An Optimum Structure of Scalable Capacitors in 3D Crosspoint Memory Technology

Memory chips need large capacitors in their periphery to drive boosted word-lines and bit-lines for read and write operations. In a previous work, scalable capacitors were proposed for 3D crosspoint memory to keep the area for the capacitors constant over technology generations. This paper proposes the capacitance models of three types of wiring capacitors: (1) vertical capacitor, (2) vertical and horizontal capacitor with next-neighbor wires connected with the other terminal, and (3) vertical and horizontal capacitor with next-neighbor pairs connected with the other terminal. These models are based on Wong’s crossover capacitor model to determine the capacitor structure with the highest capacitance density in 3D crosspoint memory technology. One can determine the best structure through optimizing the process parameters such as the height H of the insulation material between the metal wires and the thickness T of the metal wires and the design rules such as the width W and space S of metal wires. The model accuracy was in good agreement with the measurement of twelve types of capacitor structures fabricated in a 180 nm 6 metal standard CMOS process with the maximum error of 20%. Contour plots of the capacitance density across H vs. S where it is assumed that W = T = S are shown. As a result, the boundary condition regarding H and S is determined per 3D crosspoint memory technology with three, four, or five levels of wires.

Development of Tribo-Electroceutical Fabrics for Potential Application in Self-sanitizing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Attachment of microbial bodies including coronavirus on the surface of personal protective equipment (PPE) is found to be potential threat of spreading infection. Here, we report the development of a novel tribo-electroceutical fabric (TECF) consisting of commonly available materials namely Nylon, and Silicone Rubber (SR) for the fabrication of protective gloves on Nitrile platform, as a model wearable PPE. A small triboelectric device (2 cm × 2 cm) consisting of SR and Nylon on Nitrile can generate more than 20 volt transient or 41 µW output power, which is capable of charging a capacitor up to 65 V in only ∼50 sec. The novelty of the present work relies on the TECF led anti-microbial activity through the generation of an electric current in saline water. The fabrication of TECF based functional prototype gloves can generate hypochlorite ions through the formation of electrolysed water upon rubbing them with saline water. Further a computational modelling has been employed to reveal the optimum structure and mechanistic pathway of anti-microbial hypochlorite generation. Detailed anti-microbial assays have been performed to establish effectiveness of such TECF based gloves to reduce the risk from life threatening pathogen spreading. The present work provides the rationale to consider the studied TECF, or other material with comparable properties, as material of choice for the development of self-sanitizing PPE in the fight against microbial infections including COVID-19.

Combustion Turbulence Flow in Trapped Vortex Combustor with Guide Vane and Blunt Body

Numerical calculation was conducted to obtain the optimum structure parameters of the trapped vortex combustor (TVC) with the guide vane and blunt body. The results show that the optimum structure parameters of the guide vane are a/Hf=0.5, b/Li=0.2, and c/L=0.1, and the optimum structure parameters of blunt body are S/L=0.7, L2/L=0.1, and L1/Li=0.25. Then, the influence of different inlet conditions on the combustion turbulence flow was studied. The results show that high inlet temperature and low inlet velocity can effectively reduce total pressure loss; the equivalence ratio has little effect on total pressure loss. The study of unsteady flow shows that double vortices undergo the process of preliminarily forming-breaking down-forming again-being stable gradually.

Optimum Structure-Based Multi-level Inverter with Doubling Circuit Configuration

A single-phase cascaded generalized doubling circuit-based multi-level inverter configuration is presented that can generate maximum number of output voltage levels by distributing the total asymmetrical input DC link voltage among the cells using minimum number of power switches. A cell consists of [Formula: see text] numbers of sub-cells each having two DC voltage sources connected in series along with a half-bridge circuit and a polarity reversal unit. Moreover, an optimum structure of novel proposed MLI is presented and well described in the paper. A laboratory prototype of proposed 15-level MLI is developed and the experimental results are found at par with the simulation results. The experimental results are captured for different modulation indices to show the effectiveness of the proposed MLI that can be used for Photovoltaic (PV) applications.

Development of Motor Brake System for Explosion-Proof Elevator

Recently, we are using explosion-proof elevators not only in industrial areas where there is a risk of gas leakage, but also in poor atmospheric conditions. Therefore, there is an increasing need for development an explosion-proof elevator with more safety. Therefore, this study developed an electric motor brake with high possibility of arc in the elevator parts as an explosion - proof type. For this purpose, we analyzed patented technology of elevator and patent of explosion proof technology. Based on the results, we developed an electric motor brake for an explosion-proof elevator. The technology also focuses on improving the housing and solenoid of the brakes and shows improved explosion protection compared to conventional brakes. As a result of analyzing the patent of the explosion proof technology, it was analyzed that the frame proof enclosure of the brake of the explosion type elevator is effective. The housing of the electromagnetic brake for the explosion-proof elevator was analyzed to be the most preferable structure with the explosion proof structure. Based on the above analysis, this paper defined the locking mechanism of the brakes and design the stable structure of the brakes. In this study, the optimum structure of the electromagnetic brake for the explosion proof elevator was found to be the explosion proof structure, and the existing elevator explosion proof technology focused only on the structure of the switch was extended to improve the explosion proofing function by improving the housing

The use of evolutionary algorithms for designing an optimum structure of a geodesic measurement and control network

The paper presents an attempt to determine an optimum structure of a geodesic measurement and control network used for geodesic monitoring to determine horizontal displacements of buildings. In geodesy, horizontal networks can be used to determine terrain deformations as well as displacements of engineering structures (dams, water reservoirs, open-cast mines). The network subjected to analysis is a directional network. In order to find a correct solution, its structure should include so-called supernumerary observations. An adequate number of observations should be carried out in the network to obtain a solution with reliable values of horizontal displacements. Moreover, the way in which the observations are carried out and their number should make it possible to show changes taking place in the object and meet the economic criteria of geodesic measurements. In order to optimize the structure of a geodesic measurement and control network, information entropy and evolutionary algorithms are used in the paper. Information entropy is a logarithmic measure of probability, and an optimum number of observations carried out in the network depends on the increment of the content of information in the observation system. Evolutionary algorithms were developed in the 1980s, and they are currently very popular and widely used. Their main principle is based on the evolution or behaviour of the best adapted individuals in subsequent computational cycles.