scholarly journals Distribution and Phytocoenotic Context of Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mack. in South-Eastern Carpathians

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mihai PUSCAS
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The One ◽  
Southern Carpathians

This study proposes a critical analysis of the distribution and habitat requirements of the rare arctic-alpine plant species Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mack. in the South-Eastern Carpathians. The species was recorded in this part of Carpathians only from Romania, in Bucegi Mountains. The mention of K. simpliciuscula in Rodna Mountains (Eastern Carpathians) is considered to be erroneous. K. simpliciuscula was found in the Southern Carpathians in a different habitat type compared to the one characteristic for populations in the Arctic and the Alps. The species does not grow in the pioneer phytocoenoses of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae alliance but, on the contrary, in dry calciphilous alpine vegetation included in Oxytropido-Elynion. The plant communities where K. simpliciuscula was found in Bucegi Mountains belong to Achilleo schurii-Dryadetum (Beldie 1967) Coldea 1984. These phytocoenoses are very similar to those described for the species in Belianske Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians, Slovakia).

Must We Save the Language? Children’s Discourse on Language and Community in Provençal and Scottish Language Revitalization Movements

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Costa Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Revitalization Movements ◽  
The One

This chapter proposes a critical analysis of the types of discourse articulated by children involved in language revitalization programmes in two Western European contexts: Provence (south-eastern France) and southern Scotland. It focuses on how the minority language (Occitan and Scots) is described and what this means for how children categorize the language and speech communities within which they are being socialized. Of all the social actors involved in language revitalization programmes, and despite the central part they play, children are the only ones whose opinion on participation is never required. Children occupy a very ambiguous place in language revitalization movements. On the one hand, they are perceived as the embodiment of the future of the language, while, on the other hand, they are often accused of not speaking the language properly or of mixing minority and dominant languages. This seems to be a fairly widespread pattern in Europe, where ‘neo-speakers’ are generally viewed with mistrust.

scholarly journals IV.—On Mr. Helland's Theory of the Formation of Cirques

1877 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
T. G. Bonney
Keyword(s):  
Quarterly Journal ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Important Paper ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
Present Purpose ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The One

In the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society (vol. xxxiii. p. 142) is an important paper by Mr. Helland, on Fjords, Lakes, and Cirques in Norway and Greenland. In this he notices a theory of mine on the formation of cirques which was published in the same journal (vol. xxvii. p. 312). As I mentioned in a note attached to his paper, he somewhat misunderstands me, supposing apparently that I describe only cirques of a small size,—the fact being, that, so far as I know, the Alpine cirques are quite commensurate with those of Norway. This, however, is of slight importance. My present purpose is to give reasons why, after further observations in the Alps and Pyrenees, and even in the British Isles, I still prefer the explanation then advanced, that the cirques are mainly produced by the combined erosive action of streamlets, to the one given by Mr. Helland, that a cirque is a result of glacial action.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary History, Diversity, and Ecology of Willows (Salix L.) in the European Alps

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Natascha D. Wagner ◽  
Li He ◽  
Elvira Hörandl
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
The Alps

The genus Salix (willows), with 33 species, represents the most diverse genus of woody plants in the European Alps. Many species dominate subalpine and alpine types of vegetation. Despite a long history of research on willows, the evolutionary and ecological factors for this species richness are poorly known. Here we will review recent progress in research on phylogenetic relationships, evolution, ecology, and speciation in alpine willows. Phylogenomic reconstructions suggest multiple colonization of the Alps, probably from the late Miocene onward, and reject hypotheses of a single radiation. Relatives occur in the Arctic and in temperate Eurasia. Most species are widespread in the European mountain systems or in the European lowlands. Within the Alps, species differ ecologically according to different elevational zones and habitat preferences. Homoploid hybridization is a frequent process in willows and happens mostly after climatic fluctuations and secondary contact. Breakdown of the ecological crossing barriers of species is followed by introgressive hybridization. Polyploidy is an important speciation mechanism, as 40% of species are polyploid, including the four endemic species of the Alps. Phylogenomic data suggest an allopolyploid origin for all taxa analyzed so far. Further studies are needed to specifically analyze biogeographical history, character evolution, and genome evolution of polyploids.

scholarly journals Indigenous economies in the Arctic

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gladun ◽  
Soili Nysten-Haarala ◽  
Svetlana Tulaeva
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The One

There is a growing global interest in Arctic natural resources that have a strong influence on the local economies. The Arctic economy is a rather unique phenomenon encompassing Indigenous practices, local economic activities, and industrial development. Indigenous economies vary across the Arctic states and exhibit divergent economic mixtures. In globalizing societies and full market economies, traditional Indigenous economies are changing and perceived especially by the non-Indigenous to be a tribute to old customs rather than a way of life that is being followed by the young generation. However, certain groups of the contemporary Indigenous populations in the Arctic continue to preserve their culture and ensure the continuation of Indigenous ways of life. The development of Indigenous communities is closely linked to their economic well-being, on the one hand, and to their culture and traditions, on the other. Our article contributes to the discussion on the significance of Indigenous economies in providing sustainability in terms of Indigenous communities, their culture, and traditions. The research objective is to identify strategies and tools that sustain Indigenous economies as well as the goals of various stakeholders in encouraging and supporting the traditional economic activities of Indigenous peoples. We contrast three countries—Russia, Finland, and the United States (Alaska)—and discuss some governmental strategies that can be employed for preserving unique Indigenous economies. The research methods consist of a content analysis of state and regional legislation and strategies, social studies of stakeholders’ opinions, case studies describing market infrastructure, and economic activities as well as features of traditional lifestyles and Indigenous knowledge typical of these regions.

