scholarly journals SELEÇÃO IN VITRO DE MAMONA PARA RESISTÊNCIA A ESTRESSE SALINO: FOCO NAS PLANTAS ESPONTÂNEAS

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-421
Author(s):  
Lucas Aragao Hora Almeida ◽  
Luana Santos Sampaio ◽  
Mateus Ribeiro Santana ◽  
Claudio Lucio Fernandes Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
The City ◽  
Two Populations

A seleção de gametófitos que respondem a determinados tratamentos de forma diferenciada é de grande importância em programas de melhoramento vegetal. Portanto, foi objetivo deste trabalho avaliar o efeito do estresse salino sob a taxa de viabilidade polínica em mamona (R. comunnis L.). Foram coletadas 300 flores de 60 plantas espontâneas, previamente selecionadas com base em seu aspecto fitossanitário, a partir de duas populações obtidas no município de Jequié - BA. Para seleção in vitro foram testados 5 meios de cultura com diferentes concentrações de NaCl, quais sejam: M1 = 0; M2 = 25; M3 = 50; M4= 75 e M5 = 100 (mM). Foram observadas variações na taxa de germinação dos grãos de pólen, tanto para uma, quanto para outra população. Para todas as plantas de cada uma das populações estudadas, a taxa de germinação de pólen foi maior no meio de cultura contendo 0mM de NaCl, o que significa que o sal influência esta característica. UNITERMOS - Polén, Germinação, Fator Estressante, NaCl.  IN VITRO SELECTION OF CASTOR BEAN TO SALT STRESS RESISTANCE: FOCUS ON SPONTANEOUS PLANTS  2 ABSTRACT The gametophytic selection that reacts to certain treatments in a differentiated manner is of great importance in plant breeding programs. The objective of this work was to evaluate the saline stress effect under the viability pollinic rate in castor oil plant (R. comunnis L.). Three hundred flowers of 60 spontaneous plants were collected, previously selected based on their phytosanitary aspect, from two populations obtained in the city of Jequié - BA. For in vitroselection 5 culture medium  were tested with different NaCl concentrations, which were M1 = 0; M2 = 25; M3 = 50; 75 M4= and M5 = 100 (mM). Variations were observed in the pollen grains germination rate, for both populations. All plants of each studied populations hadpollen germination rate higher in the culture medium containing 0mM of NaCl, which means that the salt influences this characteristic. KEY WORDS - Pollen, Germination, Stress Factor, NaCl

scholarly journals Anatomical Characteristics of Petalized Anther Abortion in Male Sterile Camellia oleifera Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yang Hu ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Quanen Deng ◽  
Jie Qiu ◽  
Hongli Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Pollen Sacs

Petalized anther abortion is an important characteristic of male sterility in plants. The male sterile plants (HB-21) evincing petalized anther abortion previously discovered in a clone population of the Camellia oleifera cultivar Huashuo by our research group were selected as the experimental material in this study. Using plant microscopy and anatomic methods and given the correspondence between external morphology and internal structure, we studied the anatomic characteristics of petalized anther abortion (with a fertile plant as the control group) in various stages, from flower bud differentiation to anther maturity, in hopes of providing a theoretical basis for research on and applications of male sterile C. oleifera plants, a new method for the selection of male sterile C. oleifera cultivars, and improvements in the yield and quality of C. oleifera. In this study, the development of anthers in C. oleifera was divided into 14 stages. Petalized anther abortion in male sterile plants was mainly initiated in the second stage (the stage of sporogenous cells). Either the petalized upper anther parts did not form pollen sacs, or the entire anthers did not form pollen sacs. The lower parts of some anthers could form deformed pollen sacs and develop, and these anthers could be roughly divided into two types: fully and partially petalized anthers. Abnormal callose and the premature degradation of the tapetum occurred in the pollen sacs formed by partially petalized anthers during the development process, resulting in the absence of inclusions in the pollen grains formed. Small quantities of mature pollen grains withered inward from the germinal furrows, exhibiting obvious abortion characteristics. The relative in vitro germination rate of the pollen produced by the partially petalized anthers of sterile plants was 11.20%, and the relative activity of triphenyltetrazolium chloride was 3.24%, while the fully petalized anthers did not generate pollen grains. Either the petalized anthers in male sterile plants did not produce pollen, or the vitality of the small amounts of pollen produced by sterile plants was very low compared with that of fertile plants. Such male sterile plants could be used to select correct clones and have good prospects for application in production.

scholarly journals In vitro seed germination and multiplication of Calophyllum brasiliense

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (87) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Sheila Susy Silveira ◽  
Juliana Degenhardt-Goldbach ◽  
Marguerite Germaine Ghislaine Quoirin
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Calophyllum Brasiliense ◽  
Free Rate

