scholarly journals Energy trends and the water-energy binomium for Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele O. Da Rocha ◽  
Jeancarlo P. Dos Anjos ◽  
Jailson B. De Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Matrix ◽  
System A ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Natural Choice ◽  
Hydropower Potential

According to the demands of energy saving and carbon emission reduction, the water vs. energy nexus has become a major concern worldwide. Brazil occupies a singular position in the global energy system. A major portion of the Brazilian occupancies has electricity and the energy system expansion that, at first, possesses adequate means for supporting the economic growing may experience some turnovers. The Brazil determination through alternative fuels was a natural choice, given its large hydropower potential and land agricultural base. In the transportation sector Brazil has developed its energy matrix towards an important rate of ethanol and biodiesel. Although those fuels are low carbon emitter, they may probably not be an affordable alternative regarding land use, food security and water footprint. In this way, considering the recent advances in the exploration of oil from Pre-salt (9-15 million barrels) and the discovery of shale gas wells up to 245 tcf, together to unfavorable social and environmental issues associated to biofuels, the Brazilian energy matrix might turn back to the fossil fuels again. These represent challenges to the Brazilian policymakers and how they will be solved will reflect not only in Brazil but also to the world at large.

Foundations for a Low-Carbon Energy System in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Lee ◽  
Daniel P. Schrag ◽  
Matthew Bunn ◽  
Michael Davidson ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Climate change is a key problem of the 21st century. China, as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has committed to stabilize its current emissions and dramatically increase the share of electricity production from non-fossil fuels by 2030. However, this is only a first step: in the longer term, China needs to aggressively strive to reach a goal of zero-emissions. Through detailed discussions of electricity pricing, electric vehicle policies, nuclear energy policies, and renewable energy policies, this book reviews how near-term climate and energy policies can affect long-term decarbonization pathways beyond 2030, building the foundations for decarbonization in advance of its realization. Focusing primarily on the electricity sector in China - the main battleground for decarbonization over the next century – it provides a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers, as well as energy and climate experts.

Renewable Hydrogen-Based Energy System for Supplying Power to Telecoms Base Station

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doudou Nanitamo Luta ◽  
Atanda K. Raji
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Renewable Hydrogen

Hydrogen is likely to play a significant role in the concept of low-carbon power generation in support to renewable energy systems. It is abundant, eco-friendly, highly efficient and have the potential to be more cost-effective than fossil fuels provided that the engineering challenges associated with its safe infrastructure development, economical extraction and storage are solved. Presently, about 50 million metric tons of hydrogen is generated on a yearly basis, most of that is used for oil refining and ammoniac production. Other applications include electric vehicles, power to gas and power generation, etc. This study focuses on the use of hydrogen for power generation. The main goal is to investigate technical and economic performances of a renewable hydrogen-based energy system as an alternative to diesel generators for powering a remote telecoms base station. The proposed energy system consists of a photovoltaic generator, an electrolyser, a fuel cell, a hydrogen tank, a battery storage system and a power-conditioning unit. The system is simulated using Homer Pro software.

scholarly journals Tuning LiBH4 for Hydrogen Storage: Destabilization, Additive, and Nanoconfinement Approaches

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Puszkiel ◽  
Aurelien Gasnier ◽  
Guillermina Amica ◽  
Fabiana Gennari
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Metal Hydrides ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Hydrogen technology has become essential to fulfill our mobile and stationary energy needs in a global low–carbon energy system. The non-renewability of fossil fuels and the increasing environmental problems caused by our fossil fuel–running economy have led to our efforts towards the application of hydrogen as an energy vector. However, the development of volumetric and gravimetric efficient hydrogen storage media is still to be addressed. LiBH4 is one of the most interesting media to store hydrogen as a compound due to its large gravimetric (18.5 wt.%) and volumetric (121 kgH2/m3) hydrogen densities. In this review, we focus on some of the main explored approaches to tune the thermodynamics and kinetics of LiBH4: (I) LiBH4 + MgH2 destabilized system, (II) metal and metal hydride added LiBH4, (III) destabilization of LiBH4 by rare-earth metal hydrides, and (IV) the nanoconfinement of LiBH4 and destabilized LiBH4 hydride systems. Thorough discussions about the reaction pathways, destabilizing and catalytic effects of metals and metal hydrides, novel synthesis processes of rare earth destabilizing agents, and all the essential aspects of nanoconfinement are led.

