scholarly journals Role of beta1-adrenoreceptors at visual associative cortex in rats of different age in the impact on autonomous regulation of the heart rate ander low atmospheric pressure

ScienceRise ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3 (16)) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Наталія Михайлівна Волкова
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Associative Cortex ◽  
Autonomous Regulation ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The role of m1-cholinergic receptors in associative cortex of young rats in the performing autonomous regulation of heart rate during hypoxic exposure

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Cholinergic Receptors ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Associative Cortex ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure

<p>It is known that human cholinergic transmission in the cerebral cortex required for cognitive and behavioral reactions. However, in the literature there is not enough experimental data on the role of m1‑cholinergic receptors<br />in associative cortex in young rats with incubation in hypoxic environment under conditions of low atmospheric pressure, considering the functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres. The aim of the experiment was to determine the functional consequences of blocking m1‑cholinergic receptors in the associative cortex in young rats with incubation in hypoxic environment under conditions of low atmospheric pressure. Functional consequences of blocking m1‑cholinergic receptors in the associative cortex in young rats with incubation in hypoxic environment under conditions of low atmospheric pressure are different in the case of right-sided and left-sided application of pirenzepin.</p>

scholarly journals Autonomous regulation of heart rate in conditions of blocking the beta 1-adrenergic receptors in associative cortex of young rats with hypoxic exposure

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Associative Cortex ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure

<p>The literature discusses modulation of beta-adrenergic receptors sensitivity of the cerebral cortex under changed<br />conditions for the functioning of the body. However, very little data on the effect of the hypoxic environment to the<br />sensitivity of beta-adrenergic receptors of the cerebral cortex in a young body, which possible to investigate in<br />experiments on rats. The aim of the experiment was to determine the functional consequences of the exclusion of<br />beta1-adrenergic receptors in the associative cortex in young rats after incubation in hypoxic environment under<br />conditions of low atmospheric pressure. Blocking the beta1-adrenergic receptors in young rat’s associative cortex<br />can significantly offset the regulatory effects on heart rate that occurred during incubation in the hypoxic environment<br />under conditions of low atmospheric pressure. Hypoxic effect in young rats resulted in a significant decrease in<br />sensitivity beta1-adrenergic receptors in the associative cortex.</p>

scholarly journals Morning Sympathetic Activity after Evening Binge Alcohol Consumption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mark Greenlund ◽  
Hannah A. Cunningham ◽  
Anne L Tikkanen ◽  
Jeremy A Bigalke ◽  
Carl A Smoot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Total Urine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Binge alcohol consumption elicits acute and robust increases of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), yet the impact of evening binge drinking on morning-after MSNA is unknown. The present study examined the effects of evening binge alcohol consumption on polysomnographic sleep and morning-after MSNA. We hypothesized that evening binge drinking (i.e. 4-5 drink equivalent in <2hrs) would reduce sleep quality and increase morning-after blood pressure (BP) and MSNA. Following a familiarization night within the sleep laboratory, twenty-two participants (12 men, 10 women; 25±1 years) were examined after simulated binge drinking or fluid control (randomized, crossover design). Morning MSNA was successfully recorded across both conditions in 16 participants (8 men, 8 women) during a 10-minute baseline and three Valsalva's maneuvers (VM). Binge drinking reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (15±1 vs. 20±1%; p=0.003), increased stage II sleep (54±1 vs. 51±1%; p=0.002), increased total urine output (2.9±0.2 vs. 2.1±0.1 liters; p<0.001), but did not alter morning-after urine specific gravity. Binge drinking increased morning-after heart rate (65 (54-72) vs. 58 (51-67) beats/min; p=0.013), but not resting BP or MSNA. Binge drinking elicited greater sympathoexcitation during VM (38±3 vs. 43±3 bursts/min, p=0.036). Binge drinking augmented heart rate (p=0.002), systolic BP (p=0.022) and diastolic (p=0.037) BP reactivity to VM phase IV, and blunted cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity during VM phases II (p=0.028) and IV (p=0.043). In conclusion, evening binge alcohol consumption disrupted REM sleep and morning-after autonomic function. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into the potential role of binge drinking on cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Impact of biomass burning emission on total peroxy nitrates: fire plume identification during the BORTAS campaign