Calophyllum brasiliense is a tree species with limited natural reproduction. In vitro germination may be an alternative for obtaining high-quality seedlings. Seeds were maintained in water before surface disinfestation and compared with control seeds (i.e. not immersed), without differences between treatments. HgCl2 used during surface-disinfestation reduced contamination rates of cultures. Fungal contamination was reduced with fungicide added to culture medium (23 to 6.4%), although bacterial contamination increased (24 to 36%). In another experiment, seeds were immersed in plant preservative mixture (PPM™) prior to surface disinfestation. By combining immersion for 48 h and 2 mL L-1 in culture medium, contamination was only 6%. Seeds immersion in GA3 prior to surface disinfestation reduced root formation as concentration increased. Germination rate and GSI were reduced, respectively, from 72% and 0.129 (24 h) to 60% and 0.092 (48 h) according to exposure time to GA3. After 90 days in multiplication medium containing benzylaminopurine, average number of shoots per nodal segment was 3.4. In conclusion, in vitro germination of C. brasiliense seeds is feasible in sucrose-free WPM medium and reaches a high contamination-free rate (up to 93.3%).

scholarly journals In vitro pollen germination and pollen viability in passion fruit (Passiflora spp.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1116-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taliane Leila Soares ◽  
Onildo Nunes de Jesus ◽  
Janay Almeida dos Santos-Serejo ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Three Stages

The use of Passiflora species for ornamental purposes has been recently developed, but little is known about pollen viability and the potential for crossing different species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pollen viability of six Passiflora species collected from different physiological stages of development through in vitro germination and histochemical analysis using dyes. The pollen was collected in three stages (pre-anthesis, anthesis and post-anthesis). Three compositions of culture medium were used to evaluate the in vitro germination, and two dyes (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, or TTC, and Lugol's solution) were used for the histochemical analysis. The culture medium containing 0.03% Ca(NO3) 4H2O, 0.02% of Mg(SO4 ).7H2O, 0.01% of KNO3, 0,01% of H3BO3, 15% sucrose, and 0.8% agar, pH 7.0, showed a higher percentage of pollen grains germinated. Anthesis is the best time to collect pollen because it promotes high viability and germination. The Lugol's solution and TTC dye overestimated the viability of pollen, as all accessions showed high viability indices when compared with the results obtained in vitro.

scholarly journals Does soaking time during disinfestation affect germination rates in Dendrobium?

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Carlos Sorgato ◽  
Jackeline Schultz Soares ◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
Suzana Targanski Sajovic Pereira ◽  
Débora De Freitas Brotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Species Specific

Asymbiotic germination is considered an efficient and viable technique that can increase germination rates. The effect of type and concentration of disinfestants, and the exposure time to disinfestants may differ according to the plant species. Therefore, species-specific standardization of disinfestation agent and procedure is necessary to achieve optimal germination rates. The objective of this study was to determine a disinfestation methodology to increase in vitro germination rates and the early development of seedlings of Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium phalaenopsis, using different times for seed disinfestation and different culture media. Seeds were disinfected by soaking in a 0.8% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 or 15 min under aseptic conditions, after which seed suspensions were either washed with water or left unwashed. Next, they were seeded in culture flasks containing four different culture media (MS, ½MS, K, and VW). The flasks were then transferred to a growth room under controlled photoperiod and temperature, where they remained under an irradiance of 20 μmol m-2 s-1. Germination rates of the species were evaluated 45 days after placement in the culture flasks. A higher germination rate was observed when the seeds were triple washed, regardless of the culture medium or soaking time. Seed soaking disinfestation for 5 min is also recommended. MS and ½MS media were the most effective culture media in promoting in vitro germination of the species under study.  

scholarly journals Designing a Nutrient Medium for the Accumulation of Microbial Mass of Listeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
N. M. Khaptanova ◽  
S. V. Lukyanova ◽  
V. I. Kuznetsov ◽  
N. G. Gefan ◽  
N. M. Аndreevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Microbial Mass

Background. To obtain reliable results of laboratory studies on the identification of Listeria, the presence of certified diagnostic agglutinating Listeria sera is required. An important step in the manufacturing process of such medical devices for in vitro diagnostics requires effective nutrient media for the accumulation of listeriosis microbe. Aim of the research. To develop an effective nutrient medium for the accumulation of bacterial mass of Listeria. Materials and methods. The object of the study was an experimental culture medium for Listeria cultivation. As a control, we used nutrient agar for the cultivation of microorganisms (fish meal hydrolysate, FMH-agar) and meat-peptone agar with 1 % glucose (MPA with 1 % glucose). The specific activity of nutrient media during cultivation of the test strain Listeria monocytogenes 766 was evaluated using a complex of microbiological methods. Results. The optimal base of the nutrient medium for Listeria cultivation has been selected: pancreatic hydrolysate of river magpie fish (Rutilus rutilus lacustris) and hydrolysate of meat water production waste. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the nutrient medium has been developed, its physical, chemical and biological properties have been studied. It was found that after 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C, the nutrient medium provided the growth of typical Listeria colonies. The germination rate was 85 %, which is higher compared to the growth of the culture on MPA with 1 % glucose and GRM agar by an average of 21 % (p < 0,05). Conclusion. The experimental culture medium for Listeria cultivation provided growth of colonies of the test strain L. monocytogenes 766 with the preservation of characteristic cultural, morphological and biochemical properties, and, in terms of germination and growth rate, exceeded the control media. The developed nutrient medium provides effective growth of Listeria and can be used as a medium for the accumulation of microbial mass.

