Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) on Top of a Constructed Wetland as an Engineered Ecosystem to Clean Sewage Onsite

SUMMARY Seed germination of six sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids was investigated across a range of eleven constant temperatures between 5°C and 45°C. Large temperature differences in germination rate 1/t (d-1), cardinal temperature (°C) and thermal time θ (°cd) were observed among hybrids. Base temperatures (Tb) varied between 3.3°C and 6.7°C whereas maximum germination temperatures (Tm) varied between 41.7°C and 48.9°C. Final germination fraction was attained at 15°C - 25°C whereas the maximum rate of germination was attained at 30.4°C - 35.6°C. The maximum germination rate of hybrid USDA 894, the cultivar with the slowest germination rate, was only 50% of that of hybrid EX 47. The low Tb and high Tm of sunflower appear to be one of the factors which explain the successful adaptation of sunflower to a wide range of temperature. These findings are discussed in relation to the origin of the crop and its wide adaptations in diverse habitats and climatic zones.

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RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY, ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS ACCUMULATION, CANOPY DEVELOPMENT, LEAF AREA-LIGHT INTERCEPTION PROFILES AND RADIATION INTERCEPTION OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION REGIMEN / INFLUENCIA DEL RÉGIMEN DE IRRIGACIÓN SOBRE LA EFICACIA DEL USO DE LA RADIACIÓN, LA ACUMULACIÓN DE BIOMASA, EL DESAROROLLO DEL CANOPEO, EL ÁREA DE LA HOJA Y LOS PERFILES DE INTERCEPCIÓN DE LUZ Y DE RADIACIÓN EN GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFFICACITÉ DE L’UTILISATION DES RADIATIONS SOLAIRES, ACCUMULATION DE LA BIOMASSE DANS LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE, DÉVELOPPEMENT DE L’OMBRELLE, PROFILS D’INTERCEPTION DE LA LUMIÈRE PAR LA FEUILLE ET INTERCEPTION DES RADIATIONS SOLAIRES CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.) SOUS L’INFLUENCE D’UN RÉGIME D’IRRIGATION

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia.2001.24.35.101 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 24 (35) ◽

pp. 101-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Sridhara ◽

T.G. Prasad

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Light Interception ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Radiation Interception ◽

Canopy Development ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Radiation Use

SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted at Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore to study the effect of irrigation regimens on the biomass accumulation, canopy development, light interception and radiation use efficiency of sunflower. The treatments includes irrigating the plants at 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 cumulative pan evaporation. The results indicated that the aboveground biomass, canopy development, radiation interception and radiation use efficiency were influenced favorably by the irrigation regimens. Irrespective of the irrigation regimen, the radiation use efficiency of sunflower increased from 15 DAS to 75 DAS and then tended to decline. The decrease in RUE after anthesis is coupled with decrease in leaf nitrogen content. In general the RUE of sunflower ranged from 0.49 g MJ-1 to 1.84 g MJ-1 at different growth stages. The light transmission within the canopy increased exponentially with plant height and the canopy extension coefficient is found to be 0.8.

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New form cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with resistance to the herbicides Pulsar and Express

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia-2020-0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (73) ◽

pp. 185-189

Author(s):

Michail Christov ◽

Miroslava Hristova-Cherbadzhi

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Test Results ◽

Breeding Methods ◽

Selected Lines ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Sunflower Mutant ◽

New Form

AbstractNew traits that are useful for the cultivated sunflower can be received by applying classical breeding methods. A new form sunflower that is resistant to herbicides Pulsar and Express was obtained by hybridization between the sunflower mutant M-95-674 and the line HA 425. Test results from the period 2017–2019 confirm the resistance to both herbicides. This resistance can be transferred into other classical selected lines.

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GAMMA RAY - INDUCED MITOTIC ABNORMALITIES IN Helianthus annuus L. VARIETY EKIZ 1 / LOS RAYOS DE GAMMA CAUSA ANORMALIDADES MITOTICAS EN Helianthus annuus L. VARIEDAD DE EKIZ 1 / LES ANORMALITÉS MITOTIQUES CHARGÉÉS DES RAYONS GAMMA

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia.2001.24.35.39 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 24 (35) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

Orhan Arslan ◽

Şenol Bal ◽

Nilgün Venice ◽

Semra Mirici

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Mitotic Index ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Metaphase Chromosome ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Dose Increase ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Mitotic Abnormalities ◽

Chromosome Stickiness

SUMMARYIn this study, mitotic effects of gamma rays on Ekiz 1 variety belonging to Helianthus annuus L. (2n= 34) in the M0 (first irradiated seeds), M1 and M2 generations have been investigated. Seeds (M0) were irradiated with gamma rays at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kR doses. Percentage of total abnormalities in the M0, M1 and M2 generations increased parallel to the increasing dose of radiation. These abnormalites have been observed as C-metaphase, chromosome stickiness, laggards and bridges with or without fragment. Mitotic index (M.I.) in the M0, M1 and M2 generations has decreased parallel to the dose increase. When the generations are compared, both the amounts of decrease in mitotic index and in the percentage of mitotic abnormalities were mostly observed in M0.

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