scholarly journals The Geopolitical Identity of the Bulgarian Nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
A. A. Kovalevskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Small State ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Political Events ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The One

The article considers the issues of the nature and conditions of the formation of the geopolitical identity of the Bulgarian nation. The author analyzes the specifics of geopolitical thinking in Bulgaria as a small state in South-Eastern Europe associated, on the one hand, with the approval of the “central”, “core” position of Bulgaria on the Balkan Peninsula, and with belonging to “Intermediate Europe” (“Wide South-Eastern Europe”) along with all other Balkan countries on the other hand. It has been shown that the fundamental Bulgarian geopolitical notions are not part of any clearly articulated doctrine, as was the case in neighboring Greece or Serbia, but are the result of a number of political events, due to which the modern Bulgarian national identity begins to take shape. First of all, we are talking about the firman of the Ottoman Sultan, according to which the Bulgarian Autocephalous Church – Exarchate was founded on March 11, 1870, and after that the draft about autonomous Bulgaria worked out at the Istanbul Conference of Ambassadors of the Great Powers (December 1876), and finally – San - Stefan Peace Treaty of 1878, which completed the formation of the national geopolitical ideal of "Greater Bulgaria."

scholarly journals Whereas an observer has nothing to do with it!

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Emir E. Ashursky
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The One ◽  
Current Potential ◽  
The Way

In this article, the author, as possible, subjects to a comprehensive (though mostly, it's true, critical) analysis the one-sided attempts of a number of current Western astrophysicists to somehow substantiate the well-known Fermi paradox. Is it a joke to say: in own perverted designs, some of them even go so far as to unceremoniously rearrange the cause with the effect! However, so to speak, "for greater pluralism of views", we'll along the way quote many other, much clearer and sapider opinions on this topic | right from the lips of alternatively thinking scholars (and besides - I note - with a world name!). Wherein some of them frankly assess the today stalemate uncertainty as a kind of creative stagnation; second are inclined towards the version of consumerity-driven global theoretical shift; while third directly declare that it is time for representatives of the exact sciences, obviously, to prepare for the change of the old starry paradigm to cardinally updated one. But still, without waiting for the weather by the sea (as well as just for spite the arrogant purse-proud Yankees, who, alas, do not seriously recognize our current potential capabilities, or even past truly grandiose achievements), here we will try independently to resolve some of the most controversial issues.

scholarly journals Hygrocybe salicis-herbaceae (Agaricomycetes, Hygrophoraceae): an arctic-alpine species new to the South-Eastern Carpathians (Romania)

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Anna Ronikier
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Alpine Zone ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Micromorphological Characters

New localities of <em>Hygrocybe salicis-herbaceae</em> were observed during the research on the fungi of the alpine zone in the Carpathians. This is the first record of this arctic-alpine fungus in the South-Eastern Carpathians. Macro- and micromorphological characters of the Carpathian collections are compared with the descriptions from other regions. A revision of literature data indicates that the sites in the Parâng Mts. reported here are the only known localities of the species from the entire Carpathian range.

scholarly journals Desecuritization as Displacement of Controversy: geopolitics, law and sovereign rights in the Arctic

Politik ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Jacobsen ◽  
Jeppe Strandsbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
International Law ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One

By signing the Ilulissat Declaration of May 2008, the five littoral states of the Arctic Ocean pre-emptively desecuritized potential geopolitical controversies in the Arctic Ocean by confirming that international law and geo-science are the defining factors underlying the future delimitation. This happened in response to a rising securitization discourse fueled by commentators and the media in the wake of the 2007 Russian flag planting on the geographical North Pole seabed, which also triggered harder interstate rhetoric and dramatic headlines. This case, however, challenges some established conventions within securitization theory. It was state elites that initiated desecuritization and they did so by shifting issues in danger of being securitized from security to other techniques of government. Contrary to the democratic ethos of the theory, these shifts do not necessarily represent more democratic procedures. Instead, each of these techniques are populated by their own experts and technocrats operating according to logics of right (law) and accuracy (science). While shifting techniques of government might diminish the danger of securitized relations between states, the shift generates a displacement of controversy. Within international law we have seen controversy over its ontological foundations and within science we have seen controversy over standards of science. Each of these are amplified and take a particularly political significance when an issue is securitized via relocation to another technique. While the Ilulissat Declaration has been successful in minimizing the horizontal conflict potential between states it has simultaneously given way for vertical disputes between the signatory states on the one hand and the Indigenous peoples of the Arctic on the other.

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