Differences in seed germination response of two populations of Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel to a set of GR24 concentrations and durations of stimulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Gibot-Leclerc ◽  
Manon Connault ◽  
Rémi Perronne ◽  
Fabrice Dessaint
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Phelipanche ramosa is a major weed holoparasite characterized by a broad host range with a suboptimal development on numerous hosts, suggesting inter- or intra-species specificities. Seeds of P. ramosa germinate after exposure to exogenous chemicals exuded by surrounding host roots such as strigolactones, the concentrations of these germination stimulants varying between hosts. In France, P. ramosa is characterized by genetically differentiated populations presenting varying germination rates and a host specificity. The objective of our study was to investigate the sensitivity of seeds of two P. ramosa populations harvested on tobacco and oilseed rape, to a set of GR24 concentrations, a synthetic strigol analogue. The assessment of the germination rate was based on in vitro experiments. Seeds of P. ramosa were placed in Petri dishes with various concentrations of GR24. The cumulative number of germinated seeds of P. ramosa was counted several times after application of the treatment. Cumulative germination curves were analysed using a three-parameter log-logistic model and a time-to-event approach. The results show that the germination rate of P. ramosa seeds depends on the GR24 concentration and the duration of stimulation, but also that the response to these two factors varies greatly according to the origin of the P. ramosa seeds. The difference in germination speed between P. ramosa populations further shows distinct responses at the intraspecific level, thus suggesting that the specialization of P. ramosa probably occurs at least from the first stage of the holoparasite cycle.

Optimization of culture medium for the in vitro germination and histochemical analysis of Passiflora spp. pollen grains

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 110298
Author(s):  
Michele dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Taliane Leila Soares ◽  
Eva Maria Rodrigues Costa ◽  
Ronilze Leite da Silva ◽  
Onildo Nunes de Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Histochemical Analysis

scholarly journals Floral Biology and in vitro Germination of Nasturtium Pollen Grains Grown With Poultry Litter

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
G. T. Zanetti ◽  
L. M. C. Davide ◽  
M. do C. Vieira ◽  
N. A. H. Zárate ◽  
A. M. T. Alovisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Tropaeolum Majus ◽  
Floral Bud

The plant Tropaeolum majus, popularly known as nasturtium, presents food, ornamental and medicinal importance. Studies on floral and carpometric characteristics generate basic knowledge for areas of science such as botany, genetics and plant breeding. This work has the objectives of analyzing the effect of combinations of doses of poultry litter on floral structures and the in vitro germination of T. majus pollen grains. From the experimental matrix Plan Puebla III were defined 9 combinations of poultry litter doses incorporated and covered. The design of the experiments was entirely random, varying the replicates number. The number of stamens, petals, sepals and carpels was verified per floral bud in each treatment. The in vitro germination rate of pollen grains was estimated in 5 culture media and 2 germination times, from flower buds randomly collected in the experiment. The overall mean of stamens, sepals, petals and carpels per floral bud was 8.23; 5; 5 and 3, respectively. The combinations of poultry litter doses influenced only the number of stamens. The in vitro germination rate of T. majus pollen grains varied in the culture media. There was no association between the combinations of poultry litter doses and the in vitro germination rate of pollen grains.

scholarly journals In vitro germination of pollen grains of three native species from Pampa biome with ornamental potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3217
Author(s):  
Marília Tedesco ◽  
Luciano da Silva Alves ◽  
Eduarda Demari Avrella ◽  
Carine Simioni ◽  
Gilmar Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
The One ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Germination Of Pollen

The aim of this work was to verify the in vitro germination of pollen grains of Angelonia integerrima L., Campomanesia aurea O. Berg and Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth in different culture medium and temperatures. For this purpose, flower buds from which pollen was collected and sprayed on plates containing the three evaluated culture medium: M1 - agar and sucrose; M2 - agar, sucrose and H3BO3; M3 - agar, sucrose, H3BO3, Ca(NO3), MgSO4 and KNO3; and two incubation temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C). Data was subjected to analysis of variance after its transformation to square root and means were compared by Fisher’s test (LSD). For the three species, the temperature of 30 ºC provided the highest percentage of pollen grain germination. For A. integerrima, M1 and M3 promoted the highest germination percentages (40.7 % and 56.5 %, respectively). On the other hand, for C. aurea, M2 provided the highest germination average (43.7 %). At last for S. punicea, M3 was the one that provided the highest average (31.62 %). It was concluded that the evaluated species differ in micronutrient requirements for in vitro germination of pollen grains. The temperature of 30 °C was suitable for all three species.

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