Intervention Characteristics Considered in Health Educators’ Adoption Decision-Making Process

It is well known that perceptions of intervention characteristics (e.g., cost, source, evidence strength and quality) are a critical link from dissemination to implementation. What is less known is the process by which researchers understand the characteristics most valued by key intermediaries (i.e., real-world decision-makers), particularly in the federal system of Cooperative Extension. In Extension, university-based specialists are available to assist county-based agents in program selection, delivery, and evaluation. For this work, a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used to conduct surveys and semi-structured interviews, informed by the Diffusion of Innovations theory and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Educators and specialists were recruited across 47 states to identify characteristics of health promotion interventions that facilitate the adoption decision-making process. Analysis of intervention attribute importance survey data was conducted through a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test to determine individual variable differences between responses. Interviews underwent a conventional content analysis. In total, 121 educators and 47 specialists from 33 states completed the survey. Eighteen educators and 10 specialists completed interviews. Educators and specialists valued components such as the community need for the intervention, and potential reach compared with other components including previous delivery settings and external funding of the intervention ( p < .05). Qualitative data indicated divergence between educators and specialists; educators valued understanding the intervention cost (time and training) and specialists valued the evidence base and external funding available. Intervention developers should communicate information valued by different stakeholders to improve the adoption of evidence-based interventions.

Dualisme Kompetensi Peradilan Permohonan Pengangkatan Anak Bagi Pemohon Yang Beragama Islam

The Child adoption application for Moslem applicants and Moslem adopted children potential are legal by the State court and the religion court in pratice, for this reason this matter causes the competency dualism in accepting, examining, and assigning that child adoption application. in the Mojokerto state court Decicion No.04/Pdt P/2012//PN Mkt, the Purwokerto faith courtroom Desicion No.a hundred thirty/Pdt P/2014/PA Pwt. the ones fourt courtsstate that they are legal to accept, examine and assign the adoption of children. according to the research, by way of yuridis normative approch sesult of the child adoption application proposed by means of Moslem applicants, both in the religion court and trough the state court have the authority to just accept, have a look at, grant, and assign the child adoption application, but with different legal consideration. inside the state court decision, the judicial legal consideration refers back to the common legislation law such as the child Protrction laws, the population Administrations law, the Goverment Ordinance, and the supreme court circular, however, the religious court in based on the Islamic law compilation. The legal consequences caused by child adoption decision carried out inside the state court, the adopted kids have inheritance rights from the adoptive mother and father, at the same time as in the religious Courts, the adoyed children do not server ties with the biological parents. consequently the adopted children do not inherit property from the adoptive mother and father.

The Non-Adoption of XBRL by Professional and Government Organisations in New Zealand and its Implications for Stakeholders

<p>Technology adoption plays a significant role in changing the way business communicates its financial information. One recently developed, technology-based language that can be used for financial reporting is eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). Fisher (2008) believes that XBRL is the future of business reporting and various XBRL stakeholders internationally have been promoting the use of XBRL for almost two decades. However, the widespread adoption of XBRL for business reporting has not happened in New Zealand. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to investigate why business and professional organisations and the New Zealand Government have decided not to adopt XBRL for use in business reporting and the implications of that decision for XBRL stakeholders. The following research questions are addressed: a) What factors influenced the organisations’ decisions not to adopt XBRL for use in business reporting? b) What are the implications of the government decision regarding XBRL use in business reporting for XBRL stakeholders? To achieve the research aim and answer the research questions, this study developed a research framework that utilizes the Technological, Organisational, and Environmental (TOE) model of technology adoption developed by DePietro, Wiarda, and Fleischer (1990). A longitudinal multiple-case study approach that analyses interview and documentary data related to four key XBRL projects: LEAP+, Project First Step, e-GIF, and SBR, was employed. The results suggest the non-adoption decision by New Zealand’s private and public sector organisations was influenced by a combination of factors from the technological, organisational, and environmental contexts. Twelve predicted and fourteen unpredicted factors have a different degree of influence on the non-adoption decision. The factors of no relative advantage, not being perceived as a problem solver, a lack of human capability, no real championship, ineffective promotion, and communication, over-enthusiasm among experts, a lack of stakeholder involvement and a knowledge gap are the critical influencing factors and are common to all four XBRL projects. One-off factors in particular projects also had a significant influence. These were the copyright issue in the LEAP+ project; a change of laws, rules and regulations in Project First Step; a change of programme sponsor in the e-GIF project; and a change of government and the global financial crisis in the SBR programme. For the earlier projects, under the auspices of professional organisations, the technological and organisational contexts were the most important. However, the organisational and environmental contexts were most significant during projects under the auspices of government organisations. The non-adoption of XBRL had different short-term and long-term implications for the XBRL stakeholders. In the short-term, the government agencies are potentially unable to perform specific reporting-related data analysis and have limited their ability to share data and improve the efficiency of their processes. In long-term the government agencies have lost an opportunity to detect more errors in financial statements, to get data and information for policy-making purposes and to work in a connected manner. Accounting firms face a lack of XBRL skill development in the short and long-term and have missed the opportunity to free-up time for other purposes. Business organisations have lost the opportunity to improve access and connections with government agencies or other businesses, to reduce their compliance costs and potentially increase their long-term effectiveness.</p>