ALTERNATIVE FUELS IN TRANSPORT AS ENERGY SECURITY FACTOR IN EUROPEAN UNION

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (0) ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pawłowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy Union ◽  
Energy And Climate Policy

The Energy Union is aimed at providing secure, sustainable, competitive energy to the EU population at affordable prices. A thorough transformation of the European energy system is required to accomplish this goal. The Energy Union is an important project which is supposed to set a new direction and a clear long-term vision for the European energy and climate policy. Transport is one of the key sectors in terms of energy consumption. In 2015, 94% of the energy used transport originated from crude oil and the sector’s share in the total energy consumption was 34% (Eurostat, 2016). The aim of the article is to show the activities in respect of the implementation of the “Clean Energy for Transport” package and its importance for the implementation of the Energy Union objectives. The development of an alternative fuel market should reduce the dependence on oil and contribute to increased security of the energy supply for Europe, promote economic growth and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in transport. Tools aimed at supporting the transition to low-carbon economy will be analyzed in the article. The scope of popularization of alternative fuels is determined to a large extent by market conditions and the extent to which an adequate infrastructure is developed. Hence, particular emphasis will be placed on the priorities for the development of technology and research, technical integration of solutions and financial support for alternative fuels.

Experimental Evaluation of Injection Pressure for a Mahua Oil Methyl Ester (MOME) Fueled C.I. Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 962-966
Author(s):  
B. Kondaiah ◽  
B. Durga Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Mahua Oil ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Injection Pressures

:The population explosion in India is causing heavy consumption of energy resources. Most of the transportation sector is based on diesel as fuel. In this regard, it is high time for the search of renewable alternative fuels to reduce the dependency of oil imports. The usage of fossil fuels is also causing environment pollution. To minimize the pollution, an alternative to diesel is found to be non edible Mahua oil. In the present work, experiments were carried out on Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) fuel and evaluated its performance at different injection pressures ranging from 190 to 220bar with the increment of 10 bar. The effect of blending of MOME with diesel at different injection pressures were studied experimentally to evaluate the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. It was observed from experimental results that 20% MOME (B20) have higher thermal efficiency at 190 bar compared with pure diesel and also HC and CO emissions were reduced.

scholarly journals The role of Rare Earth Elements in the deployment of wind energy in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Andrés Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Critical Minerals ◽  
Carbon Economy

The deployment of renewable energy technologies will play a crucial role in the global transition to a low-carbon economy and ultimately in the fight against global warming. However, this transition could face important problems because most of those technologies rely on the steady supply of critical minerals. Colombia, thanks to its hydrological resources, has relied on the hydro­power for electricity generation. However, the government has implemented measures to back-up the energy system in draught periods and, consequently, fossil fuels-based plants have increased the market share and with these, CO2 emissions. This study assesses the mineral demand in Colombia in the period 2020-2050 for the rare earth elements embedded in the deployment of wind power technologies in four different climate policy scenarios in order to establish whether they could face geological bott­lenecks that could ultimately hamper the transition to a low-carbon economy. The Gigawatts (GW) of future capacity additions in the energy system are converted into tons of metal using published metal intensities of use and assumptions of Colombia’s technological pathway. Then, the cumulated mineral demand is compared against current mining production rates and geological reserves to establish geological bottlenecks. The results show that the reserves will not pose any threat to its transition. However, when compared to current mining rates, the mineral demand in 2050 could pose a problem for the supply of minerals. Finally, this study gives some policy recommendations that could be used to mitigate these issues, such as substitution, improved circular economy and sound technological choices.

scholarly journals Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Non-Consumables Oils in Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Matrix ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Research

In the country and the world, it has become aware about the characteristics of non-renewable fossil fuels, and the high use of transport vehicles that use these fuels, in addition to industries and other sectors; these have boosted global research on alternative fuels, especially those derived from biomass. Peru in the change of its energy matrix has taken actions that allow it to increase the use of renewable energies such as biodiesel and bioethanol. Currently there are other proposals such as biorefineries that allow the greatest use of their natural resources. The investigations that have been carried out since 2010 have allowed us to have a technological contribution for the sustainable production of biodiesel in Peru.

scholarly journals Modeling the low-carbon transition of the European energy system - A quantitative assessment of the stranded assets problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 100422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Löffler ◽  
Thorsten Burandt ◽  
Karlo Hainsch ◽  
Pao-Yu Oei
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
System A
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