Microstructure and Physical Properties of Clay-Polymer Composites

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Blanton ◽  
D. Majumdar ◽  
S.M. Melpolder
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layered Clay

ABSTRACTClay-polymer nanoparticulate composite materials are evaluated by the X-ray diffraction technique. The basal plane spacing provided information about the degree of intercalation and exfoliation of the 2: 1 layered clay structure. Both intercalation and exfoliation are controlled by the identity of the polymer and the clay:polymer ratio.

scholarly journals Thermal, Structural, and Physical Properties of Freeze Dried Tropical Fruit Powder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Athmaselvi ◽  
C. Kumar ◽  
M. Balasubramanian ◽  
Ishita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Lcr Meter

This study evaluates the physical properties of freeze dried tropical (guava, sapota, and papaya) fruit powders. Thermal stability and weight loss were evaluated using TGA-DSC and IR, which showed pectin as the main solid constituent. LCR meter measured electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss factor. Functional groups assessed by FTIR showed presence of chlorides, and O–H and N–H bonds in guava, chloride and C–H bond in papaya, and chlorides, and C=O and C–H bonds in sapota. Particle size and type of starch were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and microstructure through scanning electronic microscopy. A semicrystalline profile and average particle size of the fruit powders were evidenced by X-ray diffraction and lamellar/spherical morphologies by SEM. Presence of A-type starch was observed in all three fruits. Dependence of electric and dielectric properties on frequency and temperature was observed.

Lithofacies Analysis and Qualitative Minerology of the Sediments of #3 Well in the Greater Ughelli Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-610
Author(s):  
K. Itiowe ◽  
R. Oghonyon ◽  
B. K. Kurah
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sandy Shale ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Niger Delta Basin ◽  
Shaly Sandstone

The sediment of #3 Well of the Greater Ughelli Depobelt are represented by sand and shale intercalation. In this study, lithofacies analysis and X-ray diffraction technique were used to characterize the sediments from the well. The lithofacies analysis was based on the physical properties of the sediments encountered from the ditch cuttings.  Five lithofacies types of mainly sandstone, clayey sandstone, shaly sandstone, sandy shale and shale and 53 lithofacies zones were identified from 15 ft to 11295 ft. The result of the X-ray diffraction analysis identified that the following clay minerals – kaolinite, illite/muscovite, sepiolite, chlorite, calcite, dolomite; with kaolinite in greater percentage. The non-clay minerals include quartz, pyrite, anatase, gypsum, plagioclase, microcline, jarosite, barite and fluorite; with quartz having the highest percentage. Therefore, due to the high percentage of kaolinite in #3 well, the pore filing kaolinite may have more effect on the reservoir quality than illite/muscovite, chlorite and sepiolite. By considering the physical properties, homogenous and heterogeneous nature of the #3 Well, it would be concluded that #3 Well has some prospect for petroleum and gas exploration.

scholarly journals Solvent Concentration Effect on Powder X-Ray Diffraction and Dissolution Profiles of Acyclovir-Nicotinamide Cocrystals

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setyawan D. ◽  
Siswandono Siswandono ◽  
Winantari A. N. ◽  
Zu’aimah K.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dissolution Properties ◽  
Slurry Method

Objective : Acyclovir (ACV) is well-known antiviral agent that has absorption problem, mainly due to its poor solubility in water and oral bioavailability. To improve acyclovir physical properties, especially dissolution properties, acyclovirnicotinamide(NCT) cocrystal was formed. Methods : ACV-NCT cocrystal was prepared using slurry method using ethanol as solvent with different concentration. The ACV-NCT cocrystal from each sample groups was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and then dissolution properties evaluated. Results : Each ACV-NCT cocrystals prepared from slurry method with different ethanol concentrations have different PXRD profile. Dissolution analysis (ED15) showed that ACV-NCT cocrystallization using slurry methods with 10,0 ml/g as ethanol concentration significantly increase ED15 values compared to acyclovir and acyclovir-nicotinamide physical mixture (α=0,05). Conclusion : ACV-NCT cocrystal successfully formed using slurry method with 10,0 ml/g as optimal ethanol concentration.

Effects of Electron Beam on Structure and Physical Properties of Natural Colorless Topaz

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Chutharat Paikaew ◽  
Juthamas Inthanont ◽  
Adisak Punyanut ◽  
Ekachai Hoonnivathana ◽  
Pichet Limsuwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Orthorhombic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Function Group ◽  
And Function ◽  
Beam Dose

The purpose of this research was to investigate physical properties, configuration and color of topaz. Topazes were irradiated with electron beam linear accelerator at different dose from 40 to 180 MGy. The color of topaz was analyzed by UV-vis and it was shown that the color of topaz was becoming strong color with increased electron beam dose. Crystal structure and function group of topaz were characterized by X- ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the topaz has orthorhombic structure and no other crystalline. After irradiated, topaz released OH indicating higher crystallinity of topaz and this was confirmed with the results of electron spin resonance (ESR). Electron beam dose response of topaz was investigated. ESR results showed that the Al3+ ion was substituted in Si4+ site and Ti3+ impurity in Al4+ site and this result corresponds to the results of FTIR. The experiment result indicated that electron beam could be making defect on crystal structure and color enhancement of topaz.

