scholarly journals Small-scale Privatization Level and Trend of North Korea: A Quantitative Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-88
Author(s):  
Moonsoo Yang ◽  
윤인주
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Small Scale

scholarly journals Rapid Spread of Classical Swine Fever Virus among South Korean Wild Boars in Areas near the Border with North Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeEun Choe ◽  
Ra Mi Cha ◽  
Dae-Sung Yu ◽  
Ki-Sun Kim ◽  
Sok Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Demilitarized Zone ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Spatial Cluster Analysis

There has been a rapid increase in the number of classical swine fever (CSF) sero-positive wild boars captured near the demilitarized zone (DMZ), located the border with North Korea. In 2015–2016, few CSFV-positive antibody boars were detected; however, the number has increased steeply since 2017. Most occurred in the northern region of Gyeonggi before spreading slowly to Gangwon (west to east) in 2018–2019. Multi-distance spatial cluster analysis provided an indirect estimate of the time taken for CSFV to spread among wild boars: 46.7, 2.6, and 2.49 days/km. The average CSF serum neutralization antibody titer was 4–10 (log 2), and CSFV Ab B-ELISA PI values ranged from 65.5 to 111.5, regardless of the age and sex of wild boars. Full genome analysis revealed that 16 CSFV strains isolated from wild boars between 2017 and 2019 were identical to the YC16CS strain (sub-genotype 2.1d) isolated from an outbreak in breeding pigs near the border with North Korea in 2016. The rapid increase in CSF in wild boars may be due to a continuously circulating infection within hub area and increased population density. The distribution pattern of CSFV in Korean wild boars moves from west to southeast, affected by external factors, including small-scale hunting, geographical features and highways.

scholarly journals Reflections on the True Reality of Kim Il-Sung

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
pp. 167-187
Author(s):  
Joong-Hyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Kim Il Sung ◽  
Police Station ◽  
The North ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Trend

As the social trend to learn more about North Korea grows, the person and past career of Kim Il-Sung have been thrown into controversy. In this context, Kim Il-Sung's anti-Japanese guerilla activities in Manchuria focused on the raid of Pochonbo Police Station and who is the leader of the Sixth Division of the Anti-Japanese United Army. Also, this article compared two groups of scholars, that is, proKim who is positive side of Kim's Identity and conKim who denied Kim's past to the North Korea's claims. It has been demonstrated conclusively that many anti-Japanese activists used the name of General Kim Il-Sung and the present Kim Il-Sung in North Korea must be one of them. And Kim Il-Sung's anti-Japanese activities were not revolutionary armed resistances but rathcr small scale guerilla activities.

Constraints of Crustal Heterogeneity and Q(f) from Regional (<4  Hz) Wave Propagation for the 2009 North Korea Nuclear Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3A) ◽  
pp. 1369-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim B. Olsen ◽  
Michael Begnaud ◽  
Scott Phillips ◽  
Bo Holm Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
North Korea ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Los Alamos ◽  
Crust And Upper Mantle ◽  
3D Velocity Model

Abstract We carried out 3D finite‐difference (FD) simulations (<4  Hz) of regional wave propagation for the 2009 North Korea nuclear explosion and compared the synthetics with instrument‐corrected records at stations INCN and TJN in South Korea. The source is an isotropic explosion with a moment magnitude of 4.1. Synthetics computed in the relatively smooth Sandia/Los Alamos National Laboratory SALSA3D (SAndia LoS Alamos 3D) velocity model significantly overpredict Rayleigh‐wave amplitudes by more than an order of magnitude while underpredicting coda amplitudes. The addition to SALSA3D of a von Karman distribution of small‐scale heterogeneities with correlation lengths of ∼1000  m, a Hurst number of 0.1, and a horizontal‐to‐vertical anisotropy of ∼5 produces synthetics in general agreement with the data. The best fits are obtained from models with a gradient in the strength of the velocity and density perturbations and strong scattering (10%) limited to the top 7.5–10 km of the crust. Deeper scattering tends to decrease the initial P‐wave amplitudes to levels much below those for the data, a critical result for methods discriminating between explosive and earthquake sources. In particular, the amplitude at the onset of Pn can be affected by as little as 2% small‐scale heterogeneity in the lower crust and upper mantle. Simulations including a constant Q of 200 (INCN) to 350 (TJN) below 1 Hz and a power‐law Q(f) formulation at higher frequencies, with an exponent of 0.3, generate synthetics in best agreement with the data. In our simulations, very limited scattering contribution from the near‐source area accumulates along the regional path.

scholarly journals Monitoring by a Sensitive Liquid-Based Sampling Strategy Reveals a Considerable Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes in Smeared Cheese Production over 10 Years of Testing in Austria

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Peter Zangerl ◽  
Dagmar Schoder ◽  
Frieda Eliskases-Lechner ◽  
Abdoulla Zangana ◽  
Elisabeth Frohner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Cheese Production

Most Austrian dairies and cheese manufacturers participated in a Listeria monitoring program, which was established after the first reports of dairy product-associated listeriosis outbreaks more than thirty years ago. Within the Listeria monitoring program, up to 800 mL of product-associated liquids such as cheese smear or brine are processed in a semi-quantitative approach to increase epidemiological sensitivity. A sampling strategy within cheese production, which detects environmental contamination before it results in problematic food contamination, has benefits for food safety management. The liquid-based sampling strategy was implemented by both industrial cheese makers and small-scale dairies located in the mountainous region of Western Austria. This report considers more than 12,000 Listeria spp. examinations of liquid-based samples in the 2009 to 2018 timeframe. Overall, the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in smear liquid samples was 1.29% and 1.55% (n = 5043 and n = 7194 tested samples) for small and industrial cheese enterprises, respectively. The liquid-based sampling strategy for Listeria monitoring at the plant level appears to be superior to solid surface monitoring. Cheese smear liquids seem to have good utility as an index of the contamination of cheese up to that point in production. A modelling or validation process should be performed for the new semi-quantitative approach to estimate the true impact of the method in terms of reducing Listeria contamination at the cheese plant level.

scholarly journals Quantitative approach to small-scale nonequilibrium systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Kisbye Dreyer ◽  
Kirstine Berg-Sørensen ◽  
Lene Oddershede
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Nonequilibrium Systems

scholarly journals Competency improvement of cooperative managers to improve members' welfare by implementing business strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Haryono ◽  
Mudjiarto Mudjiarto ◽  
Nanik Wahyunib ◽  
Boge Triatmanto
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Small Scale

This study aims to analyze the improvement of the welfare of cooperative members in a sustainable manner, which is influenced by the development of business strategies and the competence of members. The research was conducted at women's cooperatives in East Java Province, Indonesia. The research design uses a quantitative approach. Respondents in this study are members of active women's cooperatives who have their own businesses from cooperative capital. The questionnaire was distributed by directly meeting respondents or via email among 185 respondents who were members of active cooperatives. SEM analysis was used to determine the effect of competency variables on improving member welfare mediated by business strategies. The results of this study indicate that the welfare of cooperative members was largely determined by the competence of cooperative member business actors, but this welfare improvement will be more effective if business actors understand and implement business strategies even though on a small scale.

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

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