Mild cognitive impairment in stroke patients with ischemic cerebral small-vessel disease: a forerunner of vascular dementia?

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1201-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Grau-Olivares ◽  
Adrià Arboix
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Vessel Disease

Different cognitive profiles between mild cognitive impairment due to cerebral small vessel disease and mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer’s disease origin

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
AIHONG ZHOU ◽  
JIANPING JIA
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Vessel Disease

AbstractControversy surrounds the differences of the cognitive profile between mild cognitive impairment resulting from cerebral small vessel disease (MCI-SVD) and mild cognitive impairment associated with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD). The aim of this study was to explore and compare the cognitive features of MCI-SVD and MCI-AD. MCI-SVD patients (n = 56), MCI-AD patients (n = 30), and normal control subjects (n = 80) were comprehensively evaluated with neuropsychological tests covering five cognitive domains. The performance was compared between groups. Tests that discriminated between MCI-SVD and MCI-AD were identified. Multiple cognitive domains were impaired in MCI-SVD group, while memory and executive function were mainly impaired in MCI-AD group. Compared with MCI-SVD, MCI-AD patients performed relatively worse on memory tasks, but better on processing speed measures. The AVLT Long Delay Free Recall, Digit Symbol Test, and Stroop Test Part A (performance time) in combination categorized 91.1% of MCI-SVD patients and 86.7% of MCI-AD patients correctly. Current study suggested a nonspecific neuropsychological profile for MCI-SVD and a more specific cognitive pattern in MCI-AD. MCI-AD patients demonstrated greater memory impairment with relatively preserved mental processing speed compared with MCI-SVD patients. Tests tapping these two domains might be potentially useful for differentiating MCI-SVD and MCI-AD patients. (JINS, 2009, 15, 898–905.)

scholarly journals Higher Total Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden Was Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Overall Cognitive Dysfunction: A Propensity Score-Matched Case–Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanting Li ◽  
Junliang Yuan ◽  
Wei Qin ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Shuna Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Control Study

Background and ObjectiveThe combination of neuroimaging and cognition characteristics may provide complementary information for early identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to establish the clinical relevance between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burden and MCI and further explored the cognitive characteristics linked to CSVD applying a propensity score matching (PSM) approach.MethodsThe study was designed as a case–control study. All the subjects underwent the standard clinical assessments, neuropsychological testing battery (including global cognition, memory, executive function, and speed and motor control domains), and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 1:2 nearest-neighbor matching approach without replacement was employed with a caliper of 0.15 in the PSM approach.ResultsA total of 84 MCI patients and 186 cognitively normal controls were included in this study. After PSM, 74 MCI patients and 129 controls were successfully matched, and the covariate imbalance was well eliminated. Compared with controls, the MCI group had more severe CSVD burden. In the binary logistic regression analysis, CSVD was associated with MCI after adjusting for all confounders. The results of multivariate linear regression analyses showed that higher total MRI CSVD burden was related to the deficit of cognitive performance in global cognition and three important cognitive domains after adjusting for all confounders.ConclusionCerebral small vessel disease was an independent risk factor of MCI. Moreover, higher total MRI CSVD burden was associated with the overall cognitive impairment among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.

scholarly journals In vivo neuroinflammation and cerebral small vessel disease in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Audrey Low ◽  
Elijah Mak ◽  
Maura Malpetti ◽  
Luca Passamonti ◽  
Nicolas Nicastro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Dominance Analysis ◽  
Vessel Disease

IntroductionAssociations between cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and inflammation have been largely examined using peripheral blood markers of inflammation, with few studies measuring inflammation within the brain. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between SVD and in vivo neuroinflammation using [11C]PK11195 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.MethodsForty-two participants were recruited (according to NIA-AA guidelines, 14 healthy controls, 14 mild Alzheimer’s disease, 14 amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment). Neuroinflammation was assessed using [11C]PK11195 PET imaging, a marker of microglial activation. To quantify SVD, we assessed white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds and lacunes. Composite scores were calculated for global SVD burden, and SVD subtypes of hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). General linear models examined associations between SVD and [11C]PK11195, adjusting for sex, age, education, cognition, scan interval, and corrected for multiple comparisons via false discovery rate (FDR). Dominance analysis directly compared the relative importance of hypertensive arteriopathy and CAA scores as predictors of [11C]PK11195.ResultsGlobal [11C]PK11195 binding was associated with SVD markers, particularly in regions typical of hypertensive arteriopathy: deep microbleeds (β=0.63, F(1,35)=35.24, p<0.001), deep WMH (β=0.59, t=4.91, p<0.001). In dominance analysis, hypertensive arteriopathy score outperformed CAA in predicting [11C]PK11195 binding globally and in 28 out of 37 regions of interest, especially the medial temporal lobe (β=0.66–0.76, t=3.90–5.58, FDR-corrected p (pFDR)=<0.001–0.002) and orbitofrontal cortex (β=0.51–0.57, t=3.53–4.30, pFDR=0.001–0.004).ConclusionMicroglial activation is associated with SVD, particularly with the hypertensive arteriopathy subtype of SVD. Although further research is needed to determine causality, our study suggests that targeting neuroinflammation might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for SVD.

scholarly journals Comparison of Longitudinal Changes of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Markers and Cognitive Function Between Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment With and Without NOTCH3 Variant: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy W. Yoon ◽  
Young-Eun Kim ◽  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
Chang-Seok Ki ◽  
Hyejoo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Disease Markers ◽  
Mutational Hotspots

No study yet has compared the longitudinal course and prognosis between subcortical vascular cognitive impairment patients with and without genetic component. In this study, we compared the longitudinal changes in cerebral small vessel disease markers and cognitive function between subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) patients with and without NOTCH3 variant [NOTCH3(+) svMCI vs. NOTCH3(–) svMCI]. We prospectively recruited patients with svMCI and screened for NOTCH3 variants by sequence analysis for mutational hotspots in the NOTCH3 gene. Patients were annually followed-up for 5 years through clinical interviews, neuropsychological tests, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Among 63 svMCI patients, 9 (14.3%) had either known mutations or possible pathogenic variants. The linear mixed effect models showed that the NOTCH3(+) svMCI group had much greater increases in the lacune and cerebral microbleed counts than the NOTCH3(–) svMCI group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding dementia conversion rate and neuropsychological score changes over 5 years.

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