The Non-Adoption of XBRL by Professional and Government Organisations in New Zealand and its Implications for Stakeholders

<p>Technology adoption plays a significant role in changing the way business communicates its financial information. One recently developed, technology-based language that can be used for financial reporting is eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). Fisher (2008) believes that XBRL is the future of business reporting and various XBRL stakeholders internationally have been promoting the use of XBRL for almost two decades. However, the widespread adoption of XBRL for business reporting has not happened in New Zealand. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to investigate why business and professional organisations and the New Zealand Government have decided not to adopt XBRL for use in business reporting and the implications of that decision for XBRL stakeholders. The following research questions are addressed: a) What factors influenced the organisations’ decisions not to adopt XBRL for use in business reporting? b) What are the implications of the government decision regarding XBRL use in business reporting for XBRL stakeholders? To achieve the research aim and answer the research questions, this study developed a research framework that utilizes the Technological, Organisational, and Environmental (TOE) model of technology adoption developed by DePietro, Wiarda, and Fleischer (1990). A longitudinal multiple-case study approach that analyses interview and documentary data related to four key XBRL projects: LEAP+, Project First Step, e-GIF, and SBR, was employed. The results suggest the non-adoption decision by New Zealand’s private and public sector organisations was influenced by a combination of factors from the technological, organisational, and environmental contexts. Twelve predicted and fourteen unpredicted factors have a different degree of influence on the non-adoption decision. The factors of no relative advantage, not being perceived as a problem solver, a lack of human capability, no real championship, ineffective promotion, and communication, over-enthusiasm among experts, a lack of stakeholder involvement and a knowledge gap are the critical influencing factors and are common to all four XBRL projects. One-off factors in particular projects also had a significant influence. These were the copyright issue in the LEAP+ project; a change of laws, rules and regulations in Project First Step; a change of programme sponsor in the e-GIF project; and a change of government and the global financial crisis in the SBR programme. For the earlier projects, under the auspices of professional organisations, the technological and organisational contexts were the most important. However, the organisational and environmental contexts were most significant during projects under the auspices of government organisations. The non-adoption of XBRL had different short-term and long-term implications for the XBRL stakeholders. In the short-term, the government agencies are potentially unable to perform specific reporting-related data analysis and have limited their ability to share data and improve the efficiency of their processes. In long-term the government agencies have lost an opportunity to detect more errors in financial statements, to get data and information for policy-making purposes and to work in a connected manner. Accounting firms face a lack of XBRL skill development in the short and long-term and have missed the opportunity to free-up time for other purposes. Business organisations have lost the opportunity to improve access and connections with government agencies or other businesses, to reduce their compliance costs and potentially increase their long-term effectiveness.</p>

The dynamic threshold model of bandwagon innovations: Role of organizational attention and legitimacy

Innovations are not always adopted due to their expected economic impact but often due to bandwagon pressure. Fueled by economic uncertainty, these “bandwagon innovations” are adopted once the bandwagon pressure reaches a certain threshold. Existing literature, however, has not examined this threshold’s sources nor considered the effect of a bandwagon adoption decision on threshold. Therefore, building on current knowledge about the bandwagon effect, organizational attention, and legitimacy, this paper develops a theoretical model to help understand the factors affecting threshold and making organizations more or less likely to adopt bandwagon innovations. The novel dynamic threshold model proposed here explains how attention to social or economic factors can affect an organization’s threshold. The model shows that the threshold may change such that an organization may be more likely to adopt a bandwagon innovation after prior resistance or resist one after prior adoption. Implications for organizational decision-makers and future research avenues are also discussed.

