scholarly journals English supplementive ing-clauses and their German and Swedish correspondences

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Ström-Herold ◽  
Magnus Levin
Keyword(s):  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Fiction

This paper investigates English supplementive ing-clauses (e.g., Hitler exploded, demanding examples.) in German and Swedish contrast. The material consists of popular non-fiction originals and their translations from the Linnaeus University English-German-Swedish corpus (LEGS) (version 0.1). The results show that coordination is the most frequent correspondence of supplementive ing-clauses in German and Swedish translations and originals. Like the supplementive ing-clause, a coordination is a compressed and semantically indeterminate structure. The other major correspondences include subordination, main clause and prepositional phrase. German translators more often use main clauses than Swedish translators, which seems to be related to an increasing German tendency for parataxis rather than hypotaxis. A number of German and Swedish instances involve different kinds of explicitation, including conjunctions and German pronominal adverbs.

scholarly journals A taxonomy of antonymy in Arabic: Egyptian and Saudi proverbs in comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-222
Author(s):  
Hamada Hassanein ◽  
Mohammad Mahzari
Keyword(s):  
Main Clause ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
News Discourse ◽  
Discourse Functions ◽  
Syntactic Frames

Abstract This study has set out to identify, quantify, typify, and exemplify the discourse functions of canonical antonymy in Arabic paremiography by comparing two manually collected datasets from Egyptian and Saudi (Najdi) dialects. Building upon Jones’s (2002) most extensive and often-cited classification of the discourse functions of antonyms as they co-occur within syntactic frames in news discourse, the study has substantially revised this classification and developed a provisional and dynamic typology thereof. Two major textual functions are found to be quantitatively significant and qualitatively preponderant: ancillarity (wherein an A-pair of canonical antonyms project their antonymicity onto a more important B-pair) and coordination (wherein one antonym holds an inclusive or exhaustive relation to another antonym). Three new functions have been developed and added to the retrieved classification: subordination (wherein one antonym occurs in a subordinate clause while the other occurs in a main clause), case-marking (wherein two opposite cases are served by two antonyms), and replacement (wherein one antonym is substituted with another). Semicanonical and noncanonical guises of antonymy are left and recommended for future research.

Fiktionalität des Faktischen

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Nikola Von Merveldt
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
Empire State Building ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Semantic Distinction ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below] Am 1. April 1989 wird das Empire State Building von einem reichen Ölscheich gekauft, der es Stein für Stein, Stahlstrebe für Stahlstrebe, im Wüstensand wieder aufbauen lassen will. Der Schotte James Mac Killian reist von 1923–1925 in einem Heißluftballon um die Welt und berichtet davon. Und in den Fragmenten des Geographenvolks der Orbæ lassen sich versunkene Welten erahnen, die sich mutige Reisende erschlossen und dokumentiert haben. Irritiert mag man sich fragen, ob einem diese Fakten entgangen sind, oder ob David Macaulays Unbuilding (1980) fake news ist, Caroline Mac Killians Journey of the Zephyr (2010) eine Lüge und die beeindruckende Bildbandtrilogie von François Place, Atlas des géographes d’Orbæ (1996–2000), eine unverfrorene Fälschung. Oder sind alle drei ›einfach‹ Bilderbücher und somit ohnehin Fiktion, ja Kunst mit all den ihr zustehenden Freiheiten? Fictionality of the FactualReflections on the Poetics of Non-Fiction for Young Readers Drawing on recent research in narratology and theories of fiction, this article proposes ways of productively looking at non­fiction for children beyond the fact­fiction divide. The key to a differentiated analytical toolkit is the semantic distinction between the real and fictional content on the one hand – the question of referentiality – and the prag­matic difference between factual and fictional ways of presenting it on the other hand – whether it lays a claim or not to referential truthfulness on the discursive level. These categories, analysed according to a three­step model developed by Nickel­Bacon, Groeben and Schreier (2000), allow for a nuanced description of the many hybrid forms of non­fiction, especially information picture books. This article will present a typology of dif­ferent variations on the ›fictionality of the factual‹ and the ›factuality of the fictional‹ in current information books for young readers, and show that there is more fiction in non­fiction than is commonly assumed.

