recycling systems
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Author(s):  
Michael Martin ◽  
Sjoerd Herlaar ◽  
Aiden Jönsson ◽  
David Lazarevic

AbstractIn the craft brewing industry, kegging solutions have changed dramatically in recent years. While steel kegs once dominated the draught beer market, single-use plastic kegs have increased in popularity due to their convenience, especially in the craft brewing sector. With the increasing importance of the circular economy and the introduction of policies in Europe to move away from single-use plastic systems, this study aims to assess and compare the sustainability of conventional steel and single-use plastic kegs. The environmental and economic performance are assessed through life cycle assessment and life cycle costing approaches. The results suggest that steel kegs have better environmental performance and life cycle costs. However, these are limited to the local markets, and with larger distances, plastic kegs may become the better option due to their lower weight, suggesting that both kegs are useful in certain situations. This is especially important in countries that have long distances between breweries and their markets. The importance of extending the lifetime of the keg fleet is also highlighted to improve the environmental performance as the results are influenced by the assumption on the lifetime of the steel kegs. To improve the environmental performance of plastic kegs, efficient closed-loop recycling systems should be developed. Careful decision-making is needed to ensure that more sustainable packaging options are chosen for draught beer and that sustainability aspects be taken into account beyond convenience.


Author(s):  
Elena Subbotina ◽  
Céline Montanari ◽  
Peter Olsén ◽  
Lars A Berglund

Design of nanocellulose-based composite materials suitable for selective disintegration, recovery and recycling of individual components is of great scientific and technical interest. Cellulose nanofiber/epoxy (CNF/EP) composites are candidate bio-based substitutes...


2022 ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Huynh Thi Dan Xuan ◽  
Tien Dung Khong ◽  
Huynh Viet Khai

This chapter is aimed at providing new insights into the perception and determinants of municipal solid waste behaviour. A quantitative data set was obtained and analyzed by directly interviewing 579 urban households in in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta stratified by urban-type level. Binary Probit model and OLS regression indicate the significant influences of urbanization level, organization membership, the concern to environmental status, and education level of households. Finally, results reveal that the municipal solid waste recycling level can be significantly increased by motivating urban households' incentives; therefore, policymakers in Vietnam as well as in developing countries should also provide more incentive to households by subsidizing the recycled materials (i.e., paper and unusable metal) and well-managed informal recycling systems including itinerant waste buyers.


Author(s):  
Poonam Bhanudas Abhale

Abstract: Character recognition is a process by which a computer recognizes letters, figures, or symbols and turns them into a digital form that a computer can use. In moment’s terrain character recognition has gained a lot of attention in the field of pattern recognition. Handwritten character recognition is useful in cheque processing in banks, form recycling systems, and numerous further. Character recognition is one of the well- liked and grueling areas of exploration. In the unborn character recognition produce a paperless terrain. In this paper, we describe the detailed study of the being system for handwritten character recognition. We give a literature review on colorful ways used in offline English character recognition. Keywords: Character; Character recognition; Preprocessing; Segmentation; Point birth; Bracket; neural network; Convolution neural network.


Author(s):  
Jiawen Zhang ◽  
Toru Matsumoto

With the acceleration of economic development and urbanization in China, sewage sludge generation has sharply increased. To maximize energy regeneration and resource recovery, it is crucial to analyze the environmental impact and sustainability of different sewage sludge recycling systems based on life cycle assessment. This study analyzed four sewage sludge recycling systems in China through life cycle assessment using the ReCipe method, namely aerobic composting, anaerobic digestion and biomass utilization, incineration, and heat utilization and using for building materials. In particular, the key pollution processes and pollutants in sewage sludge recycling systems were analyzed. The results demonstrated that aerobic composting is the most environmentally optimal scenario for reducing emissions and energy consumption. The lowest environmental impact and operating costs were achieved by making bricks and using them as building materials; this was the optimal scenario for sludge treatment and recycling. In contrast, incineration and heat utilization had the highest impact on health and marine toxicity. Anaerobic digestion and biomass utilization had the highest impact on climate change, terrestrial acidification, photochemical oxidant formation, and particulate matter formation. In the future, policy designers should prioritize building material creation for sludge treatment and recycling.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huige Chen ◽  
Hangyu Chen ◽  
Kechi Chen ◽  
Xinda Wu ◽  
Wanyu Zheng ◽  
...  

Under environmentally friendly and environmental issues, wastewater treatment in laboratories and factories is an important international issue. Among them, wastewater from the chemical industry accounts for a large part of industrial wastewater discharge. The introduction of new technologies to treat chemical wastewater is of great significance. In particular, the amount of wastewater produced by inorganic chemistry experiments is relatively large, and the pollutants are mostly heavy metal salts. According to the characteristics of inorganic chemistry experimental wastewater, such as special nature, small amount, strong discontinuity, high hazard, complex and changeable composition, etc., design a chemical reaction to provide a practical and feasible method to treat wastewater with high efficiency and low cost. This research initially takes Ni+ metal ion waste liquid as the first stage of recycling and treatment to improve the traditional low-concentration non-economic treatment. The preliminary results of this research are neutralization reaction and optimal pH value control of Ni+ waste liquid to generate Ni+ precursors to increase the economic value of recycling will be the basis for providing in-house recycling systems for electroplating plants, panel plants, and semiconductor plants to achieve emission reduction, green chemical industry and green environmental protection.


BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 8640-8656
Author(s):  
Yudong Fu ◽  
Jiangang Zhu

With the rapid advancement of online food delivery and takeaway markets, the use of disposable chopsticks has exponentially increased in China, resulting in the reduction of forest resources and the generation of large amounts of chopstick waste. This review summarizes a variety of methods to produce eco-friendly chopsticks with the aim of enabling a second life cycle for chopstick waste. The related practical recycling systems and policies based on government experience in developed regions are proposed. Furthermore, perspectives with regard to the future development of waste chopsticks recycling systems are also discussed.


Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ethan M. Bennett ◽  
Paschalis Alexandridis

Approximately 300 million tons of plastic waste is generated per year. The major portion of this plastic waste is landfilled, while part of it leaks into the environment. When plastic waste enters the terrestrial or aqueous environment, it can have negative impacts on ecosystems, human health, and wildlife. Increasing the amount of plastic waste that is recycled will correspondingly reduce the amount of plastic waste that enters the environment. By educating the public and industry on plastic recycling, current recycling programs can be used more efficiently, and new programs can be created. Education material on plastic recycling is available through professional and industry associations, foundations with an environmental focus, university courses, and short courses offered with private companies. This review assembles and analyzes the current education material on plastic recycling that is available from these providers. The material compiled here can be used to gain insight into specific plastic recycling-related topics, to identify areas of recycling education that can be improved, and as a resource to help build university level courses. There is currently a dearth of plastic recycling courses offered at the university level. Educating more students on plastic recycling will equip them with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions as consumers, and to implement plastic recycling systems at the professional level.


BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 8640-8656
Author(s):  
Yudong Fu ◽  
Jiangang Zhu

With the rapid advancement of online food delivery and takeaway markets, the use of disposable chopsticks has exponentially increased in China, resulting in the reduction of forest resources and the generation of large amounts of chopstick waste. This review summarizes a variety of methods to produce eco-friendly chopsticks with the aim of enabling a second life cycle for chopstick waste. The related practical recycling systems and policies based on government experience in developed regions are proposed. Furthermore, perspectives with regard to the future development of waste chopsticks recycling systems are also discussed.


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