Spatializing kinship

This paper explores children’s language socialization into kin-based peer relationships in Amdo, Tibet. I examine spontaneous interactions in one extended family to show how children link place and kinship using spatial deixis, the grammatical system that encodes context-dependent reference to location, in Amdo Tibetan. I analyze uses of spatial deixis in two interactive routines: (1) peer-group play, and (2) children’s scaffolding of infants’ roles in multiparty participation frameworks. I argue that children use their emerging deictic repertoires to ‘spatialize kinship,’ mapping kinship relations onto the immediate spaces of co-present interactions as well as the enduring places of the village’s geography. Previous studies have noted that culturally specific forms of relationality influence adults’ uses of deixis by shaping the pragmatics of interactive settings. Building on these insights, the data from Amdo demonstrate the need to consider cultural associations between place and kinship when examining the acquisition of deixis in early childhood.

DEIKSIS DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA PADA TUTURAN ANAK USIA 5 TAHUN (DEIXIS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE USED BY 5- YEARS-OLD CHILDREN)

Deixis in Indonesian Language Used by 5-Years-Old Children. Deixis is a type of language that has a different reference . This research examined the problem of Deixis in Indonesian language used by 5-years-old children. This research was means to (1) describe the form of personal deixis on 5-year-old children, (2) describe and analyze the form of spatial deixis on 5-years-old children, (3) describe and analyze the form of temporal deixis on 5-year-old children, and (4) describe the function of deixic on 5-yearold children. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with the observation method. The sources of data in this research were 5-year-old children. Data were collected using the techniques by which (a) the researcher tapped by participating while listening, participating in the conversation, and listening to the conservation, (b) she only acted as an observer on the use of language by her informants, and she noted and recorded. Data were analyzed on the basis of qualitative descriptive techniques. The research results showed that (1) personal deixis were found in several deixis forms, namely first person, second person, and third person (2) spatial deixis were found in several forms, namely proximal, semi-proximal, and distal. Meanwhile, (3) temporal deixis were found in several words, such as besok (tomorrow), kemarin (yesterday), dulu (ago), and tadi (a while ago). Based on (4) the function of deixis, the researcher found several functions, such as emotive, conative, and referential functions. Key words: deixis, form of deixis , function of deixis, children’s utterance Abstrak Deiksis dalam Bahasa Indonesia pada Tuturan Anak Usia 5 Tahun. Deiksis merupakan jenis bahasa yang memiliki acuan atau referen yang berbeda. Penelitian ini meneliti tentang masalah Deiksis dalam Bahasa Indonesia pada Tuturan Anak Usia 5 Tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mendeskripsikan wujud deiksis persona pada anak usia 5 tahun, (2) mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis wujud deiksis ruang pada anak usia 5 tahun, (3) mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis wujud deiksis waktu pada anak usia 5 tahun, dan (4) mendeskripsikan fungsi deiksis pada anak usia 5 tahun. Penelitian ini Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajarannya Vol 11, No 2, Oktober 2021 ISSN 2089-0117 (Print) Page 176 - 193 ISSN 2580-5932 (Online) 176 ǀ Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajarannya dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode observasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 5 tahun. Penggalian data ditempuh dengan menggunakan teknik simak libat cakap, teknik simak bebas libat cakap, catat, dan rekaman. Untuk menganalisis data digunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang deiksis dalam bahasa Indonesia pada tuturan anak usia 5, diperoleh kesimpulan (1) deiksis persona ditemukan beberapa wujud deiksis, yakni persona pertama, persona kedua, dan persona ketiga (2) deiksis tempat, pada anak usia 5 tahun ditemukan beberapa wujud, yakni proksimal, semi-proksimal, dan distal. Sementara itu, (3) deiksis waktu, pada anak usia 5 tahun ditemukan beberapa kata, seperti besok, kemarin, dulu, dan tadi. Berkenaan dengan (4) fungsi deiksis, pada tuturan anak usia 5 tahun ditemukan fungsi-fungsi, seperti fungsi emotif, fungsi konatif, dan fungsi referensial. Kata-kata kunci: deiksis, jenis deiksis, fungsi deiksis, tuturan anak

A DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF A SONG LYRICS ENTITLED “LOVER”

This research is a qualitative research which aims to analyze the kinds of dominant deixis in the song lyrics entitled ‘Lover’. The data collected from the lyrics then classified into types of deixis according to Levinson (1983:62) theory. The classification of the data then analyzed by relating the deixis to the references/meaning from the lyrics. The result of this research found that there are 51 deixis found in the lyrics consist of 39 personal deixis, 7 temporal deixis, and 5 spatial deixis. Most of personal deixis in ‘Lover’ lyric refer to the speaker itself which are encoded by first singular personal deixis like I and My. While for first plural personal deixis which is We, mostly refer to the speaker. Finally, this research is expected to provide an understanding of deixis and the context that is conveyed by the speaker. Keywords: Deixis, Pragmatics, Song Lyrics

Deixis as a category of journalist’s mental space in reportage message

This article systematically analyzes the cognitive structure of discursive deixis. The category of deixis is interpreted in terms of structuring actual events in reportage messages and texts, an impartial representation of objective reality as an epistemological entity reproduced and changed by the journalist. Deixis is interpreted as a pragmatic category that is structured around the corresponding ideal cognitive model, measured on the prototypical scale, since it is implemented based on nuclear and peripheral means of expression. It is argued that deictic means reproduce specific mental spaces in reportage texts, while the metaphorical generating basis for discursive deixis is spatial deixis. The functioning of discursive deixis is based on the metaphorical awareness of the reportage text as an epistemological entity unfolding in space and time. In the reportage narration, the journalist shifts the deictic center from the situation in objective reality to the textual embodiment of the image of himself / herself. In this case, the category of locativity is represented as a cognitive structure that captures the spatio-temporal characteristics of an actual event through the prism of journalistic perception. Based on these characteristics, the reader localizes this event, interprets it in terms of the general event canvas unfolding in objective reality. In the reportage text, the deictic center is not static: the detail of the actual event is carried out, among other things, by means of shifts in this center. Current events are reproduced by the journalist taking into account specific spatial and temporal parameters. These events are often considered against the background of previous or subsequent (hypothetical) eventfulness, and therefore shifts in the original deictic center of the reportage text are a natural phenomenon.

A DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF SONG LYRICS IN HELLO BY ADELE

The main purpose of this research is to analyze three types of deixis in Adele’s song lyrics. Then, the song lyrics can be analyzed using pragmatic approach, especially about deixis. Then, the song lyrics can be analyzed using pragmatic approach, specifically about deixis. This research applied descriptive qualitative methodThis research applied descriptive qualitative method. The researcher elects lyrics of the most popular songs of Adele’s Album 25. The data ware taken from one of three song lyrics in Adele’s album 25 entitled Hello for identifying and classifying the deixis into their types (person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis). Based on the results and discussion can be concluded that all deixis found in song lyrics, there are 53 words include of kinds of deixis. the person deixis was found on adele’s song as the most dominant type (43 deictic words or 75%). Second position, deixis spatial is the most found (9 deictic words or 17%), and in the last position is temporal deixis (4 deictic words or 8%)

An Analysis of Deixis on Comment Speech By Indonesian Diplomat in United Nation (PBB) 75th General Assembly Meeting 2020

Deixis is a human language phenomenon in which particular expression referential depends on context use (Williams, 2019). By knowing deixis, a speaker knows alternate reference words depending on the interlocutor, places and time conversation takes place. The study investigates deixis and its context used by diplomats and representatives from Indonesia, Silvany Pasaribu of human rights cases of Vanuatu and Papua. This study's data source was the comment speech of an Indonesian diplomat, consisting of three types of deixis based on Levinson's theory. The video was collected from YouTube. Further, to analyse the data through several processes, the researchers firstly collected all deictic expressions found in transcription, classified the deictic word into each category of deixis. The result of this study shows thirty five deixis from comment speech of Indonesian diplomat. There were twenty three personal deixis consisting of a first, second, and third person, seven spatial deixis, and five temporal deixis. Person deixis generally be delivered by person grammatical type, which replaces personal pronoun encode like community, appropriate names, and the individual pronoun compound. Spatial or place deixis based on result which expresses by the speaker on their speech were location. Temporal deixis is used to the pointing of time context speech. Further research is suggested to analyze all kinds of deixis, such as social deixis and its context.