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 5591-5606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Aruffo ◽  
Fabio Biancofiore ◽  
Piero Di Carlo ◽  
Marcella Busilacchio ◽  
Marco Verdecchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Peroxy Nitrates ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Total peroxy nitrate ( ∑ PN) concentrations have been measured using a thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) instrument during the BORTAS campaign, which focused on the impact of boreal biomass burning (BB) emissions on air quality in the Northern Hemisphere. The strong correlation observed between the  ∑ PN concentrations and those of carbon monoxide (CO), a well-known pyrogenic tracer, suggests the possible use of the  ∑ PN concentrations as marker of the BB plumes. Two methods for the identification of BB plumes have been applied: (1)  ∑ PN concentrations higher than 6 times the standard deviation above the background and (2)  ∑ PN concentrations higher than the 99th percentile of the  ∑ PNs measured during a background flight (B625); then we compared the percentage of BB plume selected using these methods with the percentage evaluated, applying the approaches usually used in literature. Moreover, adding the pressure threshold ( ∼  750 hPa) as ancillary parameter to  ∑ PNs, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and CO, the BB plume identification is improved. A recurrent artificial neural network (ANN) model was adapted to simulate the concentrations of  ∑ PNs and HCN, including nitrogen oxide (NO), acetonitrile (CH3CN), CO, ozone (O3) and atmospheric pressure as input parameters, to verify the specific role of these input data to better identify BB plumes.

scholarly journals The impact of high and low atmospheric pressure in the Jordanian environment on some physiological variable for runners .

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Baker Thnibat
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Atmospheric Pressure

<p>The study aimed at identifying the impact of difference between the areas of high atmospheric pressure in the Jordanian environment on some physiological variable ( estimating maximal oxygen consumption , estimating rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin ,vital capacity), for runners .</p><p>  The study sample consisted of (16) athletes who practice ( middle and long – distance running). A number of statistical methods were used to answer the questions of the study ( arithmetic means , standard deviations , Mann.Whiteny test ,and the result of Kolmogorov – Smirnov tests ) .</p><p>  The study result concluded that there was apriority for the measurements which were conducted on the training groups of low atmospheric pressure in comparison with the other group, with regard to the  variables (maximal oxygen consumption , rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin). The study result also showed that there was apriority for the measurements which were conducted on the training groups of high  atmospheric pressure in comparison with the other group, regarding  to the  variables (maximal oxygen consumption , rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin).in the areas of high  atmospheric pressure.</p><p>The study result also suggested that ther were no statistically significant differences between two training groups with regard to the study variables of (maximal oxygen consumption , rate of Energy expenditure, and hemoglobin ,vital capacity), were measured in  of high atmospheric pressure areas .</p><p>The study recommended about building sports facilities that simulate the areas of low atmospheric pressure , because of the expected role that the factors would play in improving some physiological variables .</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Biomass Burning emission on total peroxy nitrates: fire plume identification during the BORTAS campaign

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Aruffo ◽  
Fabio Biancofiore ◽  
Piero Di Carlo ◽  
Marcella Busilacchio ◽  
Marco Verdecchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Fire Plume ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Peroxy Nitrates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The total peroxy nitrates (∑PNs) concentrations have been measured using a thermal dissociation laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) instrument during the BORTAS campaign, which focused on the impact of boreal biomass burning emissions on air quality in the Northern hemisphere. The strong correlation observed between the ∑PNs concentrations and those of the carbon monoxide (CO), a well-known pyrogenic tracer, suggests the possible use of the ∑PNs concentrations as marker of the biomass burning (BB) plumes. We applied both statistical and percentile methods to the ∑PNs concentrations, comparing the percentage of BB plume selected using these methods with the percentage evaluated applying the approaches usually used in literature. Moreover, adding the pressure threshold (~ 750 hPa) to ∑PNs, HCN and CO, as ancillary parameter, the BB plume identification is improved. An artificial recurrent neural network (ANN) model was adapted to simulate the concentrations of ∑PNs and the HCN including as input parameters ∑PNs, HCN, CO and atmospheric pressure, to verify the specific role of these input data to better identify BB plumes.

scholarly journals ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ДЛЯ ОЦІНКИ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ РЕАКТИВНОСТІ ОРГАНІЗМУ МОЛОДИХ ЩУРІВ ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІЙ ГІПОКСІЇ

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Functional Feature ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Associative Cortex ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Sympathetic Regulation ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure

<p>Research of adaptation mechanisms in young body to factors such as hypoxic effect is an actual scientific problem. The aim of the experiment was to determine the functional consequences of changes in ion permeability of cell membranes in the associative cortex in young rats ufter incubation at hypoxic environment under conditions of low atmospheric pressure.<br />Incubation of rats in the hypoxic environment under conditions of moderately low atmospheric pressure leads to increased permeability of cell membranes for Na + and Cl- ions at the associative cortex. This is a functional feature of hypoxic damage to membrane structures of nerve tissue that causes compensatory limit the activity of the central contour regulation of heart rate and decrease activity of the sympathetic regulation. Peculiarities in reactivity of young rats exist due to the immaturity of fronto-thalamic brain system.</p>