Physical properties of glycosyl diacylglycerols. 2. X-ray diffraction studies of a homologous series of 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerols

Biochemistry ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (34) ◽  
pp. 7799-7804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Sen ◽  
Sek Wen Hui ◽  
David A. Mannock ◽  
Ruthven N. A. H. Lewis ◽  
Ronald N. McElhaney
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The Influence of Argon Pressure on the Structural and Physical Properties of LaB6 Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 1436-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Zhao ◽  
Guang Hui Min ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Jie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Lanthanum Hexaboride ◽  
Argon Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
Crystallization Degree

Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) films were deposited on Si (111) substrates by magnetron sputtering method. The characterization of the films was investigated by means of atom force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), four-point probe electrical resistance measurement, scratch tester and nano-indentation tester. Influence of argon pressure on physical properties, such as crystallization degree, conductivity and mechanical properties was studied. All the films were smooth and dense. The film crystallites showed a preferential orientation of (100) plane, but the films which were deposited at 2.0 Pa exhibited amorphous structures. LaB6 films which were deposited below 1.5 Pa had excellent conductivity. The bonding strength of the films which were deposited at 1.0 Pa was higher than the others due to the formation of the nano-sized crystals. The hardness and elastic modulus were investigated in connection with the crystalline of LaB6 films. As a result, the films which were deposited at 1.0 Pa had a maximal value of hardness (16.782 Gpa) and elasticity modulus (193.895 Gpa). In a word, the LaB6 films which were deposited at 1.0 Pa have a higher degree of crystalline and more excellent physical properties in comparison with the others. The obtained results will be used synthesizing LaB6 films for applications in low-temperature thermoelectric devices.

Preliminary evaluation of the physical properties of red ceramic incorporated with solid residue

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (61) ◽  
pp. 3575-3579
Author(s):  
Francine M. Nunes ◽  
Eduarda M. Rangel ◽  
Fernando M. Machado ◽  
Rubens Camaratta ◽  
Letícia P. Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Linear Contraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

AbstractThe food processing industry highlights the daily generation of large amounts of eggshell solid residue. In this way, this residue becomes a non renewable raw material to be reused as an additive in red ceramics, in order to reduce the volume of disposal to the environment and improve the physical properties of the product. The objective of this work was to evaluate the forming moisture, linear shrinkage of drying and shrinkage of drying burning of ceramic test pieces (CS’s) with formulations with 2% and 3% of white eggshell residue (ER) incorporated in clay. The clay and ER were collected in the city of Pelotas-RS. The ER sample was analyzed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). After pressing, natural and artificial drying was carried out and the CS’s were burned. These were evaluated through normative parameters C-020/95, C-021/95 and C-026/95. The values obtained for the forming moisture were between 5.82 and 8.78%, for the linear shrinkage of drying between 0.10 and 0.43% and, for the linear contraction burning between -0.29 and 0.08%. The results showed that the addition of ER to the ceramic mass helped in the reduction of the forming moisture and the linear shrinkage of the ceramic test pieces.

Variation in the structure of zircon

1946 ◽  
Vol 27 (193) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan H. Stott ◽  
Alfred Hilliard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Interesting Observation ◽  
Zirconium Silicate ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

In the course of an investigation on refractory materials, in which the identification of minerals by their X-ray diffraction patterns had a prominent place, an interesting observation was made on a zircon of gem quality which was lent to us by the courtesy of Mr. B. W. Anderson.It may be recalled that the existence of three allotropes has been postulated in order to explain the considerable variations of physical properties which are found when comparing different specimens of zircon. In particular, densities ranging from 3·95 to 4·86 have been observed, the density of zirconium silicate, calculated from X-ray measurements, being 4·71.

scholarly journals Enhanced Photodegradation Stability in Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Composites Using Organically Modified Layered Zinc Phenylphosphonate

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie-Mao Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Erh-Chiang Chen ◽  
Yun-Ju Chen ◽  
Tzong-Ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Yellowness Index ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Uv Photodegradation ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
The Fourier Transform

The enhancement of the ultraviolet (UV) photodegradation resistance of biodegradable polymers can improve their application efficacy in a natural environment. In this study, the hexadecylamine modified layered zinc phenylphosphonate (m-PPZn) was used as a UV protection additive for poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) via solution mixing. The results from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis of the m-PPZn indicated the occurrence of hexadecylamine intercalation. FTIR and gel permeation chromatography were used to characterize the evolution of the PBAT/m-PPZn composites after being artificially irradiated via a light source. The various functional groups produced via photodegradation were analyzed to illustrate the enhanced UV protection ability of m-PPZn in the composite materials. From the appearance, the yellowness index of the PBAT/m-PPZn composite materials was significantly lower than that of the pure PBAT matrix due to photodegradation. These results were confirmed by the molecular weight reduction in PBAT with increasing m-PPZn content, possibly due to the UV photon energy reflection by the m-PPZn. This study presents a novel approach of improving the UV photodegradation of a biodegradable polymer using an organically modified layered zinc phenylphosphonate composite.

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