DEIXIS IN THE SONG LYRIC “LEVEL OF CONCERN” BY TWENTY ONE PILOTS

The title of this research is deixis in the Song Lyrics “Level of Concern” by Twenty One Pilots. The objectives of this research are to identify the type of deixis and to find out the dominant types of deixis that are mostly used in the song lyrics entitled Level of Concern. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The researchers took the data from (Joseph, 2020) of the song lyric entitled “Level of Concern” by Twenty One Pilots, for it describes the current world situation, and the lyrics of the song contains a wide range of deixis that have attracted the researchers to examine this song. After conducting this research, the researchers concluded that three types of deixis namely personal, spatial, and temporal deixis. Personal deixis divided into three parts: the first person as speaker, the second person as hearer and the third person as others, with 77 words in that song. Temporal deixis showed a certain period of time which consist of 3 words, and the spatial deixis describes the location in a conversation which consist of 2 words. The major type from the whole data are personal deixis, because they represent the singer and the message which wanted to be delivered to the listeners. Keywords: Pragmatic, Deixis, Song Lyric

A DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF SONG LYRICS IN “I WANT TO BREAK FREE” BY QUEEN

A Deixis Analysis of Song Lyrics in Queen “I Want to Break Free”. The aim of the research are to analyze the three types of deixis analysis using Yule (1996) theory and to identify the dominant deixis found in the lyrics. Researchers chose this song as the subject of analysis because of the song's popularity and it also consisted of deictic words and reference meanings. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data this research are lyrics of “I want to break free” song by Queen. In addition, this song was classified into three types of deixis analysis based on their own criteria. The result of the research showed that there are three types of deixis found in the song. They are: Person deixis (94%), Spatial deixis: (3%), Temporal deixis: (3%). In addition, the highest percentage of all is Person deixis. It means that the use of personal deixis indicated the participant in this song. Keywords: Analysis, Deixis, Song, Lyrics

The Utterance of Money Enticement-Based SMS: A Challenge to the Indonesian Politeness and Unification Sustainability

The paper was inspired by the incoming short message service (SMS) offering financial support through cheques. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of SMS, and to examine the deictic expressions and the impositives and commissives of tact and generosity maxims under the perspective of the politeness principle. Data for this study were gathered from April 2019 to August 2020 through electronic observation of 24 cases sent by s to h’s personal phone number at different times and dates. Descriptive analysis was applied to understand the contents of SMS. The results of the research were corroborated with a few dimensions of information that the SMS texts promised money ranging from Rp. 100 to 175 millions. The web page addresses were fake and the senders’ names were not written. In case of person deixis, the second person singular “you” appears explicitly and implicitly. All of the web page addresses were considered psychologically spatial deixis and the temporal deixis of time and day exist. The illocutionary goal is not competitive (a), so the politeness becomes a positive character. The SMS texts are convivial (b), meaning that the illocutionary goal coincides with the social goal, for instance greeting and congratulating, but not inviting or thanking. The goal sounds great because it consists of courtesy or politeness, but the linguistic behaviour does not follow such a goal. The SMS threatens domestic politeness, and the unification for life sustainability could be disturbed. The SMS texts present bad implications for politeness in Indonesia and contribute a negative paradigm for national unification sustainability. The study suggests the importance of selection processs capability by the SMS provider in an organizational context. Keywords: Utterance, SMS, money-enticement, deixis, politeness, unification sustainability