scholarly journals BUD DORMANCY INTENSITY IN PEACH TREE CULTIVARS BY BIOLOGICAL AND TETRAZOLIUM TEST

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELDA ALVES ◽  
LUIS ANTONIO BIASI ◽  
LOUISE LARISSA MAY-DE-MIO
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Biological Test ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

ABSTRACT Temperate climate fruit trees often exhibit uneven budding and flowering, due to the low number of chilling hours that determine the occurrence of dormancy and its depth. The objective of this study was to determine the depth of bud dormancy in peach tree cultivars and evaluate the efficiency of the tetrazolium test for dormancy and comparing with biological test. Branches of the cultivars Aurora 1, Chimarrita, Chiripá, Coral, Eldorado, Granada, Leonense, Maciel, Marli, Premier, and Vanguard were collected between May and August 2008 at two locations: Curitiba and Lapa. The evaluation of dormancy was performed using a biological test of single node cuttings through the parameters: average time for bud burst, velocity of bud burst, final rate of bud burst and rate of vigorous bud burst. For the tetrazolium test, 300 mg of buds was used and the color intensity readings were obtained using a spectrophotometer. The peach tree cultivars evaluated differ in the intensity of dormancy in late fall. The most intense endodormancy cultivars found were: Chiripá, Leonense and Eldorado cultivars, and the weaker cultivars found were: Aurora 1 and Maciel. The tetrazolium test was efficient at estimating the intensity of dormancy in peach trees when the occurrence of cold was suitable for installation endodormancy. At a location with the lowest occurrence of cold (Curitiba), the tetrazolium test did not simulated successfully the biological test results.

Differentiated dynamics of bud dormancy and growth in temperate fruit trees relating to bud phenology adaptation, the case of apple and almond trees

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1695-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnane El Yaacoubi ◽  
Gustavo Malagi ◽  
Ahmed Oukabli ◽  
Idemir Citadin ◽  
Majida Hafidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Bud Phenology

scholarly journals Free amino acids in the xylem sap of pear trees during dormancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1136-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Carlos Marafon ◽  
Flavio Gilberto Herter ◽  
Fernando José Hawerroth ◽  
Adriana Neutzling Bierhals
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Effective Use

ABSTRACT: Storage and remobilization are considered key processes for the effective use of nitrogen in temperate fruit trees. As dormancy begins, storage proteins are synthesized, coinciding with a reduction in the levels of free amino acids. Consequently, as dormancy breaks, these storage proteins are degraded, and an increase in the concentrations of amino acids occurs, in order to support new growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate water content of different vegetative tissues (buds, bark, and bole wood), volume of xylem sap, and free amino acid concentrations of xylem sap, during winter dormancy of Hosui Japanese pear trees (VL). Plant material was obtained from the Embrapa Temperate Climate experimental orchard at Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Xylem sap was extracted from the branches with the aid of a vacuum pump, and the free amino acids were determined by gas chromatography, using the EZ kit: Faast GC/FID (Phenomenex). Water content of buds, as well as the volume of sap and concentrations of both aspartic acid and asparagine, substantially increased over time, reaching maximum values in the phase preceding sprouting.

scholarly journals Dwarfing-canopy and rootstock cultivars for fruit trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Donadio ◽  
Ildo Eliezer Lederman ◽  
Sergio Ruffo Roberto ◽  
Eduardo Sanches Stucchi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Dwarf Rootstocks ◽  
Dwarfing Rootstocks

Abstract As fruit trees generally have a large size, the production of small or even dwarf trees is of great interest for most of fruit crops. In this review, some of the main tropical, subtropical and temperate fruit trees that have small or even dwarfing cultivars are approached. The causes of dwarfism, although the use of dwarfing rootstocks, is the main theme of this review. The factors that affect the size of the fruit trees are also approached, as well the dwarf cultivars of banana, papaya and cashew, and the dwarf rootstocks for guava, mango, anonaceae, loquat, citrus, apple and peach trees.

scholarly journals Torsion of canes and hydrogenated cyanamide in bud bursting and production of grapevine cv. Itália muscat in the São Francisco valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tales Gonçalves Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro Igor Rodrigues Modesto ◽  
Jackson Teixeira Lobo ◽  
Jenilton Gomes da Cunha ◽  
Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract The grapevine cultivated in tropical regions, such as the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley, exhibits a strong bud dormancy and high apical dominance, thus presenting the need for the utilization of products that promote the dormancy breaking of the buds. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of the application of hydrogenated cyanamide and the practice of cane torsion over the breaking of bud dormancy, bud burst and yield of grapevine cv. Italia Muscat in the conditions of the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, PE state, during two production cycles (2015-2016). The adopted design was in randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, referring to the torsion of canes (with and without) and the different doses [D1: hydrogenated cyanamide (H2CN2) 2.45%; D2: hydrogenated cyanamide (H2CN2) 2.94%], with four replicates. The use of the hydrogenated cyanamide associated to the torsion of canes influences in a distinct manner the studied variables, in the different production cycles, although increments in production and yield occur in both. Therefore, the use of 2.94% of H2CN2 along with the torsion of canes is a recommended practice for the increase in the bud burst rate and yield of grapevine cv. Italia Muscat, cultivated in the region of the Sub-medium of the São Francisco Valley.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Botryosphaeria spp. Causing Gummosis of Peach Trees in Hubei Province, Central China

