scholarly journals About improvement of environmental protection measures system in landfills of Russia with taking into account the possibility of biogas utilization

2019 ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
Alexey Cheremisin ◽  
Michail Fiodorov
Keyword(s):  
Waste Processing ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Waste Accumulation

Continual growth of waste accumulation volumes, in particular, of solid domestic waste (SDW), causes a great many of environmental and economical problems such as, environmental (soil, groundwater and air) pollution, alienation of lands, alteration of landscape, growing expenses for construction of new waste processing plants and reconstruction of existing ones, etc. These are the actual problems in the cities and settlements of Russia and many other countries. The most part of SOW generated in Russia (97 %) is removed to the dumps and landfills and only 3 % is treated in waste processing plants. So, main attention should be concentrated on all the reduction of waste amount removed to the landfills which may be reached by means of development of environmental friendly wasteless or little waste technologies, in particular recycling systems introduction (organization of separate waste collection in situ, subsequent utilization of each useful SDW morphological components) and new waste processing plants construction. It should also take care of unauthorized dumps elimination, improving environmental conditions around the landfills, and engineering infrastructure safety provision. Besides, SDW consisting of organic materials for 50-80% may be considered as important additional source of energy. In particular, as to landfills, it is the power ofbiogas, which may be used for heating, electricity generation and several another purposes. The main expenses for biogas utilization are to extract, dry up and transport.

In-situ emission characteristics of odorous gases from two food waste processing plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Xiaoqin Nie ◽  
Rundong Li ◽  
Minying Song
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Processing Plants

SANITARY-HYGIENIC DISTINCTIONS OF THE APPLICATION OF PROBIOTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SOLID DOMESTIC WASTE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (69) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
V.V. Stankevych ◽  
◽  
I.O. Teteniova ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste

Contaminant migration from sanitary landfill leachate through soil monoliths

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdelinka Radenkova-Yaneva ◽  
Emilia Kostakeva ◽  
Dimiter Toshev
Keyword(s):  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Contaminant Migration ◽  
Clay Liners ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Sanitary Landfills ◽  
Sanitary Landfill Leachate

It is well known that the leachates from solid domestic waste sanitary landfills are heavily polluted with organic and inorganic substances. As they are of a potential danger for the environment, their uncontrolled seepage is avoided in the modern sanitary landfills by means of suitable insulation. This is mostly made of natural materials with a low filtration coefficient. The present paper considers the results of the filtration characteristics, studying natural clayey soil model liners. The leachate contaminants distribution from the sanitary landfill in Sofia (Suhodol) is traced out in different liner depths. The mechanism of pollutant attenuation in the liners is considered. It is found that a part of the leachate components (Fe, Mn, SO42−, PO43−) stays in clayey liners. Besides, as a result of pore colmatation the permeability of the liners is decreased. It is shown that soil monoliths with a proper thickness might serve as a sufficiently safe barrier against leachate filtration in adjacent aquifers. On the base of the results obtained the thickness of the clay liners in the solid domestic waste sanitary landfills could be optimized.

scholarly journals Exploring the atmospheric chemistry of nitrous acid (HONO) at a rural site in Southern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1497-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
T. Brauers ◽  
R. Häseler ◽  
B. Bohn ◽  
H. Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Photolysis Frequency ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract. We performed measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) during the PRIDE-PRD2006 campaign in the Pearl River Delta region 60 km north of Guangzhou, China, for 4 weeks in June 2006. HONO was measured by a LOPAP in-situ instrument which was setup in one of the campaign supersites along with a variety of instruments measuring hydroxyl radicals, trace gases, aerosols, and meteorological parameters. Maximum diurnal HONO mixing ratios of 1–5 ppb were observed during the nights. We found that the nighttime build-up of HONO can be attributed to the heterogeneous NO2 to HONO conversion on ground surfaces and the OH + NO reaction. In addition to elevated nighttime mixing ratios, measured noontime values of ≈200 ppt indicate the existence of a daytime source higher than the OH + NO→HONO reaction. Using the simultaneously recorded OH, NO, and HONO photolysis frequency, a daytime additional source strength of HONO (PM) was calculated to be 0.77 ppb h−1 on average. This value compares well to previous measurements in other environments. Our analysis of PM provides evidence that the photolysis of HNO3 adsorbed on ground surfaces contributes to the HONO formation.

