Study of the Molecular Mobility of Polysaccharide Solid Thin Layers by Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Liedermann ◽  
L. Lapčík ◽  
S. Desmedt
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Relaxation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Calculated Activation Energy ◽  
Β Relaxation

ABSTRACTTemperature dependence of measured dielectric relaxation spectra (DRS) in the frequency range 20 Hz - 1 MHz of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) are in the temperature range 100 – 350 K. of Arrhenius character with one relaxation process at 150 – 250 K. This process reflects most probably β-relaxation of the side chain groups. Calculated activation energy of this process was 5730 kJ/mole. Four types of polysaccharides were studied at 293 K temperature: hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CHS), HEC and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), in the low-frequency range 10−5 - 100 Hz. Measured dielectric spectra were interpreted as sum of one A.C. conductivity process and of up to two relaxation processes. The relaxation processes were described by means of the Havriliak-Negami formula and their parameters were related to the molecular structure of the polymers. The low value of a in CHS is related to its strong coupling due to the presence of two polar groups in its monomeric unit, whereas low values of α × β are interpreted as being due to the strong steric hindrances caused by long pendants present in HEC.

High Frequency Dielectric Response of the Ionic Liquid N-Methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium Dicyanamide

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schrödle ◽  
Gary Annat ◽  
Douglas R. MacFarlane ◽  
Maria Forsyth ◽  
Richard Buchner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Dielectric Response ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquid ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Fast Rotation

A study of the room-temperature ionic liquid N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy over the frequency range 0.2 GHz ≤ ν ≤ 89 GHz has revealed that, in addition to the already known lower frequency processes, there is a broad featureless dielectric loss at higher frequencies. The latter is probably due to the translational (oscillatory) motions of the dipolar ions of the IL relative to each other, with additional contributions from their fast rotation.

EFFECT OF CELL THICKNESS ON THE DIELECTRIC RELAXATION PROCESSES IN FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 2263-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAJBIR SINGH ◽  
K. K. RAINA
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Goldstone Mode ◽  
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy ◽  
Dielectric Parameters ◽  
Liquid Crystal Material ◽  
Cell Thickness

Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy in the frequency range 50 Hz to 1 MHz has been carried out in a room temperature ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture in the SmC*, SmA and N* phases in cells of different thickness. The relaxation frequency fr, distribution parameter α and dielectric strength δ∊ have been evaluated. Goldstone mode, domain mode and soft mode have been observed. It is found that the cell thickness has a significant effect on the dielectric parameters of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material. The results have been discussed.

Shallow subsurface mapping by electromagnetic sounding in the 300 kHz to 30 MHz range: Model studies and prototype system assessment

Geophysics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1201-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duff C. Stewart ◽  
Walter L. Anderson ◽  
Thomas P. Grover ◽  
Victor F. Labson
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Displacement Currents

A new instrument designed for frequency‐domain sounding in the depth range 0–10 m uses short coil spacings of 5 m or less and a frequency range of 300 kHz to 30 MHz. In this frequency range, both conduction currents (controlled by electrical conductivity) and displacement currents (controlled by dielectric permittivity) are important. Several surface electromagnetic survey systems commonly used (generally with frequencies less than 60 kHz) are unsuitable for detailed investigation of the upper 5 m of the earth or, as with ground‐penetrating radar, are most effective in relatively resistive environments. Most computer programs written for interpretation of data acquired with the low‐frequency systems neglect displacement currents, and are thus unsuited for accurate high‐frequency modeling and interpretation. New forward and inverse computer programs are described that include displacement currents in layered‐earth models. The computer programs and this new instrument are used to evaluate the effectiveness of shallow high‐frequency soundings based on measurement of the tilt angle and the ellipticity of magnetic fields. Forward model studies indicate that the influence of dielectric permittivity provides the ability to resolve thin layers, especially if the instrument frequency range can be extended to 50 MHz. Field tests of the instrument and the inversion program demonstrate the potential for detailed shallow mapping wherein both the resistivity and the dielectric permittivity of layers are determined. Although data collection and inversion are much slower than for low‐frequency methods, additional information is obtained inasmuch as there usually is a permittivity contrast as well as a resistivity contrast at boundaries between different materials. Determination of dielectric permittivity is particularly important for hazardous waste site characterization because the presence of some contaminants may have little effect on observed resistivity but a large effect on observed permittivity.

On the relationship between matric potential and dielectric properties of organic free soils: a sensitivity study

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Wagner ◽  
Alexander Scheuermann
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Relaxation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Relative Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Relaxation Effects

High-frequency electromagnetic determination of moisture in porous media, (e.g., soil) is based on the strong relationship between volumetric water content and relative dielectric permittivity. In particular, in fine-grained soils the movement of water is influenced by different surface-bonding forces due to interface processes. The interface effects lead to a number of dielectric relaxation processes (free- and bound-water phase, Maxwell–Wagner effect, counterion relaxation effects). These relaxation processes are the reason for the strong frequency dependence of the electromagnetic material properties below 1 GHz. The matric potential is a measure of the bonding forces on water in the soil. Based on a thermodynamic relationship between soil matric potential and dielectric relaxation behaviour of water in different binding states, a broadband dielectric relaxation model was developed that considers low-frequency dispersion up to 1 MHz as well as losses due to direct-current conductivity. The sensitivity of the model on soil suction was systematically analyzed based on a pedotransfer function (PTF) for soil textures ranging from pure sand up to pure clay. The results are compared with known empirical and semiempirical calibration functions, as well as theoretical mixing models.

scholarly journals Two distinct dielectric relaxation mechanisms in the low-frequency range in Bi5TiNbWO15 ceramics

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (16) ◽  
pp. 162908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. G. Yi ◽  
Y. X. Li ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
Q. R. Yin
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Relaxation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range

Dynamics of a bioinert polymer in hydrated states by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1389-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyoaki Hirata ◽  
Hisao Matsuno ◽  
Daisuke Kawaguchi ◽  
Manabu Inutsuka ◽  
Tomoyasu Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Relaxation ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy ◽  
Segmental Dynamics ◽  
Side Chain Motion

The segmental dynamics of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) at the water interface is extremely faster and comparable to the side chain motion.

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