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Guohuai Li ◽  
Junbin Huang ◽  
Tom Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Fusicoccum Aesculi ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Genomic Regions

Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the most important and widely grown fruit trees in China; however, perennial gummosis on trunks and branches is a major problem in peach orchards of Hubei Province, one of the most important peach production areas of China. In order to identify the gummosis-causing agents, diseased trunks and branches were collected from 11 peach orchards in Hubei Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from these samples, yielding three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea (anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi), B. rhodina (anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae), and B. obtusa (anamorph Diplodia seriata). They were identified based on conidial morphology and cultural characteristics, as well as analyses of nucleotide sequences of three genomic regions: the internal transcribed spacer region, a partial sequence of the β-tubulin gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene. Fusicoccum aesculi was found in all 11 orchards but L. theobromae was found only in Shayang County in the Jingmen region and D. seriata only in Gong'an County in the Jingzhou region. Via artificial inoculation using mycelia on wounded twigs or branches, these three species were all found to be pathogenic, causing dark lesions on the twigs and branches and, sometimes, gum exudation from diseased parts. Isolates of L. theobromae were the most virulent and caused the largest lesions and most copious gummosis, and D. seriata had less gum than the other two species. This report represents the first description of L. theobromae and D. seriata as causal agents of gummosis on peach in China.

The growth of young peach trees following infection by the viruses of peach rosette and decline disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Smith ◽  
TF Neales
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Decline Disease ◽  
Peach Trees

The vegetative growth of young peach trees was reduced greatly in the growing season following a dual infection with Prunus necrotic ringspot and prune dwarf viruses which caused the disease known as 'peach rosette and decline'. Ninety-two days after bud burst, the dry weight and leaf area of cv. Elberta scions were reduced by c. 60% as a result of infection, while the reduction in cv. Golden Queen was about 93%. The latter cultivar thus appears to be the less tolerant of infection by this virus disease.

Response of newly planted peach and apple trees to superphosphate

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
One Year ◽  
Peach Trees

The response of peach and apple trees to added superphosphate was recorded both in the nursery and later in the orchard after transplanting. The peach and apple trees responded positively to phosphate applications in both the nursery and the orchard despite the initial presence of medium to high phosphate levels in the soils. Of major interest, too, was the absence of a consistent interaction between the phosphate treatments applied in the separate years. This suggested that the trees could not accumulate enough phosphorus in any one year to influence their response to further phosphate. Leaf analysis showed two important effects in relation to the phosphate treatments. Firstly, since high rates of application of fertilizer led to only small increases in the levels of phosphorus in the leaves, tree growth rate and phosphate absorption rate are apparently closely coupled. Secondly, the deliberate withholding of phosphate fertilizer from all trees in the fourth season led to a marked decline in the levels of phosphorus in the leaves of both peach and apple, which suggested that phosphate fertilizer should be applied annually to young fruit trees. With apple, but not peach, increasing the rate of phosphate applied in the third season stimulated the number of flower buds initiated, but this effect was not simply the result of increased vegetative growth. On the other hand, phosphate application to the peach trees in the orchard resulted in a positive fruit set and yield response in the absence of any tree growth response.

scholarly journals Evolution of the grapevine bud dormancy under different thermal regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3419
Author(s):  
Rafael Anzanello
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Winter Chilling

Fluctuations in winter chilling availability impact bud dormancy and budburst. This study aimed to quantify the thermal requirements during dormancy for ‘Italia’ grape, under different thermal regimes. Cuttings of grapevines ‘Itália’ were collected in Veranópolis-RS, on April/2017, with zero chilling hours (CH). The cuttings were exposed to constant (7.2°C) or alternating (7.2 and 18°C for 12/12h, 12/12h or 18/6h) temperatures, or yet, a constant temperature (7.2°C) or alternating (7.2 and 18°C for 12/12h), combined with one or two days a week at 25°C. Periodically, part of the cuttings was transferred to 25°C for daily budburst evaluation. The induction of the endodormancy (dormancy induced by cold) occurred with 200 CH, independent of the thermal regime, and the overcoming with 300 HF, at 7.2°C. The alternating heat of 18°C in the middle of the cold did not affect the process of overcoming endodormancy. Heat waves during endodormancy resulted in an increased CH to overcome the bud dormancy. The negative effect of high temperature depended on the exposure time. Chilling was partly cancelled during dormancy when the heat wave lasted 36 continuous hours or more. These evidences serve as basis for new model adjustments for budburst prediction, especially for regions with mild and irregular winters, such as those of Southern Brazil.

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