scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of a 1,000 mg Disintegrating Aspirin Tablet Formulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Forder S ◽  
Voelker M
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Tablet Strength ◽  
Tablet Disintegration ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
New Formulation

Migraine is a global disorder and considerably affecting people`s quality of life. Treatments include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-containing medicinal products among whom acetylsalicylic acid-containing Aspirin® has been proven effectively to relief migraine headache. Early treatment is recommended for patients with migraine attacks. A requirement for early onset of action includes tablet disintegration and consequent active ingredient dissolution and absorption. The bioavailability of a new quickly disintegrating 1,000 mg aspirin formulation has been investigated in a bioequivalence study versus a marketed Aspirin® formulation with clinically demonstrated early onset of action. The new formulation has a tablet strength (1,000 mg) and time to maximum plasma concentration (mean 21.6 minutes) providing upside for people requiring treatment of migraine headache

scholarly journals Optimization of the Factors Affecting the Absorption of Vardenafil from Oral Disintegrating Tablets: A Clinical Pharmacokinetic Investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hytham Al-Gethmy ◽  
Usama Fahmy ◽  
Nabil Alhakamy ◽  
Osama Ahmed ◽  
Khalid El-Say
Keyword(s):  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lower Solubility

Because of lower solubility and considerable metabolism, vardenafil (VRD) bioavailability is 15 %. To get over this obstacle, this study aimed to increase the solubility, hasten the onset of action, and mask the unpleasant taste of VRD utilizing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and formulation of the inclusion complex as oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs). The solubility of the obtained complexes in various ratios has been studied. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to investigate the influence of excipients on the quality of ODTs. The solubility of VRD was improved at 1:2 drug: β-CD ratio. The formulated VRD-ODTs exhibited satisfying results regarding the hardness and disintegration time. In addition, in vivo taste masking and disintegration time showed improved results, after placing the tablets in the oral cavity of the healthy volunteers. The pharmacokinetic parameters for the optimized VRD–ODTs exhibited a significant improvement with P < 0.05 in the maximum plasma concentration and reduction in the time needed to reach this concentration when compared with the marketed tablets. Finally, the optimized VRD-ODTs exhibited increased oral absorption of VRD and subsequent decreasing the time of onset of clinical effect and masking the unpleasant taste, which is favored for patients with erectile dysfunction.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Factors Affecting the Absorption of Vardenafil from Oral Disintegrating Tablets: A Clinical Pharmacokinetic Investigation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hytham A. Al-Gethmy ◽  
Usama A. Fahmy ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
Osama A. A. Ahmed ◽  
Khalid M. El-Say
Keyword(s):  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Subsequent Decrease

Because of poor solubility and considerable metabolism, vardenafil (VRD) bioavailability is 15%. To overcome this obstacle, this study aimed to increase the solubility, hasten the onset of action, and mask the unpleasant taste of VRD utilizing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and formulation of the inclusion complex as oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs). The solubility of the obtained complexes in various ratios has been studied. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to investigate the influence of excipients on the quality of ODTs. The solubility of VRD was improved at 1:2 drug:β-CD ratio. The formulated VRD-ODTs exhibited satisfying results regarding the hardness and disintegration time. In addition, in vivo taste masking and disintegration time showed improved results, after placing the tablets in the oral cavity of the healthy volunteers. When compared with the marketed tablets, the pharmacokinetic parameters for the optimized VRD-ODTs exhibited a significant improvement with p < 0.05 in the maximum plasma concentration and reduction in the time needed to reach this concentration. Finally, the optimized VRD-ODTs exhibited increased oral absorption of VRD and subsequent decrease in the time of onset of clinical effect and masking the unpleasant taste.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Review of Knee Osteoarthritis Pharmacological Treatment and the Latest Professional Societies’ Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Dragan Primorac ◽  
Vilim Molnar ◽  
Vid Matišić ◽  
Damir Hudetz ◽  
Željko Jeleč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Therapy Options ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Right

Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal progressive disease, with the knee as the most commonly affected joint in the human body. While several new medications are still under research, many symptomatic therapy options, such as analgesics (opioid and non-opioid), nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, symptomatic slow-acting drugs in osteoarthritis, and preparations for topical administration, are being used, with a diverse clinical response and inconsistent conclusions across various professional societies guidelines. The concept of pharmacogenomic-guided therapy, which lies on principles of the right medication for the right patient in the right dose at the right time, can significantly increase the patient’s response to symptom relief therapy in knee osteoarthritis. Corticosteroid intra-articular injections and hyaluronic acid injections provoke numerous discussions and disagreements among different guidelines, even though they are currently used in daily clinical practice. Biological options, such as platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cell injections, have shown good results in the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms, greatly increasing the patient’s quality of life, especially when combined with other therapeutic options. Non-inclusion of the latter therapies in the guidelines, and their inconsistent stance on numerous therapy options, requires larger and well-designed studies to examine the true effects of these therapies and update the existing guidelines.

scholarly journals Characteristics associated with clinical response to Comano thermal spring water balneotherapy in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Geat ◽  
Mattia Giovannini ◽  
Ezio Gabriele Barlocco ◽  
Riccardo Pertile ◽  
Stefania Farina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Thermal Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Thermal Spring Water

Abstract Background Several studies have investigated the efficacy of balneotherapy in atopic dermatitis (AD), including a pediatric open randomized clinical trial conducted at the Comano thermal spring water center, which showed a significant reduction in AD severity and an improvement of the quality of life. However, so far many studies on balneotherapy in pediatric AD have included relatively small populations without identifying patients’ characteristics associated with their response. The aim of the present study was to identify any features associated with the clinical response to the Comano thermal spring water balneotherapy in a large cohort of pediatric AD patients. Methods An observational study was conducted on 867 children aged ≤16 years (females 50.5%, mean patient’s age 5.9 years, standard deviation ±3.6 years) with mild to severe AD who underwent balneotherapy at the Comano thermal spring water center (Comano, Trentino, Italy) from April to October 2014. Patients were stratified according to their disease severity, which was evaluated using five SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) categories before and immediately after a thermal spring water balneotherapy course. Potential characteristics associated with the patients’ clinical response to Comano thermal spring water balneotherapy were investigated. Results A statistically significant improvement in AD severity was observed after Comano thermal spring water balneotherapy (p < 0.0001). A significantly higher percentage of patients achieving improvement in AD severity was reported among children ≤4 years old (p < 0.0001) with early-onset AD (p < 0.0001), severe AD (p < 0.0001) or coexistent reported food allergies (p < 0.01). The therapy was well tolerated, and no relevant adverse effects were reported during the treatment course. Conclusions Comano thermal spring water balneotherapy is a safe complementary treatment for pediatric patients with AD, as it was able to reduce the disease severity, especially in children ≤4 years old, with early onset AD, severe AD or concomitant food allergies.

Overview of microscopic colitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Omer F Ahmad ◽  
Ayesha Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Microscopic Colitis ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Microscopic colitis encompasses both collagenous and lymphocytic colitis and is a relatively common condition with rising incidence. Diagnosis is by colonoscopy (which is usually normal but may show some mild changes) and biopsies which reveal characteristic histological findings. Symptoms include non-bloody diarrhoea with urgency which may be associated with faecal incontinence and abdominal pain. Microscopic colitis is associated with a reduced health-related quality of life, and treatment is aimed at symptom control. Medications linked with the development of microscopic colitis, including proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, should be discontinued. If symptoms persist, budesonide is a licensed treatment for microscopic colitis which has been shown to be effective in clinical trials and real-world practice.

