Plasma Deposition, Plasma Coating, and Ion Implantation to Improve Metallic Implants and Prostheses

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Muster ◽  
Makram Hage-Ali ◽  
Kyong-Tschong Rie ◽  
Thomas Stucky ◽  
Alain Cornet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Plasma Coating ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treatment Techniques

In spite of the success of surgical implants such as artificial hip joints, the materials used to make them are not always quite up to the job. Even stainless steel and titanium alloys can break under the enormous stress on load-bearing joints and corrode in the salty environment of the body. Deposits of inorganic salts can scratch weight-bearing surfaces, making artificial joints stiff and awkward. As a result, the lifetime of an implant is, at most, 10–15 years.Metallurgists and engineers often treat the surfaces of metal parts to improve their properties. The use of advanced surface-treatment techniques such as glow-discharge ion implantation, plasma deposition, and plasma coating can significantly improve the strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance of metal implants. At the same time, these methods should also improve the biocompati-bility of the implanted devices.Cobalt-based alloys are widely used for joint replacements. However, other compounds, such as titanium alloys, have excellent potential biocompatibility and interesting but imperfect mechanical properties. Stainless steel, namely 316L, has a good price-to-mechanical-properties ratio, but has the lowest corrosion resistance of the most commonly used metallic biomaterials.

ALZ 305

Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Intermediate Annealing ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance

Abstract ALZ 305 is an austenitic stainless steel with excellent formability and good corrosion resistance, toughness, and mechanical properties. The higher amount of nickel in this grade enables high deep-drawing deformation without intermediate annealing. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-762. Producer or source: ALZ nv.

ALZ 316

Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating

Abstract ALZ 316 is an austenitic stainless steel with good formability, corrosion resistance, toughness, and mechanical properties. It is the basic grade of the stainless steels, containing 2 to 3% molybdenum. After the 304 series, the molybdenum-containing stainless steels are the most widely used austenitic stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-756. Producer or source: ALZ nv.

ALLEGHENY LUDLUM TYPE 205

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Austenitic Steels

Abstract Allegheny Stainless Type 205 is a chromium-manganese nitrogen austenitic high strength stainless steel that maintains its low magnetic permeability even after large amounts of cold working. Annealed Type 205 has higher mechanical properties than any of the conventional austenitic steels-and for any given strength level, the ductility of Type 205 is comparable to that of Type 301. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-640. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation. Originally published March 1996, revised October 1997.

ARMCO NITRONIC 50 STAINLESS STEEL

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Price Range ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Ss 304

Abstract ARMCO NITRONIC 50 STAINLESS STEEL provides a combination of corrosion resistance and strength not found in any other commercial material available in its price range. It has good mechanical properties at both elevated and sub-zero temperatures. It does not become magnetic when cold worked. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-304. Producer or source: Baltimore Specialty Steels Corporation. Originally published as Nitronic 50, January 1975, revised April 1990.

ALZ 321

Alloy Digest ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Heat Treating

Abstract ALZ 321 is an austenitic stainless steel with good cold formability, corrosion resistance, toughness, and mechanical properties. The addition of titanium improves the resistance to intergranular corrosion in welds and slower cooling sections. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: SS-821. Producer or source: ALZ nv.

AK STEEL TYPE 304L

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Carbide Precipitation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Type ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Type 304

Abstract AK Steel Type 304L is a chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel. It is an extra low-carbon variation of Type 304 with a 0.030% maximum carbon content that eliminates carbide precipitation due to welding. As a result, this alloy can be used in the “as-welded” condition, even in severe corrosive conditions. In many cases it eliminates the necessity of annealing weldments except for applications specifying stress relief. Type 304L has slightly lower mechanical properties than Type 304. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance, corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1324. Producer or Source: AK Steel Corporation.

UGIMA 4404, UGIMA 316L

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Aisi 316L

Abstract UGIMA 4404 (UGIMA 316L) is identical to UGINE 4404 (AISI 316L) in analysis, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and forging and welding ability, but not with respect to machinability. A specific melting process creates inclusions of malleable oxides with a low melting point. The inclusions improve machinability by 20-30% compared with AISI 316L (1.4404) stainless steel. This datasheet provides information on composition and physical properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-735. Producer or source: Ugine-Savoie.

ATI 201 HP

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion ◽  
Transportation Applications

Abstract ATI 201 HP is a 200-series, Cr-Mn-Ni austenitic stainless steel. It is comparable to the Cr-Ni stainless steel types 301, 304, and 304L in many respects, and can even provide some advantages over the 18-8 grades in certain applications. Because it possess a very desirable combination of economy plus good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, it has been used in a wide variety of consumer and transportation applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1332. Producer or source: ATI.

A multiscale topography analysis of ground stainless steel and titanium alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (9) ◽  
pp. 1407-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Giljean ◽  
M Bigerelle ◽  
K Anselme
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Observation Scale ◽  
316L Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Best Parameter

This study aims to perform a multiscale analysis of abraded surfaces of 316L austenitic stainless steel and titanium alloys (TiAl6V4) grinded at different paper grades. The authors propose to answer the following question: For a given distribution of silicon carbide grains of the paper, what is the best roughness parameter and at which scale must it be evaluated better to discriminate the effect of the mechanical properties of the materials? Paper grades from 80 to 4000 were used under identical pressure and erosion time. It can be concluded that the values of the amplitude roughness parameters depend on the observation scale. It is outlined that the abrasion process is very reproducible. A statistical analysis is then proposed, first, to define a classification of the relevance of the roughness parameters for each grain size distribution, and second, to determine at which scale the mechanical properties of the bulk are more influenced for all paper grades. Finally, at relevant scales, the Abbott amplitude parameters roughness kernel (RK) is the best parameter to discriminate the paper grade effect. The mean distance between asperities (SM) is the preferred method for determining the wear effect on materials and the linear mean normalizing autocorrelation (AMNLN) is the preferred method for determining the interaction between paper grade and materials.

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