scholarly journals FAKTOR PENENTU ADOPSI STANDAR ORGANIK DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA BUDIDAYA UDANG WINDU

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Maharani Yulisti ◽  
Tenny Apriliani ◽  
Risna Yusuf ◽  
Rismutia Hayu Deswati
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
Shrimp Production ◽  
The Impact

Standar keamanan pangan di Indonesia telah diusulkan untuk menghadapi tantangan pasar ikan global seperti peningkatan produksi budidaya dan perjanjian perdagangan bebas. Namun, manfaat sertifikasi keamanan pangan bagi pembudidaya ikan sering diperdebatkan. Dampaknya sangat kontekstual, yang sebenarnya sangat relevan dengan sektor perikanan skala kecil yang memiliki tingkat keragaman agro ekologi dan kondisi sosial ekonomi. Ini tidak selalu dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini menganalisis dampak adopsi organic standard terhadap produktivitas petambak udang dengan mengambil studi kasus di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Analisis yang digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor penentu adopsi menggunakan model probit; sedangkan untuk mengukur dampak terhadap outcome budidaya udang digunakan model endogenous switching regression. Hasil analisis probit menunjukkan bahwa standar organik tampaknya lebih banyak diterapkan pada pembudidaya yang memiliki pekerjaan di luar tambak udang dan lebih banyak memiliki pengalaman, tetapi kurang diadopsi oleh petani yang menyewa tambak, memiliki hubungan pasar dan hubungan kredit dengan pembeli mereka. Hasil analisis dampak menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata dari hasil budidaya udang tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara petambak yang mengadopsi standar dan yang tidak mengadopsi, sedangkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan dalam keuntungan bersih antara dua rezim. Namun, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa adopter memiliki hasil lebih besar pada produksi udang jika mereka tidak mengadopsi, begitu pula sebaliknya terhadap nonadopter menghasilkan produksi udang lebih kecil apabila mereka mengadopsi standard. Di sisi lain, adopter memiliki profit lebih kecil pada produksi udang jika mereka tidak mengadopsi, begitu pula sebaliknya terhadap non-adopter menghasilkan profit lebih kecil apabila mereka tidak mengadopsi standard. Determinants for Adopting Organic Standard and Their Impact on Performance of Black Tiger Shrimp FarmingFood safety standard  in Indonesia has been proposed to face global fish market challenges such as increasing aquaculture production and free trade agreements. Yet, the benefits of food safety certification for farmers has often been debated. It has context-specific impact and closely relevant to small farm sector with its large degree of agroecological and socio-economic heterogenity. This idea was not always get into consideration in previous researches. Therefore, this paper analyzes the impact of organic standard adoption on productivity of small-scale shrimp farming in Indonesia. The study used  a probit model to determine the determinants of adoption, while endogenous switching regression model was used to measure the impact on the outcome of shrimp farming. Heterogeneity is accounted for an endogenous switching regression framework. The analytical result of probit showed that organic standard is more applied to farmers who have off-farm job and experiences, but is less adopted by farmers who rent ponds, have market and credit relationship with their buyers. The result of impact analysis showed that there were no significant differences on shrimp production between those adopted the standard and those who did not, the average yield of shrimp farming was not found to be a significant   between farmers who adopted and those who did not adopt the standard, while there were significant differences on net profit between the two regimes. However, the analysis found that adopters had higher results on shrimp production if they do not adopt standard, and nonadopters had less shrimp production if they adopt the standard. On the other hand, adopters have smaller profit on shrimp production if they do not adopt the standard, and non-adopters made smaller profits if they do not adopt the standard. 

