scholarly journals Oral allergy syndrome by fruit and vegetable PR-10 allergy: Accuracy of in vivo diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Cristina De Rose ◽  
Maria Letitzia Patti ◽  
Alessadro Gambacorta ◽  
Federica Brancato ◽  
Stefano Miceli Sopo
Keyword(s):  
Specific Ige ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Oral Allergy Syndrome ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
In Vivo Diagnosis

Routine diagnostic methods for allergies to plant-derived foods are based on skin prick test (SPT) with commercial extracts, prick-by-prick (PbP) with fresh food, serum-specific IgE measurement, and oral food challenge.We discuss the possibility and the advantages of performing, in patients with oral allergy syn-drome (OAS) by fruit and vegetables (excluding nuts) PR-10 allergy, component-resolved diag-nosis (CRD) by SPT and PbP with raw and cooked vegetables, rather than performing a CRD with in vitro tests by drawing blood.Based on our clinical experience and the studies published in the literature, we believe that, at least for the OAS by fruit and vegetables (excluding nuts) PR-10 allergy, the search for sensitizing allergens and related cross-reactive allergens with SPT and PbP can be performed routinely in clinical practice, even at the primary-care level.

scholarly journals Oral Allergy Syndrome in a Child Provoked by Royal Jelly

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fantini Paola ◽  
Delle Donne Pantalea ◽  
Calogiuri Gianfranco ◽  
Ferrannini Antonio ◽  
Vacca Angelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Oral Allergy Syndrome ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Inhalant Allergens

Royal jelly has been demonstrated to have several physiological activities. However, in the literature, different reactions induced by royal jelly are reported. We describe a case of seven-year-old child that was referred to our observation for two episodes of oral allergy syndrome (OAS) that appeared ten minutes after ingestion of royal jelly. Skin prick test with standard panel of inhalant and food allergens, a prick-to-prick test using the royal jelly’s extract responsible for patient’s reactions, and royal jelly patch test with extemporaneous preparation were performed. The specific IgE by ImmunoCAP System method versus Hymenoptera venom, inhalant allergens, food allergens, and lipid transfer proteins was dosed. According to the positive reactions to royal jelly both by prick-by-prick test and by a first reading patch test, royal jelly immediate hypersensitivity was diagnosed. According to the positive response for almond in bothin vivoandin vitrotests we can think of the royal jelly contamination with almond pollen as possible cause of patient’s reaction. Moreover, from the results of specific IgE titers versus Compositae pollens, we have argued the possibility that this case of royal jelly allergy could be explained also by the mechanism of cross-reaction with Compositae pollens.

Relevance of Major Allergens in Weed Pollen Allergy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Marion San Nicoló ◽  
Catalina Högerle ◽  
Donata Gellrich ◽  
Moritz Gröger
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Ige Reactivity ◽  
Major Allergens

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Weed pollen allergy is an important and in prevalence increasing cause of pollinosis in Europe and across the world. In this study we focus on the value of common diagnostic tools for detection of a sensitization to mugwort and English plantain, especially with regard to the clinical relevance of the sensitization. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eighty weed pollen sensitized patients (41 to mugwort and 39 to English plantain) were assessed retrospectively regarding their clinical anamnesis, in-vivo tests (skin prick test [SPT] and allergen specific provocation) and in-vitro tests (immunoglobulin E [IgE] reactivity to purified natural allergen extract and specific allergen components in serum). <b><i>Results:</i></b> 85% of mugwort and 83% of English plantain sensitizations could be diagnosed by SPT alone. Distinction between allergic and non-allergic patients could be made with clinical challenges solely. IgE serology revealed IgE antibodies against the native pollen extracts for mugwort in 98% and for English plantain in 90% of patients. Detection of major allergens nArt v 1, nArt v 3 and Pla l 1 did not add accuracy to the diagnosis. A vast majority of the weed pollen allergic patients was sensitized to &#x3e;1 allergen. Minor allergens were found to be of less importance. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The exact diagnosis of weed pollen allergy can be challenging due to confounding components in anamnesis and diagnostic tests. IgE-serology does not delineate allergic from sensitized patients. Component resolved diagnostics (CRD) can confirm, but not replace, extract based diagnostic methods, such as SPT, provocation tests or serology to native extracts. Hence, these are the gold standard diagnostic tools in weed pollen allergy up to now.

