scholarly journals Urinary N-Acetyl-Beta-D-Glucosaminidase Index Activity Normal Values in Healthy Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Andrei Răzvan CODEA ◽  
Mircea MIRCEAN ◽  
Orsolya SARPATAKI ◽  
Bogdan SEVASTRE ◽  
Gavril GIURGIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Renal Tubular

Reference values have a major importance in describing the diversity of healthy individuals variables. These are population reference ranges (RIs) that comprise 95% of the healthy population. The determination of biological markers, like urinary NAG and creatinine, is considered a simple, rapid and non-invasive method for detecting and monitoring renal tubular function under different conditions. Calculation of the urinary NAG index provides a good estimate of the excretion of the two markers over a 24 hour period. An increase of the urinary NAG index may precede increases in standard parameters used in the diagnosis of renal disease, especially in cases of acute tubular lesions. With the purpose of detecting deviations of the urinary NAG index, this study established the reference values in Wistar rats. Urine samples were collected from 100 healthy Wistar rats, 50 males and 50 females. NAG and creatinine were determined, and subsequently the NAG index was calculated for reference value establishing. The mean value of NAG index was found to be 5.81±1.68 (U / g) for healthy females and 4.10±0.90 (U / g) for healthy males.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Role of Urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) Activity in the Detection of Renal Tubular Impairment

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylva Skálová
Keyword(s):  
Renal Damage ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Nephrotoxic Drugs ◽  
Renal Tubular

The kidney function can be assessed by a number of methods. The urinary excretion of enzymes, in particular N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), is considered a relatively simple, cheap, fast and non-invasive method in the detection and follow-up of renal tubular function under various conditions. The determination of urinary NAG provides a very sensitive and reliable indicator of renal damage, such as injury or dysfunction due to diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, inflammation, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract infection, hypercalciuria, urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, perinatal asphyxia, hypoxia, hypertension, heavy metals poisoning, treatment with aminoglycosides, valproate, or other nephrotoxic drugs. This paper gives an overview of the current use of urinary NAG in the detection of renal injury.

scholarly journals Determination of reference values of acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase activities in Serbian healthy population

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 736-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Zlatkovic ◽  
Nadezda Krstic ◽  
Vesna Subota ◽  
Bogdan Boskovic ◽  
Slavica Vucinic
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
The Republic

Background/Aim. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) are important biomarkers of exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Since the estimation of the level of cholinesterase inhibition depends on the normal values which may vary in different populations, it is important to determine them in our population, which so far has not been done. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the reference values for AChE and BuChE in a healthy population of adults in the Republic of Serbia. Methods. The AChE activity was measured by spectrophotometry (? = 412 nm), using a modified Ellman?s method. BuChE activity was determined by the integrated chemical system (Dimension RxLMax) with ready-made reagent cartridge for analysis. The examinees were healthy voluntary blood donors from the Institute of Transfusiology and Hemobiology, Military Medical Academy in Belgrade, Serbia. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program was used for data processing. Results. In the group of 851 persons, there were 728 males and 123 females. The mean age was 39.1 ? 11.6 years. For all of them, erythrocyte AChE activity was done while BuChE was determined in 205 persons (169 males and 36 females). Their mean value of acetylcholinesterase activity was 8,090.6 ? 1,976.7 IU/L, and of butyrylcholinesterase activity was 14,556.6 ? 4,078.1 U/L. Due to lack of normal data distribution in male group (both enzymes), reference ranges were estimated as 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. Conclusion. The results of this pilot study on cholinesterase in healthy population in the Republic of Serbia which has now been done for the first time, indicate the need for considering their wider ranges of when estimating the severity of poisoning. However, further study for BuChE with the inclusion of a larger number of females and data for body weight of the examinees, in order to get more precise reference limits, is suggested.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF DETERMINATION OF PARENCHYMAL ORGANS DISTURBANCES DURING ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Strahinja ĆIBIĆ ◽  
Miloš PAVLOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Follicular Cyst ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Invasive Method

Ultrasound Real time 2D diagnostics, being an available and non-invasive method, issuccessfully used in human medicine, veterinary medicine and biology to diagnose bothphysiological and pathological conditions. In the case of small animals, the ultrasound is often usedto diagnose gravidity, number, size and vitality of fetuses as well as to diagnose pathologicalconditions present in the genital tract, and is also used to examine testicles and prostate of maleanimals. Today's advanced use of the ultrasound diagnostics provides us with an opportunity todetect numerous pathological conditions of reproductive tract of both female and male animals, andthose conditions directly affect health status of other internal organs. The aim of this study is todiagnose primary genital tract disorders using the ultrasound diagnostics, as well as proving itsconnection to the changes in parenchymal organs. The ultrasound examination was performed onthe total of 12 dogs, 6 male and 6 female dogs. Ovaries, uterus and the organs in the abdominal areawere examined using a transducer ranging from 5 to 8 MHz. A transducer of 7.5 MHz was used toexamine prostates and testicles. The patients were in dorsal position. Three out of six examined maledogs exhibited changes on their prostates, and the remaining one had a tumor on the testicles. Cystitisand hyperplasia of prostate were also found upon the examination of these dogs. One out of sixexamined female dogs, had cystic endometrial hyperplasia, three of them had pyometra, and one ofthem was diagnosed with an follicular cyst. In addition to these pathological conditions, changeswere noticed in the liver and pancreas. Along with the detection of primary changes in the genitaltract of both male and female animals, the ultrasound diagnostics can be used to discover consequentchanges in parenchymal organs.

