Review On Arsenic Toxicity: Effect On Human Health And Biochemical Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Soumika Roy ◽  
Soma Samaddar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
High Concentrations

Looking at the global scenario, it has been found that a huge perccntage of population around the globe consider groundwater as their main source for drinking. But unfortunately, this main source is being heavily exposed to various heavy metals like mercury, cadmium, arsenic making it unfit for consumption, ultimately posing threat to human health out there. Although groundwater is considered as safe, but high concentrations of heavy metals like arsenic (As) (above the permissible limit) in ground water can pose risk to human health. Toxicity level of inorganic arsenic is more than the organic one. Arsenic contamination is having a worldwide effect. Arsenic is found to be carcinogcnic in nature, genotoxic as well as cytotoxic. Prolonged exposure to arsenic causes various health hazards like arsenicosis, skin cancer, pigmentation, neurobehavioral effects, impaired intellect and various other chronic illness. Creating awareness and providing proper medical care still remains a big challenge. The biomarkers of arsenic exposure include nails, hair, urine and blood sample. This paper provides an overall overview of ground water arsenic contamination, its health hazards, its toxicity and metabolism in human body. The paper also reviews various analytical techniques that are being used to detect arsenic, the collective steps required to eradicate this global problem and provide high quality safe drinking water for the future generations to come.

scholarly journals Quantification of heavy metals in canned tomato paste sold in Ubani-Umuahia, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
RI Uroko ◽  
VE Okpashi ◽  
NE Etim ◽  
AC Fidelia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Private Organization ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Predictive Risk

In recent years there has been an increase in the contaminations of heavy metals on the environment. Government and private organization have shown their interest in the effect of dietary exposure to several heavy metals. These heavy metals have been implicated in the etiology of many diseases with high risk to humans. Canned tomatoes paste is one of the important health deterioting factors to human health in Ubani-Umuahia, Nigeria. In this study atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to screen for nine heavy metals concentration in ten different brands of canned tomatoes paste sold at Ubani-Umuahia market in Nigeria. Human risk assessment was calculated using the collated data to evaluate the predictive risk of human health after the consumption of canned tomatoes paste. Results shows that lead and nickel were not detected in all the canned tomatoes. In comparison low concentrations of copper, iron, and manganese were notated but high concentrations of chromium and cadmium were detected in all the tested tomatoes pastes. Cobalt and zinc concentration was notated lower than permissible limit. The daily intake of copper, cobalt, manganese, chromium, cadmium, nickel, iron, zinc and lead were below their tolerable values in canned tomatoes. The predicted lifetime for carcinogens to occur was less than one (<1). Copper, cobalt, iron, and zinc were below the acceptable value for non-cancer risk with HQ <1.The risk of incurring cancer by ingesting canned tomatoes was within the lifetime predicted a range of (1.0E-6 to 1.0E-4). Finds suggest that prolong and persistent consumption of these heavy metals may cause toxicity and consequential heath challenges. J. bio-sci. 28: 1-11, 2020

scholarly journals Concentration and Potential Human Health Hazards of Heavy Metals in Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Purchased from Major Markets in Calabar, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Udiba Ugumanim Udiba ◽  
Udeme Uyom Udofia ◽  
Ekom R. Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Potential Human Health