The impact of atmospheric pressure change and rainfall for triggering landslides during weather events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Pelascini ◽  
Philippe Steer ◽  
Laurent Longuevergne ◽  
Dimitri Lague
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Landslide Triggering

&lt;p&gt;Landslides are a complex phenomenon which triggering depends on both intrinsic properties of soils and rocks and external influences such as the action of weather conditions, or earthquakes. Around 6,000 landslides failed the 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; of September 2018 during the Mw 6.6 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake (Japan), one day after the typhoon Jebi hit the region. If the ground acceleration induced by the seismic waves likely played a major role in the triggering of these landslides, it is unclear how it compares to the respective role of rainfall and atmospheric pressure drop induced by the typhoon. The aim of this work is therefore to investigate the influence of weather conditions on landslide triggering, and more specifically to characterize the relative contributions of rainfall and atmospheric pressure changes on slope stability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For this purpose, a simple model is developed to describe the two mechanisms and to compare their respective impact on slope stability. The model considers a homogeneous isotropic tilted infinite half-space in one dimension. Slope stability is estimated using a safety factor and a Mohr-Coulomb criterion. In the static case, groundwater is accounted for by adding an unconfined aquifer into the model. Analytical models based on diffusion equations have been used to describe the impact of rainfall and atmospheric pressure changes on slope stability (Iverson, 2000; Schulz, 2009). Extracting a response function from these models allows us to compute the stability change due to any rainfall or pressure time series. The model parameters are taken for a typical slope in Taiwan tilted with a 25&amp;#176; angle and with characteristics of a fully saturated loamy soil at 4 m depth and put under conditions similar to the Morakot typhoon, with more than 240 mm of rain on a 24 h period and an associate atmospheric pressure drop of 4 kPa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Atmospheric pressure change and rainfall impacts the media in a very different way despite being associated to the same physical phenomenon, pressure diffusion. The atmospheric effect is instantaneous and directly affects the effective stress with a maximum of 4 kPa. This effect decreases over time while the pore pressure is adjusted to the atmosphere. The rainfall effect is delayed in time but has a greater impact on the effective stress, reaching 11.7 kPa almost 2 days after the end of the rainfall event. While atmospheric pressure does not change significantly the safety factor, it can exacerbate the effect of rainfall and advance the failure in time because of the respective temporal lag between the 2 processes. &amp;#160;Therefore, this study may lead to a better understanding of the effect of weather events such as typhoons on landslide triggering and slope stability. Our results call for revisiting in a more systematic approach the role of atmospheric pressure change on landslide triggering during extreme weather events. Because a 1D model may hide some effects associated to hillslope geometry, we then consider 2D numerical models which allow us to offer some first insights on slope stability during weather events, accounting for topography.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Adaptations and responses of the common dandelion to low atmospheric pressure in high altitude environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla C. M. Arce ◽  
Zoe Bont ◽  
Ricardo A. R. Machado ◽  
Paulo F. Cristaldo ◽  
Matthias Erb
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Low Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phenotypic Responses

AbstractAtmospheric pressure is an important, yet understudied factor that may shape plant ecology and evolution. By growing plants under controlled conditions at different experimental stations in the Swiss alps, we evaluated the impact of ecologically realistic atmospheric pressures between 660 and 950 hPa on the growth and defence of different dandelion populations. Low atmospheric pressure was associated with reduced root growth and defensive sesquiterpene lactone production. Defense suppression only occurred in populations originating from lower altitudes. Populations from higher altitudes constitutively produced less sesquiterpene lactones and did not suffer from suppression under low atmospheric pressure. We conclude that atmospheric pressure modulates root growth and defence traits, and that evolutionary history shapes plant phenotypic responses to atmospheric pressure. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of altitudinal gradients and the future use of plants as a source of food and bioactive metabolites in extraterrestrial habitats.

scholarly journals Low Temperature and Low UV Indexes Correlated with Peaks of Influenza Virus Activity in Northern Europe during 2010–2018

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ianevski ◽  
Eva Zusinaite ◽  
Nastassia Shtaida ◽  
Hannimari Kallio-Kokko ◽  
Miia Valkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks ◽  
The Impact

With the increasing pace of global warming, it is important to understand the role of meteorological factors in influenza virus (IV) epidemics. In this study, we investigated the impact of temperature, UV index, humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation on IV activity in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during 2010–2018. Both correlation and machine learning analyses revealed that low temperature and UV indexes were the most predictive meteorological factors for IV epidemics in Northern Europe. Our in vitro experiments confirmed that low temperature and UV radiation preserved IV infectivity. Associations between these meteorological factors and IV activity could improve surveillance and promote development of accurate predictive models for future influenza outbreaks in the region.

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