scholarly journals Visual Scale as a Non-Invasive Method for Evaluation of Risk and Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
M. V. Zhatkina ◽  
N. E. Gavrilova ◽  
V. A. Metelskaya ◽  
E. B. Yarovaya ◽  
B. A. Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnosis ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Visual Scale ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Ultrasound Parameters ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Aim      To evaluate quantitative and qualitative characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) in carotid arteries (CA) and femoral arteries (FA) and to use these data for developing a visual scale (VS) for noninvasive diagnosis and determination of severity of coronary atherosclerosis.Material and methods  This study included 216 patients (115 men and 101 women) aged 24 to 87 years (mean age, 61.5±10.73 years). All patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG) for detecting and determining severity of CA atherosclerosis and duplex scanning (DS) for detecting atherosclerosis of CA and FA.Results Analysis of ultrasound parameters of ASP in CA and FA showed that the maximal ASP height, moderate stenosis and maximal stenosis of the arterial bed had higher predictive values than other ultrasound parameters. These parameters were used for forming diagnostic complexes, on the basis of which two individual VSs for CA and FA were developed. Based on the high prognostic value of both scales, they were combined into one that was named VSCOMB. A ROC analysis determined cut-off points of the VSCOMB for diagnosis of CA atherosclerosis of various severity. VSCOMB scores  >4 indicated pronounced CA atherosclerosis with sensitivity of 86.1 % and specificity of 87.5 % whereas VSCOMB scores  ≤4 excluded it. Thus, VSCOMB score 0–1 indicated the absence of CA atherosclerosis; score 2–4 indicated the presence of subclinical CA atherosclerosis; and score >4 indicated severe CA atherosclerosis.Conclusion      A VSCOMB was developed that includes a set of ultrasound parameters for CA and FA and is useful for noninvasive diagnosis of CA atherosclerosis of various severity. Simple and convenient use of VSCOMB allows it to be used at the screening stage to detect subclinical CA atherosclerosis and to prevent its progression. 

scholarly journals Sex determination in gibbons of genus Nomascus using non-invasive method

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Bolechová ◽  
Kateřina Ječmínková ◽  
Michal Hradec ◽  
Tomáš Kott ◽  
Jana Doležalová
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Template Dna

Gibbons of the genus Nomascus have a strong sexual dimorphism and dichromatism. As they mature, both sexes develop sex-specific pelage colour. In combination with physical similarities in the genitalia with both sexes, there are problems with determining the sex of young individuals compared to other genus of gibbons. This is a pilot study applying a multiplex polymerase chain reactions based on a non-invasive method for sex determination of gibbons. The study was conducted on 22 faecal samples from gibbons of the genus Nomascus. The animals were monitored by staff so that the samples were identified correctly and each sample was collected immediately after the defecation. Results confirmed the sex in all adult and juvenile animals with known sex; and 2 females and 5 males in juveniles were determined with unknown sex. The results of direct examination completely corresponded with the PCR results. The PCR reaction with template DNA isolated from faecal material required BSA usage, however, we observed the occurrence of nonspecific fragments. This did not affect the reliability of our results and we confirmed the usability of this method for this genus.

A model for the effect of bias for cholesterol on the population at risk.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2256-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Kroll ◽  
M Ruddel ◽  
R J Elin
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Methodological Bias ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The location of the Reference Value for an analyte within the population distribution affects the magnitude of error due to methodological bias. Using the gaussian distribution, we evaluated the effects of systematic and proportional biases of the method (positive and negative), mean value, and standard deviation on the magnitude of error. We chose four Reference Values for cholesterol as a model. For a population with a mean of 2.0 and SD of 0.36 g of cholesterol per liter, a 3% positive proportional bias causes sixfold more error at the 50th percentile than at the 97.5th. In general, the error for a given bias (proportional or systematic) is greater for a Reference Value within the body than at the tails of the distribution. Further, the magnitude of the error varies as a function of the mean and standard deviation of the population.

scholarly journals A Non-invasive Method for the Determination of Liquid Injectables by Raman Spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Nan Ji ◽  
Lihui Yin ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Non-invasive Prenatal Determination of Fetal Maturity

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Elena Dzikova ◽  
Goran Dimitrov ◽  
Olivera Stojceva-Taneva
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Lamellar Body ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Fetal Maturity ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The University ◽  
Body Count

Abstract Aims. The prenatal prediction of fetal maturity is very important, since neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the biggest causes of neonatal mortality. Our aim was to investigate a new non-invasive method for prediction of fetal maturity and to determine in which group according to gestational age of the fetus, the treatment works the best and in which cases it is necessary to be repeated. Methods. We examined 60 patients (30 with impending preterm delivery, divided in 3 groups: 28-30, 30-32, and 32-34 gestational weeks and 30 controls), at the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, R. Macedonia. Fetal maturity was examined using ultrasound histogram from fetal lungs and liver, correlated with gestational age and postpartum RDS. Where possible, we performed amniocentesis for lamellar body count (LBC) to correlate our results with the current invasive method for prediction of fetal maturity. Results. Pre-therapy investigation showed a strong fetal immaturity in 28-32 weeks of gestation and less evident fetal immaturity in 32-34 weeks of gestation. Seventy-two hours post-treatment, fetal maturation was low in the first group, higher in the second and the highest in the third group. Amniocentesis for LBC showed correlation with the ultrasound results. Postpartum results were correlated with pre-delivery ultrasound and showed significance of p <0.05. Conclusion. The results obtained in our study were with high significance, and they were in correlation with other similar studies. However, more extensive investigations should be made to replace the current invasive technique.

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