Formation of Polymer Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals using a Fluorinated Diacrylate

1999 ◽  
Vol 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Allan Guymon ◽  
Christopher N. Bowman ◽  
Christopher N. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Isotropic Phase ◽  
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals ◽  
Smectic C ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Polymerization Behavior ◽  
Mechanically Stabilized ◽  
Polymer Stabilized

ABSTRACTFerroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) have shown great potential for use in electro-optic and display technology due to their inherently fast switching speeds and bistability. Recently, considerable research has been devoted to FLCs mechanically stabilized by a polymer network. The network is formed typically by in situ polymerization of a monomer dissolved in the FLC. Because of the inherent order in the FLC, the polymerization behavior may be significantly different than what might be expected in solution polymerizations. These deviations result largely from the segregation properties of the monomer in the liquid crystal. One class of monomers, namely fluorinated acrylates, is a likely candidate for inducing novel segregation, polymerization and electro-optic behavior in polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals (PSFLCs). The use of fluorinated moieties has a significant impact on the phase and polymerization behavior of liquid crystal systems. This study focuses on the polymerization of a fluorinated diacrylate, octafluoro 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (FHDDA), to form PSFLCs and the consequent impact of the polymerization on the ultimate performance. Interestingly, as the temperature is increased and the order of the system decreases, a dramatic increase in the polymerization rate is observed. This increase is especially prominent for polymerizations in the smectic C* phase for which the rate is more than five times that exhibited at much higher temperatures in the isotropic phase. As with other monomer/FLC systems, the segregation of the monomer plays a role in this polymerization behavior as the monomer segregates between the smectic layers of the liquid crystal. The segregation properties also significantly impact the ultimate electro-optic properties. Both ferroelectric polarization and response time of the PSFLC change markedly with different polymerization temperatures, and approach values very close to those of the neat FLC under appropriate polymerization conditions. This behavior not only provides a unique mechanism for rate acceleration in PSFLCs, but also paves the way for new methods to optimize performance in these materials.

Polymerization Effects on the Electro-Optic Properties of a Polymer Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal

1996 ◽  
Vol 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Allan Guymon ◽  
Lisa A. Dougan ◽  
Erik N. Hoggan ◽  
Christopher N. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Ferroelectric Polarization ◽  
Mechanical Shock ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Polymerization Behavior ◽  
Display Technology

AbstractThe introduction of polymeric materials into liquid crystal (LC) matrices has been the focus of much interest in recent years. When a small percentage of polymer network is introduced, the mechanical strength of an LC system increases dramatically without significantly altering the electro-optic properties of the LC. One particular group of LCs, namely, ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs), are excellent candidates for such stabilization. FLCs, despite showing great potential for use in electro-optic and display technology due to inherently fast switching times and bistability, have found limited use as they are extremely susceptible to mechanical shock. This study examines the effects of polymerization conditions of a diacrylate monomer in an FLC on its inherent electro-optic properties. The LC phase in which polymerization occurs has a dramatic effect on the polymerization behavior and formation of the polymer network. Such effects have interesting implications on the ferroelectric polarization and switching speed of the FLC. As the temperature of polymerization increases and thus the order of the LC phase decreases, the ferroelectric polarization and the switching time increase.

scholarly journals Effect of Cell Thickness on the Electro-optic Response of Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals with Negative Dielectric Anisotropy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Min Lee ◽  
Ecklin P. Crenshaw ◽  
Mariacristina Rumi ◽  
Timothy J. White ◽  
Timothy J. Bunning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Dielectric Anisotropy ◽  
Cholesteric Liquid Crystals ◽  
Colored State ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Polymer Stabilized ◽  
Cell Thickness

It has previously been shown that for polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs) with negative dielectric anisotropy, the position and bandwidth of the selective reflection notch can be controlled by a direct-current (DC) electric field. The field-induced deformation of the polymer network that stabilizes the devices is mediated by ionic charges trapped in or near the polymer. A unique and reversible electro-optic response is reported here for relatively thin films (≤5 μm). Increasing the DC field strength redshifts the reflection notch to longer wavelength until the reflection disappears at high DC fields. The extent of the tuning range is dependent on the cell thickness. The transition from the reflective to the clear state is due to the electrically controlled, chirped pitch across the small cell gap and not to the field-induced reorientation of the liquid crystal molecules themselves. The transition is reversible. By adjusting the DC field strength, various reflection wavelengths can be addressed from either a different reflective (colored) state at 0 V or a transparent state at a high DC field. Relatively fast responses (~50 ms rise times and ~200 ms fall times) are observed for these thin PSCLCs.

scholarly journals Effect of Ion Concentration on the Electro-Optic Response in Polymer-Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Kyung M. Lee ◽  
Timothy J. Bunning ◽  
Timothy J. White ◽  
Michael E. McConney ◽  
Nicholas P. Godman
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Cholesteric Liquid Crystals ◽  
Reflection Band ◽  
Ion Density ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Polymer Stabilized ◽  
Bandwidth Broadening

We have previously reported that the application of a DC field can adjust the position and/or bandwidth of the selective reflection notch in polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs). The proposed mechanism of these electro-optic (EO) response is ion-facilitated electromechanical deformation of the polymer stabilizing network. Accordingly, the concentration of ions trapped within the polymer network should considerably influence the EO response of PSCLC. Our prior studies have indicated that photoinitiators can increase ion density in PSCLC by an order of magnitude. Here, we isolate the contribution of ionic impurities associated with liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) by utilizing initiator-less polymerization. PSCLCs prepared with LCM with low ion concentration show bandwidth broadening of the reflection band whereas PSCLCs prepared with LCM with high ion concentration exhibit a red shifting tuning of the reflection band. The extent of the tuning or bandwidth broadening of the CLC reflection band depends on the concentration of LCMs and the chirality of the LCM.

scholarly journals Dual electrically and thermally responsive broadband reflectors based on polymer network stabilized chiral nematic liquid crystals: the role of crosslink density

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (66) ◽  
pp. 10109-10112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh Khandelwal ◽  
Gilles H. Timmermans ◽  
Michael G. Debije ◽  
Albertus P. H. J. Schenning
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystals ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Thermally Responsive ◽  
Chiral Nematic ◽  
Polymer Stabilized

An adjustable broadband reflector based on a polymer stabilized chiral nematic liquid crystal has been fabricated.

New photoactive polymer and liquid-crystal materials

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1499-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Diffraction Gratings ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals ◽  
Azobenzene Polymer ◽  
Photoactive Materials ◽  
Polymer Stabilized

The reversible trans–cis photoisomerization of azobenzene and azopyridine chromophore was used to design and exploit novel photoactive materials based on polymers and liquid crystals. This paper reviews our recent studies on several systems. These include azobenzene-containing thermoplastic elastomers that can be used to prepare mechanically tunable diffraction gratings, side-chain azopyridine polymers for combined self-assembly and photoactivity, azobenzene polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals whose bulk alignment can be achieved by light with no need for surface orientation layers, and, finally, self-assembled photoactive liquid-crystal gels that can display light-induced reorganization leading to the formation of electrically switchable diffraction gratings.

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