scholarly journals Development of the Spectroscopic Observation System using a Small Telescope

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
양종우 ◽  
Kim Hee Soo
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Observation ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Small Telescope

Review of How to establish a behavior observation system.

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-444
Author(s):  
LEONARD KRASNER
Keyword(s):  
Observation System ◽  
Behavior Observation

Motion Estimation byUsing Stereo Vision Analysis For Underwater Observation System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masyhuri Husna Binti Mazlan ◽  
Morisawa Daisuke ◽  
Koike Yoshikazu ◽  
Shimizu Junji ◽  
Enomoto Eriko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Stereo Vision ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Underwater Observation

Analysis of the horizontal structure of a measurement and control geodetic network based on entropy

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mrówczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Geodetic Network ◽  
The State ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

Abstract The paper attempts to determine an optimum structure of a directional measurement and control network intended for investigating horizontal displacements. For this purpose it uses the notion of entropy as a logarithmical measure of probability of the state of a particular observation system. An optimum number of observations results from the difference of the entropy of the vector of parameters ΔHX̂ (x)corresponding to one extra observation. An increment of entropy interpreted as an increment of the amount of information about the state of the system determines the adoption or rejection of another extra observation to be carried out.

scholarly journals Estimation of bulk permittivity of the Moon’s surface using Lunar Radar Sounder on-board Selenological and Engineering Explorer

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keigo Hongo ◽  
Hiroaki Toh ◽  
Atsushi Kumamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Titanium Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Observation ◽  
Lunar Rock ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mare Serenitatis ◽  
Radar Sounder ◽  
Lunar Maria ◽  
Regolith Layer

Abstract Site-dependent bulk permittivities of the lunar uppermost media with thicknesses of tens to hundreds meters were estimated based on the data from Lunar Radar Sounder onboard the Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE). It succeeded in sounding almost all over the Moon’s surface in a frequency range around 5 MHz to detect subsurface reflectors beneath several lunar maria. However, it is necessary to estimate the permittivity of the surface regolith of the Moon in order to determine the actual depths to those reflectors instead of apparent depths assuming a speed of light in the vacuum. In this study, we determined site-dependent bulk permittivities by two-layer models consisting of a surface regolith layer over a half-space with uniform, but different physical properties from the layer above. Those models consider the electrical conductivity as well as the permittivity, whose trade-off was resolved by utilizing the correlation between iron–titanium content and measured physical properties of lunar rock samples. Distribution of the iron–titanium content on the Moon’s surface had already been derived by spectroscopic observation from SELENE as well. Four lunar maria, Mare Serenitatis, Oceanus Procellarum, Mare Imbrium, and Mare Crisium, were selected as regions of evident reflectors, where we estimated the following four physical properties of each layer, i.e., bulk permittivity, porosity, loss tangent and electrical conductivity to conclude the actual depths of the reflectors are approximately 200 m on average. The bulk permittivity ranges from 2.96 at Mare Imbrium to 6.37 at Oceanus Procellarum, whereas the porosity takes the values between 1.8 and 41.1% in the respective maria. It was found that although the bulk permittivity of the four lunar maria differs from a mare to a mare, it shows a good correlation with their composition, viz., their iron–titanium content.

scholarly journals Adaptive Stochastic Filtration Based on the Estimation of the Covariance Matrix of Measurement Noises Using Irregular Accurate Observations

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sergey Sokolov ◽  
Arthur Novikov ◽  
Marianna Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Covariance Matrix ◽  
Adaptive Estimation ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Mobile Object ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Traditional Scheme ◽  
Adaptive Filtration ◽  
Measurement Noises

In measurement systems operating under various disturbances the probabilistic characteristics of measurement noises are usually known approximately. To improve the observation accuracy, a new approach to the Kalman’s filter adaptation is proposed. In this approach, the Covariance Matrix of Measurement Noises (CMMN) is estimated by accurate measurements detected irregularly by the mobile object observation system (from radiofrequency identifiers, etalon reference, fixed points etc.). The problem of adaptive estimation of the observer’s noises covariance matrix in the Kalman filter is solved analytically for two cases: mutual noises correlation, and its absence. The numerical example for adaptive filtration of complexing navigation system parameters of a mobile object using irregular accurate measurements is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Coordinate estimating errors have changed in comparison with the traditional scheme from 100 m to 2 m in latitude, and from 200 m to 1.5 m in longitude.

scholarly journals Pelagic deep-sea fauna observed on video transects in the southern Norwegian Sea

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Neitzel ◽  
Aino Hosia ◽  
Uwe Piatkowski ◽  
Henk-Jan Hoving
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Observation System ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Oceanic Food Webs ◽  
Deep Sea Fauna

AbstractObservations of the diversity, distribution and abundance of pelagic fauna are absent for many ocean regions in the Atlantic, but baseline data are required to detect changes in communities as a result of climate change. Gelatinous fauna are increasingly recognized as vital players in oceanic food webs, but sampling these delicate organisms in nets is challenging. Underwater (in situ) observations have provided unprecedented insights into mesopelagic communities in particular for abundance and distribution of gelatinous fauna. In September 2018, we performed horizontal video transects (50–1200 m) using the pelagic in situ observation system during a research cruise in the southern Norwegian Sea. Annotation of the video recordings resulted in 12 abundant and 7 rare taxa. Chaetognaths, the trachymedusaAglantha digitaleand appendicularians were the three most abundant taxa. The high numbers of fishes and crustaceans in the upper 100 m was likely the result of vertical migration. Gelatinous zooplankton included ctenophores (lobate ctenophores,Beroespp.,Euplokamissp., and an undescribed cydippid) as well as calycophoran and physonect siphonophores. We discuss the distributions of these fauna, some of which represent the first record for the Norwegian Sea.

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