The role of oral contraceptive pills on increased risk of breast cancer in North West of Iran

There is a need to establish the role of antiandrogens as an alternative or concomitant therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Thus, the objectives of this study are (1) to assess the effectiveness of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) at week 12 in HS women, and (2) to describe the clinical profile of patients receiving oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). A prospective observational study was designed. This study included 100 participants, 50 women with HS who started OCPs for the first time at our HS Clinic and 50 participants without OCP treatment. The main outcome of interest was the percentage of reduction in total abscess and inflammatory nodule (AN) count at week 12. Thirty-three women received combined OCPs and 17 non-combined OCP. HS patients with OCPs treatment were younger (31.7 vs. 40.9 years, p < 0.001), thinner (28.62 vs. 33.35 kg/m2), and have a higher number of areas affected (2.32 vs. 1.38, p = 0.02) than those without OCPs. After 12-weeks of treatment, it was observed that the percentage of AN reduction was higher in HS women receiving OCP than in patients without OCP (53.9% vs. 38.42%, p = 0.049). It was observed that OCP prescription (β = 3.79, p = 0.034) and concomitant therapy (β = 3.91, p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher % AN when controlling for disease duration, concomitant therapy, and treatment with/without OCP (R^2 = 0.67). The factors potentially associated with the percentage AN reduction at week 12 in HS women treated with OCPs were disease duration (β = −1.327, p = 0.052), concomitant therapy (β = 11.04, p = 0.079), and HS worsening with the menstrual cycle (β = 10.55, p = 0.087). In conclusion, OCPs might be effective for improving AN count in women with HS. Women whose HS worsens in relation to the menstrual cycle and have a shorter disease may benefit more from the therapeutic effect of OCPs.

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Associated Risk Between Use of Oral Contraceptive Pills and Three Types of Breast Cancer: ER+, ER-, and TN

The George Washington University Undergraduate Review ◽

10.4079/2578-9201.3(2020).05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Roshni Rangaswamy

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Oral Contraceptives ◽

Great Length ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Hormone Production ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Estrogen Receptor Positive

Around 9.5 million women between the ages of 15 and 44 use some form of oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptive pills typically consist of progestin and estrogens, synthetic versions of the hormones that a female-bodied person naturally produces and are used by many people for a various number of reasons; such reasons include regulating acne, controlling hormone production, and preventing pregnancy. One in eight women in the US is diagnosed with breast cancer over the course of her lifetime, and many of these cancers have hormone-related causes. However, there are three types of breast cancer specifically linked to the hormones that are found in oral contraceptive pills: estrogen receptor-positive, estrogen receptor-negative, and triple-negative. While the potential of oral contraceptive-related causes for these breast cancers have been studied at great length, researchers are often unable to confirm their finding of an associated risk between synthetic hormones in oral contraceptives and certain types of breast cancer. Many studies agree that this associated risk exists, but stress the need for more involved research with more detailed and specific objectives. This literature review will provide insight into limitations of current research on the associated risk between oral contraceptives and breast cancer in order to fill research gaps and evaluate the certainty of current findings.

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Effect of the Monthly Injectable Combined Contraceptives versus Oral Contraceptive Pills on Mood

Korean Journal of Family Medicine ◽

10.4082/kjfm.20.0106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 471-476

Author(s):

Ghada M. Khafagy ◽

Hebatallah L. Shalaby ◽

Nagwa E. Saad ◽

Marwa D. Hasan

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Agents ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Group A

Background: Contraceptive agents are widely used by women of reproductive age, and resulting depression is the most common side effect of this usage. This study aimed to study the effect of monthly injectable combined contraceptives versus that of combined oral contraceptive pills (COC) on patients’ mood.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 124 females aged 18–45 years attending the Kom-Ashfeen Family Medicine Unit, El-Kalyubia, Egypt. Participants were divided into three groups according to their choice: group A included 44 participants who received monthly combined injectable contraceptives (CIC); group B included 40 participants who took COC; and group C included 40 participants who used the copper intrauterine device (IUD). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score was assessed at the beginning of the study and after 6 months of follow-up.Results: After 6 months of follow-up, there were mild but statistically significant increases in the PHQ-9 score in groups A and B, with group A (CIC users) showing the highest increase. Approximately 34.1%, 27.5%, and 15% of CIC, COC, and IUD users, respectively, moved from the non-depression stage to mild depression after 6 months; this change was statistically significant in groups A and B only.Conclusion: Monthly injectable combined contraceptives and oral contraceptive pills were associated with an increased risk of developing mild depression; this risk was higher in users of CICs, although the difference was not statistically significant. Thus, it is crucial to counsel patients about this possible risk and to follow them up. However, further studies are required to confirm our results.

