A Critical Study on Korean Protestant Christian’s Participation in the Independent Movement during the Japanese Colonial Regime and the Phenomenon of Martyr-Designation/Making: Focused on the Korean Conspiracy Trial, March First Movement, and Shinto-Shrine Controversy

In line with the times demand, nationlism changes as a dynamic of dialectics proceeds with changes in social, political, and ekonomic in the country and global levels. Based on a review of historical chronology, this paper analyzed descriptively the relationship between Islam and nationalism in Indonesia. Since the early growth of nationalism and the Dutch colonization period in Indonesia, Islam became the spirit of sacrifice of lives and property of the Indonesian people's fighting to get independence and on the Japanese colonial period and the early days of independence, Islam through the muslim leaders founction as base of departure and developer awareness of nasionalism, patriotism and unity to defend the independence. Despite the authoritarian New Order ruler cope with Islam through the establishment of the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI), but awareness of national Muslim leaders to build Indonesia managed to push governance reforms. And in this era of reform, the spirit of nationalism and the spirit of sacrifice of the Indonesian leaders increasingly eroded by corruption. Key words: proto-nationalism, political nationalism, cultural nationalism.

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Promoting Mass Movements- A New Perspective On Japanese Wartime Imperialism In Korea

European Journal of Korean Studies ◽

10.33526/ejks.20151501.1 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Shinyoung Kim

Keyword(s):

Extended Family ◽

Direct Access ◽

Mass Movements ◽

Japanese Imperialism ◽

Local Practices ◽

The Social ◽

Japanese Colonial ◽

New Perspective ◽

Economic Bloc ◽

Colonial Government

This article aims to explore the Japanese colonial government’s efforts to promote mass movements in Korea which rose suddenly and showed remarkable growth throughout the 1930s. It focuses on two Governor-Generals and the directors of the Education Bureau who created the Social Indoctrination movements under Governor-General Ugaki Kazushige in the early 1930s and the National Spiritual Mobilization Movement of Governor-General Minami Jirō in the late 1930s. The analysis covers their respective political motivations, ideological orientation, and organizational structure. It demonstrates that Ugaki, under the drive to integrate Korea with an economic bloc centered on Japan, adapted the traditional local practices of the colonized based on the claim of “Particularities of Korea,” whereas the second Sino-Japanese War led Minami to emphasize assimilation, utilizing the ideology of the extended-family to give colonial power more direct access to individuals as well as obscuring the unequal nature of the colonial relationship. It argues that the colonial government-led campaigns constituted a core ruling mechanism of Japanese imperialism in the 1930s.

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GRANT, V. The evolutionary process, a critical study of evolutionary theory. Columbia University Press, New York: 1991. Pp xx, 487; illustrated. Price: US$ 60. ISBN: 0-231-07324-0.

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.1993.20.1.143a ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 143-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. L. PANCHEN

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Evolutionary Theory ◽

Evolutionary Process ◽

Critical Study ◽

Columbia University

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The European Charter of Local Self-Government

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474403337.001.0001 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chris Himsworth

Keyword(s):

Critical Study ◽

The European Union ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Council Of Europe ◽

International Treaty ◽

Additional Protocol ◽

Domestic Courts ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

Regional Authorities

The first critical study of the 1985 international treaty that guarantees the status of local self-government (local autonomy). Chris Himsworth analyses the text of the 1985 European Charter of Local Self-Government and its Additional Protocol; traces the Charter’s historical emergence; and explains how it has been applied and interpreted, especially in a process of monitoring/treaty enforcement by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities but also in domestic courts, throughout Europe. Locating the Charter’s own history within the broader recent history of the Council of Europe and the European Union, the book closes with an assessment of the Charter’s future prospects.

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