Improvement of electric insulation in dielectric layered perovskite nickelate films via fluorination

Layered perovskite nickelates have recently emerged as materials with colossal dielectric permittivity. However, they exhibit relatively high values of loss tangent (tan δ) owing to insufficient electric insulation; thus, lowering...

Synthesis of polar polynorbornenes with high dielectric relaxation strength as candidate materials for dielectric applications

Polar polynorbornenes prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization show thermally switchable dielectric permittivity. The polymers exhibit a large dielectric relaxation strength and high glass transition temperature.

Discovering formation of ice 0 by low-frequency measurement data

In this work, low-frequency characteristics of wetted nanoporous silicate materials were measured, as well as the specimen’s own low-frequency electric fluctuations at the frequencies of 1…100 Hz. The measurements at low frequencies were conducted at different voltages of the probing signal. A capacity cell was used in making the measurements. In the experiments, at the temperatures below –25…–30 °C, non-linearity of the medium was discovered. The experiments on the study of the specimen’s own electric fluctuations at these temperatures revealed their essential increase. These temperatures are below the point of phase transition of supercooled water to recently discovered ferroelectric ice 0. Based on the measurements made, a conclusion was made regarding formation of this modification of ice in the nanosize pores of the wetted materials under study. Ice 0 is a ferroelectric; therefore, its formation from deeply supercooled water may have a significant impact on the electric parameters of wetted bodies at the temperatures below –23 °C. At the interface of such ice with another dielectric, a thin layer with practically metallic conductivity emerges. Such a layer influences not only the non-linear dependence of dielectric permittivity on the electric field but also increases attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in a medium.

Evaluating the Response Time of an Optical Gas Sensor Based on Gasochromic Nanostructures

We propose a method for determining complex dielectric permittivity dynamics in the gasochromic oxides in the course of their interaction with a gas as well as for estimating the diffusion coefficient into a gasochromic oxide layer. The method is based on analysis of a time evolution of reflection spectra measured in the Kretschmann configuration. The method is demonstrated with a hydrogen-sensitive trilayer including an Au plasmonic film, WO3 gasochromic oxide layer, and Pt catalyst. Angular dependences of the reflectance as well as transmission spectra of the trilayer were measured in series at a constant flow of gas mixtures with hydrogen concentrations in a range of 0–0.36%, and a detection limit below 40 ppm (0.004%) of H2 was demonstrated. Response times to hydrogen were found in different ways. We show that the dielectric permittivity dynamics of WO3 must be retrieved in order to correctly evaluate the response time, whereas a direct evaluation from intensity changes for chosen wavelengths may have a high discrepancy. The proposed method gives insight into the optical properties dynamics for sensing elements based on gasochromic nanostructures.

Matrix Dielectric Permittivity for Enhanced Formation Evaluation

Modern dielectric tools are often run to obtain fundamental formation properties, such as remaining oil saturation, water-filled porosity, and brine salinity. Techniques to extract more challenging reservoir petrophysical properties like Archie m and n parameters are also emerging. The accuracy and representativeness of the obtained petrophysical parameters depend on the input parameter accuracy, such as matrix permittivity. In carbonates, matrix permittivity is known to vary over a wide range, for example, limestone matrix permittivity reported in the literature ranges from 7.5 to 9.2. The main objective of the current study is to reduce matrix dielectric permittivity uncertainty for enhanced formation evaluation in carbonate reservoirs. All dielectric measurements were conducted on 1.5 in. carbonate plug samples by means of a coaxial reflection probe with a range of frequency between 10 MHz and 1 GHz. To calculate matrix mineral dielectric permittivity, sample porosity must be obtained. Stress-corrected helium porosity from routine core analysis is used and samples mineralogy and chemical composition are measured by X-Ray diffraction. Dielectric system calibration is done by utilizing several well-characterized standards with known dielectric properties. Calcite and dolomite matrix permittivity are assessed by laboratory measurements. Results of this study and based on data from 180 core plugs allowed to assess the validity of the defined errors by statistical analysis, resulting in much reduced uncertainties in carbonate rock matrix dielectric permittivity; thus enhancing formation evaluation using dielectric measurements. The current study provides better control on dielectric permittivity values used in dielectric log interpretation for limestone formations. Such knowledge will provide better confidence in interpreted data such as water-filled porosity, flushed zone salinity and water phase tortuosity.