scholarly journals Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of attention and ADHD comorbidity in a sample of children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Regina Carvalho Machado da Costa ◽  
Guilherme de Macêdo Oliveira ◽  
Marleide da Mota Gomes ◽  
Heber de Souza Maia Filho
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Children with epilepsy present significant problems concerning attention and comorbidity with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective To determine the prevalence of attention complaints, ADHD diagnosis and attention profile in a sample of children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy. Method 36 children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy and 37 genre and age matched healthy controls underwent several procedures to diagnose their neuropsychological profile and comorbidity with ADHD. Results The prevalence of ADHD was higher in patients with epilepsy [χ2= 4.1, p = 0.043, 6 (16.7%) vs 1 (2.7%)], with worse results in attention related WISC items and factors in patients with epilepsy comparing to the controls, but not between patients with and without ADHD. Clinical characteristics did not influence those results. Conclusion This study found a greater prevalence of problems wih attention in pediatric patients with idiopathic epilepsy, but not a distinct profile between those with or without ADHD.

scholarly journals Sleep EEG slow-wave activity in medicated and unmedicated children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Furrer ◽  
Valeria Jaramillo ◽  
Carina Volk ◽  
Maya Ringli ◽  
Robert Aellen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes

AbstractSlow waves (1–4.5 Hz) are the most characteristic oscillations of deep non-rapid eye movement sleep. The EEG power in this frequency range (slow-wave activity, SWA) parallels changes in cortical connectivity (i.e., synaptic density) during development. In patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), prefrontal cortical development was shown to be delayed and global gray matter volumes to be smaller compared to healthy controls. Using data of all-night recordings assessed with high-density sleep EEG of 50 children and adolescents with ADHD (mean age: 12.2 years, range: 8–16 years, 13 female) and 86 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (mean age: 12.2 years, range: 8–16 years, 23 female), we investigated if ADHD patients differ in the level of SWA. Furthermore, we examined the effect of stimulant medication. ADHD patients showed a reduction in SWA across the whole brain (−20.5%) compared to healthy controls. A subgroup analysis revealed that this decrease was not significant in patients who were taking stimulant medication on a regular basis at the time of their participation in the study. Assuming that SWA directly reflects synaptic density, the present findings are in line with previous data of neuroimaging studies showing smaller gray matter volumes in ADHD patients and its normalization with stimulant medication.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: association with quality of life and behavioral aspects

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcone de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Mayke Felipe Dias Marinho ◽  
Stela Maris Aguiar Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

Abstract Objective: To identify associations between clinical characteristics of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their sociodemographic aspects, quality of life, and results from the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Methods: This is an observational analytical cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample consisting of 72 children diagnosed with ADHD, aged 6 to 13 years, treated at 2 neuropediatric outpatient clinics. The instruments used were the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV (MTA-SNAP-IV), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB), and the Quality of Life Assessment Scale for Children and Adolescents (AUQEI). We performed descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses, considering a 5% significance level. Results: SDQ results were associated with abnormal MTA-SNAP-IV results (inattentive/hyperactive/combined). A 1-point increment in the SDQ score increased by 36.5% the likelihood of the child having an abnormal MTA-SNAP-IV classification. Regarding AUQEI, 30.6% of participants perceived their quality of life as poor and 69.4% as good. Conclusions: A higher SDQ score increased the child's chance of having an abnormal MTA-SNAP-IV result.

On the positive association between candy and fruit gum consumption and hyperactivity in children and adolescents with ADHD

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
Nicole Wolff ◽  
Charlotte Reimelt ◽  
Stefan Ehrlich ◽  
Heike Hölling ◽  
Sabine Mogwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
German Health ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Hyperactive Behaviour

Abstract. Objective: The purpose of the present study was the analysis of the association between consumption of candy and fruit gums, diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and behavioural problems. Methods: In total, 1,187 children and adolescents of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) were analyzed. Results: It was observed that children and adolescents with ADHD as compared to healthy controls (HC) reported to consume more frequently and higher amounts of candy and fruit gums and that hyperactivity was associated with frequent candy and fruit gum consumption. Conclusions: Because with the present design no conclusions on causality or directionality of the found associations could be drawn, results are discussed quite broadly in the light of several previously published interpretations, also to serve as a generator for further research. One more innovative speculation is that children and adolescents with ADHD may consume more frequently candy and fruit gums in order i) to compensate for their higher needs of energy resulting from hyperactive behaviour and/or ii) to compensate for the ADHD-typical deficits in the “reward cascade”.

scholarly journals Impulsivity in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Stevens ◽  
Herbert Roeyers ◽  
Geert Dom ◽  
Leen Joos ◽  
Wouter Vanderplasschen
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Information Sampling ◽  
The Impact

Background: Cocaine-dependent individuals (CDI) display increased impulsivity. However, despite its multifactorial nature most studies in CDI have treated impulsivity monolithically. Moreover, the impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has often not been taken into account. This study investigates whether CDI with ADHD (CDI+ADHD) differ from CDI without an ADHD diagnosis and healthy controls (HC) on several impulsivity measures. Methods: Thirty-four CDI, 25 CDI+ADHD and 28 HC participated in this study. Trait impulsivity was assessed with the motor, attentional and non-planning subscales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Neurocognitive dimensions of impulsivity were examined with the stop signal task (SST), delay discounting task (DDT) and information sampling task (IST). Results: Relative to HC, both CDI and CDI+ADHD scored higher on all BIS-11 subscales, required more time to inhibit their responses (SST) and sampled less information before making a decision (IST). Greater discounting of delayed rewards (DDT) was only found among CDI+ADHD. Compared to CDI without ADHD, CDI+ADHD scored higher on the BIS-11 non-planning and total scale and showed higher discounting rates. Conclusion: CDI score higher on several indices of impulsivity relative to HC, regardless of whether they have concomitant ADHD or not. CDI+ADHD are specifically characterized by a lack of future orientation compared to CDI without ADHD.

scholarly journals The association between thyroid function biomarkers and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Albrecht ◽  
Till Ittermann ◽  
Michael Thamm ◽  
Hans-Jörgen Grabe ◽  
Martin Bahls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract The relation between thyroid function biomarkers and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents is currently unclear. Cross-sectional data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Baseline) was analyzed to assess the association between thyroid function biomarkers and ADHD in a population-based, nationally representative sample. The study cohort included 11,588 children and adolescents with 572 and 559 having an ADHD diagnosis or symptoms, respectively. ADHD symptoms were assessed through the Inattention/Hyperactivity subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. ADHD diagnosis was determined by a physician or psychologist. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations were determined enzymatically. Adjusted regression models were used to relate serum TSH, fT3, and fT4 with risk for ADHD diagnosis or symptoms. In children, a 1 mIU/l higher TSH was related to a 10% lower risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–1.00) of ADHD diagnosis. We found a significant positive association between fT3 and continuously assessed ADHD symptoms in children (β 0.08; 95% CI 0.03–0.14). Our results suggest that physical maturity may influence the association between thyroid function biomarkers and risk for ADHD.

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