Development of Plasma-Assisted Processing for Selenization and Sulfurization of Absorber Layers

2003 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kosaraju ◽  
I. Repins ◽  
C. A. Wolden
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasma Processing ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Solar Absorbers ◽  
Copper Chalcopyrite

AbstractIn the synthesis of copper chalcopyrite solar absorbers the chalcogen source is always supplied in excess due to its low reactivity. This paper describes preliminary work aimed at addressing this issue through plasma processing. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) was use to activate both sulfur and selenium vapors. First, the thermodynamic arguments for using activated chalcogens are presented. Next, this paper describes the experimental ICP setup and its characterization using optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Stable discharges have been achieved with both sulfur and selenium vapors using argon as a carrier gas. The potential of this approach was demonstrated by converting indium films into In2Se3 and InSx. The indium samples were inserted into chalcogen-containing ICP plasmas. Through X-ray diffraction it was observed that chalcogen conversion was achieved in a matter of minutes at room temperature by plasma processing.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Electrodeposition of Silver and Tungsten from [EMIm]Cl:AlCl3 Ionic Liquids outside the Glove Box

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Dominik Höhlich ◽  
Thomas Mehner ◽  
Ingolf Scharf ◽  
Thomas Lampke
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Phase System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Simultaneous Electrodeposition ◽  
Electrodeposition Of Silver

Ag–W two-phase system was prepared by electrodeposition using anhydrous 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [EMIm]Cl ionic-liquid (IL) solution with AlCl3 in different ratios. The deposition took place outside the glove box with a continuous Ar stream over the electrolyte at 120 °C and a pulsed-like current regime. Resultant layers show areas of Ag and W with an overall W content with a mass fraction of w W   = 50% (mole fraction x W   = 36.9%). The phase composition of Ag–W layers was observed by X-ray diffraction, and the chemical composition was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.

Ductile Powders Mechanically Alloyed in an Effective Way

2014 ◽  
Vol 976 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Jaime Guerrero-Paz
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ball Mills ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Mechanically Alloy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Powder Mass

The effect of the powder quantity on the effectiveness of the mechanical alloying process using different ductile powder systems was studied. X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry-scanning electron microscopy were the techniques employed to characterize the mechanically alloyed powders. Results showed that a same volume of powders, which represented different powder mass quantities for each system and composition, was used to mechanically alloy in an effective way in horizontal ball mills.

scholarly journals Using SEM-EDX and ICP-OES to Investigate the Elemental Composition of Green MacroalgaVaucheria sessilis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Michalak ◽  
Krzysztof Marycz ◽  
Katarzyna Basińska ◽  
Katarzyna Chojnacka
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Analytical System

The biomass ofVaucheria sessilisforms algal mats in many freshwaters. There is a need to find the method of algal biomass utilization.Vaucheria sessilisis a rich source of micro- and macronutrients and can be used as a soil amendment. In the paper, the elemental composition of enriched, via bioaccumulation process, macroalga was investigated. For this purpose, two independent techniques were used: scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analytical system (SEMEDX) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The biomass was exposed to two microelemental solutions, with Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions. After two weeks of the experiment, macroalga accumulated 98.5 mg of Zn(II) ions in 1 g of dry biomass and 68.9 mg g−1of Cu(II) ions. Micrographs performed by SEM proved that bioaccumulation occurred. Metal ions were bound on the surface and in the interior of cells. Mappings of all cations showed that in the case of the surface of biomass (biosorption), the elements constituted aggregations and in the case of the cross section (bioaccumulation) they were evenly distributed. The algal biomass with permanently bound microelements can find an application in many branches of the industry (feed, natural fertilizers, etc.).

scholarly journals Crystal Chemistry and Luminescence Properties of Eu-Doped Polycrystalline Hydroxyapatite Synthesized by Chemical Precipitation at Room Temperature