Intangible Cultural Property, Tangible Databases, Visible Debates: The Sawau Project

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Carlo Pigliasco
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Collaborative Tool ◽  
Digital Documentation ◽  
Pacific Island Countries

AbstractIntellectual property claims have long been sustained in a way that is now under severe scrutiny. Pacific Island countries continue to face unauthorized uses of their traditional knowledge and practices. In response, international agencies in collaboration with Pacific Island countries are promoting sui generis forms of protection. The Institute of Fijian Language and Culture's Cultural Mapping Programme looks beyond ongoing debates about indigenous collection and digitization of intangible heritage to promote sui generis protection measures in lieu of western intellectual property law. Supported by an Institute grant, the unfolding Sawau Project creates an archive of sites, stories, and shared memories of the Sawau people of Beqa, an island iconic in Fiji for its firewalking practice (vilavilairevo). Advocating a form of social intervention in situ, The Sawau Project has become a collaborative tool to encourage digital documentation, linkages, and institutional collaborations among Fijian communities and their allies to negotiate and promote alternative forms of protection.

scholarly journals Development of hardware-software complex for adaptive sorting of solid domestic waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirilenko Vladimir
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous System ◽  
Object Class ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Adaptive Sorting

Abstract This project presents an autonomous system that allows to classify various solid garbage as well as to control a manipulator-sorter of the waste. Sorting is performed on the basis of material, shape, or specific object class. The development was focused on the system adaptability and acceleration of training, which allows the system to adapt changes in incoming waste.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE SOLID DOMESTIC WASTE LANDFILLS OF TURKISTAN OBLAST

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (437) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Gaukhar Askerovna Sainova ◽  
◽  
Moldir Orazalievna Baikhamurova ◽  
Amankul Dzhakanovna Akbasova ◽  
Zhanar Zheniskizi Yessenbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Gas Emissions

FEATURES OF HANDLING SOLID DOMESTIC WASTE IN RURAL AREA (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE BAYKIVTSI UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF TERNOPIL REGION)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Lyubov Yankovs'ka ◽  
Svitlana Novyts'ka ◽  
Alina Tsidylo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Window Glass ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Sort It ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Ecological Culture

The volume and structure of solid domestic waste in Ternopil region are analyzed. Our research in the Baikivtsi Utc proves that community residents dump less organic waste in containers (about 20%, which is twice less than in the regional center) because they can compost food waste using it as fertilizer for personal use plots (gardens). The volumes of organic waste fluctuate significantly throughout the year: the largest amount of them ends up in containers from May to September. The community residents throw out the least of organic waste in winter. One of the reasons is that there is a gradual replacement of last year's harvest with a new one. The habitants of the Baikivtsi Utc throw more paper away during the warmer months. The following types of paper prevail: offset - 33%, newsprint - 29%, coated - 4%, cardboard - 12%, designer - 5%, packaging - 16%, self-adhesive - 1%. In winter, most of the paper is burned to heat buildings. Among the scrap are mostly cans and metal lids (from bottles and cans). Ferrous metal almost never gets into containers due to the fact that it is profitable to sort it out and there are no problems to hand over scrap metal, since scrap collectors often come to the villages and offer quite decent price for it (therefore, there is no need to waste time transporting the metal). The plastic waste of the community includes plastic bottles from water, oil, household chemicals, canisters, plastic bags and ets. Among the various types of plastic: Polyethylene terephthalate or PET - 17%; high-density polyethylene (HDPE) - 29%; polyvinyl chloride or PVC - 4%; low density polyethylene (LDPE) - 34%; polypropylene, PP or PE - 8%; polystyrene, PS - 6% and other - 2%. The research showed that the following types of glass prevail in the structure of the cullet of the Baikivtsi community: window glass - 8%, technical glass - 3%, Plexiglas - 5%, triplex - 3%, glass from chemicals - 1%, ceramics - 10%, bottles - 70 % The survey showed that only 3% of the community's residents completely sort garbage, about 80% of them sort it partially, and almost 20% do not sort waste at all (and 12% of them plan to do it in the future). The reasons for the low level of waste sorting are not surprising, since, in addition to the low level of environmental awareness of the residents, there no proper conditions for sorting solid waste. The environmental advantages of sorting and recycling solid domestic waste were evaluated. In particular, the volumes of biogas that can be formed from the annual volumes of solid waste accumulation in the Baikivtsi united territorial community of Ternopil region, as well as the assessment of the environmental efficiency of recycling waste paper, plastic, glass were calculated. The cost of the Baikivtsi Utc solid waste as a secondary material resource will amount to UAH 2,051,943 per year, which can be a significant profit for the community. Key words: solid domestic waste, united territorial community, sorting, utilization, recycling ecological culture.

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