Factors Determining Rice Farm Households’ Adoption of Organic Farming in Taiwan

The adoption of environmentally friendly farming practices, such as organic farming, is promoted as a promising option for meeting the sustainable development goals in Taiwan. Taking the paddy rice as an example, this study examines the determining factors of organic farming adoption with an emphasis on farm households’ socio-economic characteristics. Based on data drawn from the 2015 Census of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery and Animal Husbandry, rice farm households’ adoption of organic farming is defined as allocating part of the farmland to rice plantation without using any chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In line with previous research, farm operators’ age, educational level and on-farm workdays are found to be significant determinants of organic farming adoption. Socio-economic characteristics of the farm household are also found to be relevant to the adoption decision. The results suggest that household-level human capital such as proportion of middle-aged or elder members, and proportion of members with college degree, have significantly positive effect on the adoption probability. Since organic farming is more labor-demanding than conventional farming, this study performs a further analysis to examine the differences in the determining factors between full-time and part-time households. Relative to the young operators, middle-aged operators in the full-time households are found to be less likely to adopt organic farming, whereas the elder operators in the part-time households have a higher adoption probability. Additionally, share of members with a college degree is found to be another significant driving factor of adoption, which is however only true for the part-time households. Exploring the diverse impacts of socio-economic factors for the two groups of households contributes to the extant literature by narrowing the gap in understanding the relation between farm management strategy and organic farming adoption.

Adoption Behaviour of the Rural Farming Household in South West Nigeria: A Panacea for Agricultural Promotion Policy (APP)

The study examined the adoption behaviour of the rural farming household in South-West Nigeria. A cross-sectional sample survey of 200 farmers were randomly chosen for the study. Descriptive statistics and Tobit regression were used to calculate the probability of adoption. The study showed the magnitude of change in the level of adoption of agroforestry-based technologies by performing simulated analysis on some identified variables that could influence government policies. The simulation is done with an increase in the values of the variables by 5%, 10% and 20%. The results of this simulation of policy variables revealed that adoption will decrease with increase in age and credit facility. Also, any policy that will improve the quality and/or coverage of extension education is likely to increase adoption of agroforestry-based technologies. Landowners are likely to adopt agroforestry based technologies than tenants. Any policy that provides land to prospective farmers is likely to increase adoption of agroforestry-based technologies. Some of the general conclusion which have emerged from this investigation are that: Only availability of credit to farmers has significant effect on adoption of agroforestry-based technology at 0.05 level. However, at 0.10 level of significance, distance of input source from farm, membership of cooperative society and farmers’ educational status are significant in explaining adoption decision of farmers in the area. It is therefore recommended that there is need for provision of regular and better extension services to keep farmers abreast of the latest agroforestry-based technologies.

Rice varietal selection in Bangladesh: Does it matter who in the farm household makes the decisions?

This paper examines whether rice adoption decision differs between sole decision-making and collaborative decision-making in which household members jointly decide on rice varietal selection. Overall, the results show that the majority of rice farmers currently cultivate older rice varieties. The average varietal age is 22 years. Adopters and non-adopters are significantly different in several observed characteristics; however, most of the differences are small. Specifically, between adopter and non-adopters, there is a statistically significant difference in the average varietal age of rice grown, the number of plots owned, varietal trait preferences, seed sources, contact with agricultural extension agents and risk preference. The results of the double-hurdle regression estimation are unconvincing for a difference between household decision-making structures, indicating that it does not matter who in the farm household makes the decisions on rice varietal selection. To encourage the adoption of improved rice varieties and reduce the average varietal age, the focus should be on improving access to agricultural land and extension contact. Besides, aligning varietal trait with farmers’ preferences and organising farm demonstrations is crucial.