An Empirical Assessment of the Impact of Access to Credit on Farm Output: A Case Study of Sefwi-Wiawso Municipality Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
David Tanoh Aduhene ◽  
Sylvester Boadu ◽  
Ernest Obeng
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
The Impact

The study examined the socio-demographic features of farmers and credit accessibility in the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipality Ghana. It also identifies the sources and factors influencing access to credit in the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipality. Primary data were obtained from 1,200 households and farmers within the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal. The empirical analysis employed a logistic regression technique, the Tobit model and Endogenous Switching Regression Model (ESRM) to explore the accessibility of credit on productivity in the agriculture sector. The results revealed that age and gender are statistically significant in determining access to credit from both the logit and the endogenous regression models. The endogenous switching regression model further reveals that educational status, land ownership, access to knowledge on credit significantly influences the amount of credit received by a particular farmer within the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipality. These findings have practical implications for the modernizations of the Agriculture sector in Ghana. It is therefore important for various stakeholders to increase financial literacy among farming communities and the financial institutions to increase the credit accessibility by the Agriculture sector. It is therefore recommended that extension services provision, diversification of agriculture production and easy access to credit from financial institutions in the Municipality be established to ensure increased agriculture production.

scholarly journals Rural Credit Constraint and Informal Rural Credit Accessibility in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiong Lin ◽  
Weizhuo Wang ◽  
Christopher Gan ◽  
David A. Cohen ◽  
Quang T.T Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Credit Constraint ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the effects of rural households’ demographic characteristics on formal credit constraint, and explores the relationship between informal and formal lending in rural China. Using 2013 China’s Household Finance survey data, the authors apply probit regression models to investigate the effects of demographic factors on formal credit constraint and the household’s decision to borrow from informal credit sources. In addition, the endogenous switching regression model is applied to evaluate the impact of credit constraint on the welfare of rural farm households. The empirical evidence confirms that age, family size, annual household nonagricultural income, level of education, and history of informal borrowing have significant influence over credit constraint. Moreover, annual household nonagricultural income, the presence of children, borrowing from social networks and monthly communication expenses significantly impact rural households’ decision to utilise informal borrowing. Results from the endogenous switching regression model suggest that credit constraint by formal credit sources has no impact on household consumption.

scholarly journals Does it pay to switch from free grazing to stall feeding? Impact of stall feeding practice on household welfare in Tigrai Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muuz Hadush
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this paper, efforts were made to the impact of full and seasonal stall feeding technology on households’ economic, ecological, and social welfare outcome indicators in rural Northern Ethiopia using data obtained from the survey of 518 rural farmers. In order to address our primary objective, an endogenous switching regression model was applied. The overall result indicated that SF adoption ensures significant gains in terms of the specified outcome indicators. Using endogenous switching regression models, we estimated different outcome indicators for both adopters from adoption (ATT), and non-adopters had they adopted (ATU). It is identified that there would be a decline of 21% in milk production and productivity if adopters would not have adopted this technology while non-adopters are estimated to increase their milk production and productivity by 100 and 48% if they would adopt this technology. The results further show that SF adoption had a significant increment in the lactation period. An increase of consumption expenditure by 17% from FSF and 44% in the case of SSF could be considered significant on livelihoods for smallholder farmers. On average, adoption of SF increased manure use in the range of 258–294 kg for adopters. The results showed that SF has decreased the propensity of hiring labor by about 29% and purchase of animal feed by 31%. We have found that participation in SF, on average, decreased total cattle stock by 1 TLU but increased the probability of keeping milking cow by 23%. The adoption of SF increased the likelihood of participating in an animal sale market by 29% for adopters and by 47% for non-adopters had they decided to adopt. The adoption of SF leads to a gain in a number of plants of 11 trees and 29 m of physical construction for the typical adopter and 36 trees and 133 m if the typical non-adopter were to adopt the SF technology on their plots. The adoption process also increased the propensity of growing trees by 19% and decreased household animal shock experience by a probability of 19% for adopters and about 15%.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Groundwater Quality and the Impact of Remedial Measures Adopted by the Wheat Growers: Using Endogenous Switching Regression Model Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Mahreen Alam ◽  
Muhammad Ashfaq ◽  
Sarfraz Hassan ◽  
Asghar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
Experience Education ◽  
The Impact