ANÀLISI CONTRASTIVA INTERDIALECTAL DE LA FRASEOLOGIA: EL CAS DE DÉU-N’HI-DO, AUSA(D)ES/A GOSA(D)ES I ESPAIET

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-175
Author(s):  
Pelegrí Sancho Cremades
Keyword(s):  
Basic Function ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Syntactic Behavior ◽  
Syntactic Differences

Déu-n’hi-do, ausa(d)es/a gosa(d)es, and espaiet are improper interjections, resulting from the grammaticalization of a sentence (déu-n’hi-do), a prepositional phrase (ausa[d]es), and the diminutive form of an adverb (espaiet), respectively. From a pragmatic perspective, the basic function of these interjections is that of emphasis or intensification. Déu-n’hi-do, ausa(d)es/a gosa(d)es, and espaiet are not entirely equivalent, because they have followed different paths to grammaticalization. When used for emphasis, Déu-n’hi-do, ausa(d)es/a gosa(d)es, and espaiet do not differ substantially at the semantic or pragmatic level. On the other hand, they do present marked syntactic differences: Déu-n’hi-do is used only with emphatic quantitative constructions (such as Déu-n’hi-do, quin concert més divertit!), while ausades may be classified with these constructions (Ausades quin concert més divertit!) or may also take as complement a clause introduced by unstressed que (Ausades que va ser divertit el concert). The syntactic behavior of espaiet is parallel to that of Déu-n’hi-do. Used alone, ausades permits above all the contextual interpretation of the manifestation of the emphasized agreement, while déu-n’hi-do and espaiet admit the interpretation of a much greater variety of subjective attitudes on the part of the speaker, according to context and intonation.

Changing the Topic

Mnemosyne ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger J. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
The One ◽  
Topic Constructions

AbstractIn Ancient Greek, topics can be expressed as intra-clausal constituents but they can also precede or follow the main clause as extra-clausal constituents. Together, these various topic expressions constitute a coherent system of complementary pragmatic functions. For a comprehensive account of topic organization, therefore, a limited focus on the clause proper is insufficient. In this paper, I will argue that it is possible to distinguish five different structural positions in which topic constituents may appear in Ancient Greek. These are: (i)Theme, (ii)clause-initial, (iii)postverbal in Setting, (iv)postverbal in main clauseand (v)Tail.Each of these positions in the sentence is associated with a specific pragmatic function: Resumed Topic, Contrastive/New Topic, Given Topic or clarification of Given Topic. In linguistic theory, topic and focus are often seen as independent aspects of information structure instead of complementary functions. It is, therefore, attractive to posit two separate sets of constructional templates: on the one hand, a topic set comprising the aforementioned topic constructions and, on the other hand, a focus set containing two (narrow and broad) focus-constructions. This results in a flexible system in which the word order of each sentence is determined by a combination of a focus construction plus one or more topic constructions.

Foregrounding of subordinate clauses by word order: Psycholinguistic evidence of the function of V>Adv (V2) word order in Danish

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-273
Author(s):  
Marie Herget Christensen ◽  
Tanya Karoli Christensen ◽  
Torben Juel Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Clause Complex

AbstractIn modern Danish, main clauses have the word order X>Verb>Adverb (i. e., V2) whereas subordinate clauses are generally characterized by the “subordinate clause” word order Subject>Adverb>Verb. Spoken Danish has a high frequency of “main clause” word order in subordinate clauses, however, and in the article we argue that this “Main Clause Phenomena” (cf. Aelbrecht et  al. 2012) functions as a foregrounding device, signaling that the more important information of the clause complex is to be found in the subordinate clause instead of in its matrix clause.A prediction from the foregrounding hypothesis is that a subordinate clause with Verb>Adverb word order will attract more attention than a clause with Adverb>Verb word order. To test this, we conducted an experiment under the text change paradigm. 59 students each read 24 constructions twice, each containing a subordinate clause with either Verb>Adverb or Adverb>Verb word order. Half of the subordinate clauses were governed by a semifactive predicate (open to both word orders) and the other half by a semantically secondary sentence (in itself strongly favoring Verb>Adverb word order). Attention to the subordinate clause was tested by measuring how disinclined the participants were to notice change of a word in the subordinate clause when re-reading it.Results showed significantly more attention to Verb>Adverb clauses than to Adverb>Verb clauses (though only under semifactive predicates), and more attention to subordinate clauses under semantically secondary than semifactive predicates. We consider this as strongly supporting the hypothesis that Verb>Adv word order functions as a foregrounding signal in subordinate clauses.