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Baldassarre ◽  
Angela Altomare ◽  
Nicola Corriero ◽  
Ernesto Mesto ◽  
Maria Lacalamita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Europium-doped hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (3% mol) powders were synthesized by an optimized chemical precipitation method at 25 °C, followed by drying at 120 °C and calcination at 450 °C and 900 °C. The obtained nanosized crystallite samples were investigated by means of a combination of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The Rietveld refinement in the hexagonal P63/m space group showed europium ordered at the Ca2 site at high temperature (900 °C), and at the Ca1 site for lower temperatures (120 °C and 450 °C). FTIR and Raman spectra showed slight band shifts and minor modifications of the (PO4) bands with increasing annealing temperature. PL spectra and decay curves revealed significant luminescence emission for the phase obtained at 900 °C and highlighted the migration of Eu from the Ca1 to Ca2 site as a result of increasing calcinating temperature.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Na-P1 (GIS) zeolite using a kaolinitic rock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Novembre ◽  
Domingo Gimeno ◽  
Alessandro Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Abstract This work focuses on the hydrothermal synthesis of Na-P1 zeolite by using a kaolinite rock coming from Romana (Sassari, Italy). The kaolin is calcined at a temperature of 650 °C and then mixed with calculated quantities of NaOH. The synthesis runs are carried out at ambient pressure and at variable temperatures of 65 ° and 100 °C. For the first time compared to the past, the Na-P1 zeolite is synthesized without the use of additives and through a protocol that reduces both temperatures and synthesis times. The synthesis products are analysed by X-ray diffraction, high temperature X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The cell parameters are calculated using the Rietveld method. Density and specific surface area are also calculated. The absence of amorphous phases and impurities in synthetic powders is verified through quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods.The results make the experimental protocol very promising for an industrial transfer.

scholarly journals Catalytic Properties of Alumina-Supported Ruthenium, Platinum, and Cobalt Nanoparticles towards the Oxidation of Cyclohexane to Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ilhem Rekkab-Hammoumraoui ◽  
Abderrahim Choukchou-Braham
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Cobalt Nanoparticles ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron

A series of metal-loaded (Ru, Pt, Co) alumina catalysts were evaluated for the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane using tertbutylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant and acetonitrile or acetic acid as solvent. These materials were prepared by the impregnation method and then characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), H2 chemisorption, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). All the prepared materials acted as efficient catalysts. Among them, Ru/Al2O3 was found to have the best catalytic activity with enhanced cyclohexane conversion of 36 %, selectivity to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone of 96 % (57.6 mmol), and cyclohexane turnover frequency (TOF) of 288 h-1. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 26th May 2017; Revised: 17th July 2017; Accepted: 18th July 2017; Available online: 22nd January 2018; Published regularly: 2nd April 2018How to Cite: Rekkab-Hammoumraoui, I., Choukchou-Braham, A. (2018). Catalytic Properties of Alumina-Supported Ruthenium, Platinum, and Cobalt Nanoparticles towards the Oxidation of Cyclohexane to Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13(1): 24-36 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.1.1226.24-35) 

Electroless Ni-B Alloy Plating from DMF at Room Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 1772-1776
Author(s):  
Jian Chao Wang ◽  
Shu Hai Wang ◽  
Guang Ye ◽  
Bo Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Basic Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Alloy Plating ◽  
Electroless Ni

A new basic solution for eletroless Ni-B alloy plating from DMF was studied. The effects of composition and operating conditions on the rate of deposition of Ni-B alloy have also been discussed. The alloy component was analyzed by EDS and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The plating rate is determined by electronic balance. And structures of the plating coatings were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The optimum composition and operating conditions for abstaining satisfied Ni-B alloy coating are provided.

CdS NANORODS FABRICATED BY ICP-ASSISTED MAGNETRON SPUTTERING AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 515-518
Author(s):  
S. Y. HUANG ◽  
S. XU ◽  
J. D. LONG ◽  
J. W. CHAI ◽  
Q. J. CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Cds Nanorods ◽  
Deposition Parameters

Cadmium sulfide ( CdS ) nanocrystals are successfully fabricated on glass and silicon substrates at room temperature with low-frequency (460 kHz) inductively coupled plasma assisted magnetron sputtering technique. Both size and shape can be controlled by changing deposition parameters and substrates. Field-emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction are adopted to measure the properties of CdS nanorods.

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