Groundwater pollution is a serious problem, posing severe problems on many economic activities. The study's main objectives were to access the groundwater quality in the study area and analyze the role of farmers in improving the groundwater quality. Total 108 groundwater samples were collected from different locations along the 11-L distributary located in District Sahiwal, Punjab-Pakistan. Samples were tested to analyze the quality of groundwater for agriculture and livestock.  The parameters included pH, Ec, and TDS, were tested. Results showed that 14 samples were found to be fit, 23 were marginally fit and 71 were declared unfit for agricultural consumption. The results of CCME water quality index were also in favour of lab reports.  Most wheat-growing farmers were using gypsum as a remedial measure to minimize the side effects of poor groundwater quality. Few farmers were using farmyard manure to improve groundwater quality. There are many factors that influence the adoption of remedial measures to compensate for the poor groundwater. Farmers were facing a few limitations that compelled them to avoid incurring any further costs in order to improve groundwater quality. The financial constraint was the main issue. The endogenous switching regression model was used for data analysis. The findings revealed that family workers, experience, education, and soil quality positively impact remedial measures adoption. The study recommended that proper groundwater quality monitoring is required on a regular basis. Farmers should be educated regarding the proper use of gypsum. The sewerage system was absent in many villages of the study area. To avoid the further leaching of hazardous materials into groundwater, it is critical to construct an effective waste management system.

Distance Traveled in Times of Pandemic: An Endogenous Switching Regression Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110594
Author(s):  
David Boto-García ◽  
Veronica Leoni
Keyword(s):  
Potential Change ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Population Composition ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
Regression Approach

This paper studies the change in the distance traveled by domestic tourists considering the pre- and post-pandemic outbreak summer periods of 2019 and 2020. Using representative monthly microdata involving more than 31,000 trips conducted by Spanish residents, we examine the heterogeneity in behavioral adaptation to COVID-19 based on sociodemographic and trip-related characteristics. To account for selection effects and the potential change in the population composition of travelers between the two periods, we estimate an endogenous switching regression that conducts separate regressions for the pre- and post-pandemic periods in a unified econometric framework. Our results point to heterogeneous shifts in the distance traveled by domestic travelers after COVID-19 outbreak per sociodemographic group, with notable differences by travel purpose and lower relevance of traditional determinants like income.

scholarly journals The Impact of Agricultural Technologies on Poverty and Vulnerability of Smallholders in Ethiopia: A Panel Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubneshe Dessalegn Biru ◽  
Manfred Zeller ◽  
Tim K. Loos
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Adoption Decision ◽  
Vulnerable Households ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMany studies evaluating the impact of adoption on welfare focused on adoption of a single technology giving little attention on the complementarity/substitutability among agricultural technologies. Yet, smallholders commonly adopt several complementary technologies at a time and their adoption decision is best characterized by multivariate models. This paper, therefore, examines the impact of multiple complementary technologies adoption on consumption, poverty and vulnerability of smallholders in Ethiopia. The study used a balanced panel data obtained from a survey of 390 farm households collected in 2012, 2014 and 2016. A two stage multinomial endogenous switching regression model combined with the Mundlak approach and balanced panel data is employed to account for unobserved heterogeneity for the adoption decision and differences in household and farm characteristics. An ordered probit model is used to analyze the impact on poverty and vulnerability. We find that the adoption of improved technologies increases consumption expenditure significantly and the greatest impact is attained when farmers combine multiple complementary technologies. Similarly, the likelihood of households to remain poor or vulnerable decreased with the adoption of different complementary technologies. We therefore conclude that the adoption of multiple complementary technologies has substantial dynamic benefits that improve the welfare of smallholders in the study area, and given the observed low level of adoption rates, we suggest that much more intervention is warranted, with a special focus on poorer and vulnerable households, to ensure smallholders get support to improve their input use.

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