scholarly journals Sublingual Reactivity to rBET V1 and rPHL P1 in Patients with Oral Allergy Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 205873920601900 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Marcucci ◽  
L. Sensi ◽  
G. DI Cara ◽  
G. Gidaro ◽  
C. Incorvaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Oral Allergy Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recombinant Allergens ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
High Concentrations

Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS) in patients with pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis is caused by specific IgE recognizing cross-reacting epitopes of fruits and plants, which were clearly shown in vitro, but failed to be demonstrated in vivo by cross-challenges in the target organs. Considering the hypothesis of degradation of such epitopes in natural extracts, challenges with recombinant pollen allergens were done to evaluate the reactivity of the oral mucosa in OAS patients. Seventeen patients with OAS and rhinitis from birch (10) and grass pollen (7) and 10 non-atopic controls were studied by skin prick tests (SPT), allergen specific nasal challenges (ASNC) and allergen specific sublingual challenges (ASSC) with birch and timothy extracts and with rBet v1 and rPhl p1 at increasing concentrations from 1 to 1000 mcg/ml. None of the healthy subjects in the control group had any positive test for birch and timothy extracts or for recombinant allergens. In the OAS group the following results were observed: SPTs with recombinant allergens were positive in all patients, mostly at 10 mcg/ml concentration; ASNC with rBet v1 were positive in all patients, mostly at 100 mcg/ml; ASSC with natural pollen extracts were positive in only 2 of 17 patients, but in 15 of 17 with rBet v1 and rPhl p1, mostly at 500 mcg/ml and 1000 mcg/ml. ASSC with rBet v1 and rPhl p1 were positive with a mean concentration of 677 and 533 mcg/ml, respectively. The results of sublingual challenges with rBet v1 and rPhl p1 showed the in vivo cross-reactivity between pollens and foods in patients with OAS, but high concentrations of the recombinant allergens were needed to reproduce oral symptoms, thus explaining the failure of challenges performed with natural extracts, which have concentrations of major allergens lower than 50 mcg/ml. This indicates that sublingual mucosa is much less reactive to allergens than other surfaces, such as skin and nasal mucosa, probably because of its anatomic and immunologic peculiarity.

Immediate Allergic Reactions to β-Lactams: Diagnosis and Therapy

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Romano ◽  
C. Mondino ◽  
M. Viola ◽  
P. Montuschi
Keyword(s):  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms

β-Lactams are the antibiotics which most frequently provoke adverse reactions mediated by specific immunological mechanisms. These reactions, classifiable as immediate or non-immediate, can be produced by the four classes of β-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and monobactams) currently available, which share a common β-lactam ring structure. Immediate reactions occur within the first hour after drug administration and are characterized by urticaria, angioedema, rhinitis, bronchospasm, and anaphylactic shock. Immediate reading skin tests are the quickest and most reliable method for demonstrating the presence of β-lactam specific IgE antibodies. It is crucial to use in diagnosis the suspected β-lactams themselves, particularly cephalosporins, in addition to penicillin determinants. Serum specific IgE assays can be used as complementary tests. Negative test results should be interpreted in light of the time elapsed from the last exposure to the responsible β-lactam. In fact, both in vivo and in vitro test sensitivity is known to decrease over time. In some diagnostic work-ups, patients with a positive history and negative skin and in vitro tests with classic reagents undergo a controlled administration of the suspected β-lactam. The management of immediate allergic reactions should take into consideration their severity and type. Adrenaline is the drug of choice in the treatment of anaphylactic shock. In addition to adrenaline, corticosteroids and antihistamines should be administered. Histamine H1 receptor antagonists are the mainstay of the treatment of immediate allergic reactions such as urticaria, rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