The Development of Tense Markers from Demonstrative Pronouns in Panare (Cariban)

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spike Gildea
Keyword(s):  
Main Clause ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Spatial Deixis ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Nominal Clauses

Two synchronic tense-marking auxiliaries in Panare are derived etymologically from demonstrative pronouns. The original pronouns differed in spatial deixis, one marking proximate ('this'), the other distal ('that'). They came to be required between predicate noun and subject in predicate nominal clauses, and thus evolved into copulas. As copulas, the deixis of the pronouns shifted to time, with proximal becoming present or immediate future and distal becoming past (but also sometimes interprétable as distant future). These copulas then evolved further to become tense auxiliaries for a new generation of main clause verbs.

scholarly journals The Syntax of Assertion and Presupposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Kajsa Djärv
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
The Other ◽  
Verb Second

This paper addresses the question of how assertion and presuppositionare reflected in the grammar. Since Kiparsky & Kiparsky (1970) and Hooper &Thompson (1973), it’s often been suggested that these notions provide the semanticpragmaticunderpinning for a range of complementation patterns, including thelicensing of so-called Main Clause Phenomena [MCP]. This paper presents a newlarge-scale experimental study, investigating the lexical and semantic-pragmaticlicensing conditions of four types of MCP (Verb Second [V2], topicalization, speechact adverbs, and scene setting adverbs) in English, Swedish, and German. Thecentral contribution of this paper is demonstrating what precise dimensions ofassertion and presupposition are reflected in the grammar: for embedded V2, whatmatters is the discourse status of the embedded proposition as new vs. Given (inthe sense of Schwarzschild 1999); a dimension which cross-cuts both factive andnon-factive verbs. The other MCP investigated show no sensitivity to either of thelexical or pragmatic factors investigated. We further show that Givenness is notreflected in a (null) DP-layer, contrary to previous claims.

scholarly journals Kan man tacka för senast eller för sig? Prepositionsfrasens struktur med utvalda svenska och polska tackformler som exempel

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
Piotr Zborowski
Keyword(s):  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Good For ◽  
Temporal Adverbs

Abstract The present paper focuses on some frequent Swedish thank formulas that do not seem to fit the pattern of thanking - either syntactically or semantically. One example of the syntactic irregularities is tack för senast, ‘thanks for last time’ (lit. ‘thanks for lastADV’), where the prepositional phrase consists of an adverbial (not a nominal) component relating to time. On the other hand, the Swedish tack för mig, ‘thanks for me / myself’, does not conform to the semantics of thanking, as it seems to suggest that the speaker himself is the only proper reason for thanking, not - as usually expected - ‘something good’ for the speaker, i.e. an action brought about for him or her by the addressee. Some similarities with the Polish phrases for thanking (which also include adverbs but are fewer and less frequent in comparison Swedish), e.g. dziękuję za dziś, ‘thanks for today’, have also been taken into consideration. Such constructions can be analysed and explained in terms of metonymy. Furthermore, the thank formulas including the temporal adverbs seem to reflect the significance of time as a special value in the Swedish culture.

scholarly journals Fictional reference as simulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
François Recanati
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Current Controversy ◽  
Fictional Names ◽  
Widespread View

According to a widespread view, the author of a fiction makes pretend assertions, which themselves rest on ancillary acts of pretend reference. Fictional discourse is thus asymmetrically dependent upon ‘serious’ (non-fictional) discourse: fictional reference and fictional assertion alike are parasitic on genuine reference and genuine assertion, which they mimic. Recently, however, several authors have criticized the pretence approach. According to the alternative, two-stage model they argue for, fiction and non-fiction are on a par (rather than one being asymmetrically dependent upon the other). This chapter shows how this debate connects with the current controversy about the force/content distinction. A sustained defence of the pretence approach is provided, and the approach is shown to extend to the parafictional uses of fictional names.

Warner, Sylvia Townsend (1893–1978)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Suh
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
International Association ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Sylvia Townsend Warner ◽  
Music Research ◽  
Lifelong Partner

Sylvia Townsend Warner was the author of novels, short stories, poetry, journalistic non-fiction, and literary criticism. Her works often inhabit settings at opposite ends of the modernist-era spectrum: on one hand, fantasy and fable worlds, and on the other, detailed contemporary domestic and historical settings incorporating themes of war, revolution, and class struggle. Warner is regarded as a pioneer of anti-colonial, LGBT, Marxist, and anti-fascist narrative, particularly in her novels of the 1920s and 1930s. Warner was born and raised in Harrow, Middlesex, England, where her father was schoolmaster at the boys’ public school. She resided in London between 1917 and 1927 to work as a musicologist and editor on the Carnegie UK Trust’s Tudor Church Music Research Project. In 1926, she met her lifelong partner, Valentine Ackland, a poet and writer in her own right, and in 1930 they moved in with each other in Dorset. Both women were committed leftist activists who joined the Communist Party in 1935. In the year, Warner joined the Executive Committee of the International Association of Writers for the Defence of Culture (IAWDC), and in 1936, she served as Secretary of the Association of Writers for Intellectual Liberty (AWIL); both were anti-fascist organisations. During the war, Warner wrote anti-fascist and Marxist articles for leftist newspapers and magazines, including Time and Tide, the Left Review, the Daily Worker, and Our Time.

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