Background. As water flows through habitats associated with estuaries, such as mud flats, salt marshes, sea grass and mangrove forests, pollutants such as heavy metals are filtered. The fine sediment dominant in intertidal and subtidal estuarine systems is an important sink for these contaminants. Periwinkle, which inhabit estuarine ecosystems, are known to bioaccumulate large quantities of contaminants. Objectives. In view of the widespread consumption of periwinkle in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, this study was designed to assess the concentration and potential human health hazards of heavy metals due to the consumption of this rich, inexpensive and readily available source of protein in Calabar, Nigeria. Methods. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) content of edible tissues of periwinkles obtained from major markets in Calabar were determined using Shimadzu atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model AA-6800, Japan) after wet digestion. Results. The ranges of concentration (mg/kg dry weight) were Pb (0.011–0.056), Cd (0.008–0.032), Cr (0.014–0.157) and Ni (0.053–0.261) for Watt Market and Pb (0.009–0.052), Cd (0.011–0.032), Cr (0.012–0.052) and Ni (0.012–0.322) for Mariam Market. Concentrations of all the metals were below Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), FAO/World Health Organization (WHO) and Commission of European Communities maximum permissible limits. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Pb and Cd were slightly higher compared to the recommended daily intake for the metals. The EDI of all metals under study were lower than the upper tolerable daily intake. The target hazard quotients (THQ) computed to estimate the human health risk posed by each metal were above the safe limits of unity, except for Cr. The hazard index (HI) for a typical adult of 60.7 kg body weight was found to be 9.7 for Watt Market and the relative contributions to the aggregated risk were 24.66%, 54.51%, 0.0001% and 20.70% for Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, respectively. The HI for Marian Market was 10.7 and the relative contributions to the aggregated risk were 22.31%, 57.55%, 0.06% and 20.09% for Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, respectively. Conclusions. Consumption of periwinkles purchased from major markets in Calabar poses toxicological risk with respect to Pb, Cd and Ni poisoning. Competing interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Ecological and human health hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Isfahan metropolis, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 712-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naghmeh Soltani ◽  
Behnam Keshavarzi ◽  
Farid Moore ◽  
Tahereh Tavakol ◽  
Ahmad Reza Lahijanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Provincial and seasonal influences on heavy metals in the Noyyal River of South India and their human health hazards

2021 ◽  
pp. 111998
Author(s):  
D. Karunanidhi ◽  
P. Aravinthasamy ◽  
T. Subramani ◽  
Rohana Chandrajith ◽  
N. Janardhana Raju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
South India ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Seasonal Influences

scholarly journals Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater: A Review of Sources, Prevalence, Health Risks, and Strategies for Mitigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Shankar ◽  
Uma Shanker ◽  
Shikha
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Soles Of The Feet

Arsenic contamination of groundwater in different parts of the world is an outcome of natural and/or anthropogenic sources, leading to adverse effects on human health and ecosystem. Millions of people from different countries are heavily dependent on groundwater containing elevated level of As for drinking purposes. As contamination of groundwater, poses a serious risk to human health. Excessive and prolonged exposure of inorganic As with drinking water is causing arsenicosis, a deteriorating and disabling disease characterized by skin lesions and pigmentation of the skin, patches on palm of the hands and soles of the feet. Arsenic poisoning culminates into potentially fatal diseases like skin and internal cancers. This paper reviews sources, speciation, and mobility of As and global overview of groundwater As contamination. The paper also critically reviews the As led human health risks, its uptake, metabolism, and toxicity mechanisms. The paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the alternative As free drinking water and various technologies (oxidation, coagulation flocculation, adsorption, and microbial) for mitigation of the problem of As contamination of groundwater.

Ground water arsenic contamination in West Bengal, India: A risk of sub-clinical toxicity in cattle as evident by correlation between arsenic exposure, excretion and deposition

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asit Kumar Bera ◽  
Tanmoy Rana ◽  
Subhshree Das ◽  
Debasis Bhattacharya ◽  
Subhasish Bandyopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Clinical Toxicity

Methods of experimental polyploidization and their use in apple breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
L. V. Tashmatova ◽  
O. V. Matsneva ◽  
T. M. Khromova ◽  
V. V. Shakhov
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Diploid Gametes

The article presents methods of experimental polyploidy of fruit, berry and ornamental plants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the problems and prospects of polyploidization of plants in the open ground and in vitro culture and the possibility of their application for apple trees. For the purpose of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes, seed seedlings were treated with a solution of colchicine in concentrations of 0.1-0.4 % for 24 and 48 hours. Colchicine concentrations of 0.3 % and 0.4 % at 48 hours of treatment had a detrimental eff ect on their development. As a result, tetraploids and chimeras were obtained from seeds from free pollination of the varieties Orlik, Svezhest, Kandil Orlovsky, as well as from seeds obtained from crossing the varieties Svezhest×Bolotovskoe, Moskovskoe Оzherel’e×Imrus, Girlyanda×Venyaminovskoe. The optimal concentration of colchicine was 0.1 %. Methods of colchicine treatment have been studied: 1) adding to the nutrient medium, colchicine concentration: 0.01%, 0.02%, exposure time 24h-19 days; 2) applying amitotic solution to the growth point, colchicine concentration: 0.1 %, 0.2 %, exposure time 24h-7 days. To increase the penetration of colchicine through the cell walls, a 0.1 % dimexide solution was used. Studies have shown that high concentrations and prolonged exposure to colchicine reduce the viability of explants.

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