scholarly journals Unraveling Kiwifruit Allergy Diagnosis: Usefulness of the Current Diagnostic Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
CM D’Amelio ◽  
A Bernad ◽  
BE García-Figueroa ◽  
S Garrido-Fernández ◽  
J Azofra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Major Allergen ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Skin Prick Tests ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To determine the usefulness of the in vitro and in vivo methods used in the diagnosis of kiwifruit allergy, focusing on the impact of the seed proteins on their sensitivity. Methods: Skin prick tests (SPTs) using different commercial extracts, homemade pulp and seed extracts, and prick-prick test with kiwifruit were performed on 36 allergic patients. The presence of specific IgE (sIgE) was assessed using ImmunoCAP (kiwifruit extract), ELISA (Act d 1, Act d 2), ISAC and FABER assays. Immunoblotting of seed extract was carried out, and a single blinded oral food challenge with whole seeds was performed in seed-sensitized subjects. Results: The prick prick test with kiwifruit demonstrated the highest diagnostic capacity (81.8% sensitivity and 94.1% specificity) among the in vivo tests. The sIgE levels measured by ImmunoCAP-kiwifruit extract showed a similar sensitivity to that of global ISAC and FABER (63.9%, 59.5% and 58.3%, respectively). Act d 1 was the major allergen, and sensitization to it was associated with positive sIgE to whole kiwifruit extract detected by ImmunoCAP (p <0.000). A positive SPT with kiwifruit seeds was associated with severe symptoms with kiwifruit (p = 0.019) as a marker of an advanced disease, but not with clinically relevant sensitization. The challenge to kiwifruit seeds performed on eight seed-sensitized patients resulted negative. Conclusions: Sensitization to Act d 1 is related to a positive result in conventional diagnostic techniques, whereas kiwifruit seed sensitization.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

A Comparison of the in Vitro and in Vivo Thrombogenic Activity of Factor IX Concentrates Using Stasis (Wessler) and Non-Stasis Rabbit Models

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A E Williams
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Low Activity

SummaryThe thrombogenic effects of selected factor IX concentrates were evaluated in two rabbit models; the Wessler stasis model and a novel non-stasis model. Concentrates active in either the NAPTT or TGt50 in vitro tests of potential thrombogenicity, or both, caused thrombus formation in the Wessler technique and activation of the coagulation system in the non-stasis model. A concentrate with low activity in both in vitro tests did not have thrombogenic effects in vivo, at the chosen dose. Results in the non-stasis model suggested that the thrombogenic effects of factor IX concentrates may occur by at least two mechanisms. A concentrate prepared from platelet-rich plasma and a pyrogenic concentrate were also tested and found to have no thrombogenic effect in vivo.These studies justify the use of the NAPTT and TGt50 in vitro tests for the screening of factor IX concentrates prior to clinical use.

Inhibition of Fibrinolysis and Fibrinogenolysis in Man: Comparison of ε-Aminocaproic Acid and Kallikrein Inhibitor

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Beck ◽  
R Schmutzler ◽  
F Duckert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Kallikrein Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

SummaryInhibitor of kallikrein and trypsin (KI) extracted from bovine parotis was compared with ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA): both substances inhibit fibrinolysis induced with streptokinase. EACA is a strong inhibitor of fibrinolysis in concentrations higher than 0, 1 mg per ml plasma. The same amount and higher concentrations are not able to inhibit completely the proteolytic-side reactions of fibrinolysis (fibrinogenolysis, diminution of factor V, rise of fibrin-polymerization-inhibitors). KI inhibits well proteolysis of plasma components in concentrations higher than 2,5 units per ml plasma. Much higher amounts of KI are needed to inhibit fibrinolysis as demonstrated by our in vivo and in vitro tests.Combination of the two substances for clinical use is suggested. Therapeutic possibilities are discussed.

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