The Renal Effects of NSAIDs in Dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Lomas ◽  
Gregory F. Grauer
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Federal Drug Administration ◽  
Renal Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 1

The quality of life for dogs with osteoarthritis can often be improved with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); however, the number of adverse drug events associated with NSAID use reported to the Federal Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine is higher than that for any other companion animal drug. Of those events, adverse renal reactions are the second most reported. NSAIDs produce pharmacologic effects via inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), which decreases production of prostanoids. Prostaglandins are synthesized by both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes in the healthy kidney and influence renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, renin release, and Na excretion. There are important species differences in the renal expression of COX-1 and COX-2. For example, dogs have higher basal levels of COX-2 expression in the kidney compared with humans. In addition, in dogs with chronic kidney disease, an increase in COX-2 expression occurs and synthesis of prostaglandins shifts to the COX-2 pathway. For those reasons, NSAIDs that target COX-2 may be expected to adversely affect renal function in dogs, especially dogs with chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the literature to report the renal effects of NSAIDs in dogs.

P2Y12 inhibitors for the neurointerventionalist

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110150
Author(s):  
Robin J Borchert ◽  
Davide Simonato ◽  
Charlotte R Hickman ◽  
Maurizio Fuschi ◽  
Lucie Thibault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
P2y12 Inhibitors ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Neurointerventional Procedures

The use of antiplatelets is widespread in clinical practice. However, for neurointerventional procedures, protocols for antiplatelet use are scarce and practice varies between individuals and institutions. This is further complicated by the quantity of antiplatelet agents which differ in route of administration, dosage, onset of action, efficacy and ischemic and hemorrhagic complications. Clarifying the individual characteristics for each antiplatelet agent, and their associated risks, will increasingly become relevant as the practice of mechanical thrombectomy, stenting, coiling and flow diversion procedures grows. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing literature for the use of P2Y12 inhibitors in neurointerventional procedures, examine the quality of the evidence, and highlight areas in need of further research.

scholarly journals Down Syndrome and Quality of Life: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
Hilary L. Schroeder ◽  
Marianinha Joanes ◽  
Andre Small ◽  
Raghu Maramraj,
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
African American Female ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Patient’S History

  Background: Quality of life is considered a crucial component to the well-being of patients with Down syndrome. The strength of quality care through stable social and psychological interactions has built a framework for a positive well-being for patients with Down syndrome, improving their quality of life. Case: A 55-year-old African American female with a history of Down syndrome, congenital heart disease, and newly-diagnosed early onset Alzheimer’s disease presented with an arm contusion resulting from regular caretaking. The patient’s history was reviewed, and the complexity of her condition was discovered. While a subset of Down syndrome patients have cardiac complications and others have early-onset Alzheimer’s, our patient had both. We believe this complicated her condition. After the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s was made, the caregivers noticed a significant decline in her ability to communicate and continue day-to-day activities. Despite the decline in functions, a positive mood was apparent. Conclusion: Multiple medical interventions, along with strong family support, positively contributed to the patient’s quality of life. Therapies targeting cognition could result in the maintenance of quality of life and, ultimately, lower health care costs.

scholarly journals Penerapan prinsip DIR/Floortime Meningkatkan Kemampuan Memusatkan Atensi pada Anak dengan ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ratih Larasati ◽  
Lia M. Boediman ◽  
Mita Aswanti
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Emotional Assessment ◽  
Mother And Child

Developmental, Individual Differences, Relationship-Based approach (DIR/Floortime) is one of the available interventions focused on increasing the quality of caregiver-child interaction. This study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of DIR/Floortime to increase the ability to sustain attention on a 4 year-old child with Early Onset Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This is a qualitative research involving two participants, a boy diagnosed with ADHD, and the mother of the boy. This research utilized observation and interview in gathering the data, accompanying the use of observation log for duration of attention and frequency of distractedness specifically designed for this research, Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS), questionnaire and interview guideline: Observing Child’s Biological Challenge (OCBC), and Sensory Processing – Motor Planning Questionnaire (SPMPQ). The result of this study indicated that the application of DIR/Floortime principles is effective in increasing the ability to sustain attention on a 4 year-old child with Early Onset ADHD, along with the increase of the functional emotional development of both mother and child as shown with the increase of attention span, the decrease of frequency of distractibility, and score increase in the Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS).

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