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Oral Contraceptive Pills Are Not a Risk Factor for Deep Vein Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967118822970 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 232596711882297 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Austin V. Stone ◽

Avinesh Agarwalla ◽

Anirudh K. Gowd ◽

Cale A. Jacobs ◽

Jeffrey A. Macalena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Shoulder Surgery ◽

Vascular Thrombosis ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Matched Group ◽

Female Patients ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery

Background: Worldwide, more than 100 million women between the ages of 15 and 49 years take oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). OCP use increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) through its primary drug, ethinylestradiol, which slows liver metabolism, promotes tissue retention, and ultimately favors fibrinolysis inhibition and thrombosis. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of OCP use on VTE after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A large national payer database (PearlDiver) was queried for patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The incidence of VTE was evaluated in female patients taking OCPs and those not taking OCPs. A matched group was subsequently created to evaluate the incidence of VTE in similar patients with and without OCP use. Results: A total of 57,727 patients underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery from 2007 to 2016, and 26,365 patients (45.7%) were female. At the time of surgery, 924 female patients (3.5%) were taking OCPs. The incidence of vascular thrombosis was 0.57% (n = 328) after arthroscopic shoulder surgery, and there was no significant difference in the rate of vascular thrombosis in male or female patients (0.57% vs 0.57%, respectively; P > .99). The incidence of VTE in female patients taking and not taking OCPs was 0.22% and 0.57%, respectively ( P = .2). In a matched-group analysis, no significant difference existed in VTE incidence between patients with versus without OCP use (0.22% vs 0.56%, respectively; P = .2). On multivariate analysis, hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.00; P < .001) and obesity (OR, 1.43; P = .002) were risk factors for VTE. Conclusion: OCP use at the time of arthroscopic shoulder surgery is not associated with an increased risk of VTE. Obesity and hypertension are associated with a greater risk for thrombolic events, although the risk remains very low. Our findings suggest that patients taking OCPs should be managed according to the surgeon’s standard prophylaxis protocol for arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

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AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF OVARIAN CYST: A CASE REPORT

International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research ◽

10.47070/ijapr.v9i4.1915 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 74-77

Author(s):

Priyanka. R ◽

Jiji V ◽

Asha Sreedhar

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Ovarian Cyst ◽

Lower Abdominal Pain ◽

Complete Disappearance ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

Cystic Masses

Ovarian cystic masses are a common problem encountered in daily gynecological practice. Data reveals the prevalence of ovarian cyst vary widely. Reports suggest that between 8 and 18% of both premenopausal and postmenopsusal women have ovarian cyst. Most of the cysts are asymptomatic and discovered only in routine ultrasonography. Some of them are highly symptomatic hindering day to day activities of women. Symptoms depend to a large extent on the size of cysts. Modern management includes combined oral contraceptive pills and surgical management, if cysts continue to grow after 3 months of treatment. Since the oral contraceptive pills contribute many untoward effects, the need for alternative management especially in patients who wish to avoid surgical intervention is on high demand. Ayurveda addresses ovarian cyst under the broad classification of Granthi in which it can be correlated to Kaphaja Granthi in particular. A 27 year female patient married since 8 months, detected with Ovarian Cyst of size 6.6 x 6.1cm and complaining of severe lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, bloating of abdomen, and burning micturition was treated according to Ayurvedic principles. Patient was given Kanchanara guggulu, Sukumaram kashayam, Guggulu panchapala churnam & Gomutra haritaki for a period of two months. Follow up USG showed complete disappearance of cyst and symptoms also subsided to a great extent. The present study emphasizes the role of Ayurveda in bringing a positive result in the management of ovarian cyst.

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