Response of newly planted peach and apple trees to superphosphate

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
BK Taylor

The response of peach and apple trees to added superphosphate was recorded both in the nursery and later in the orchard after transplanting. The peach and apple trees responded positively to phosphate applications in both the nursery and the orchard despite the initial presence of medium to high phosphate levels in the soils. Of major interest, too, was the absence of a consistent interaction between the phosphate treatments applied in the separate years. This suggested that the trees could not accumulate enough phosphorus in any one year to influence their response to further phosphate. Leaf analysis showed two important effects in relation to the phosphate treatments. Firstly, since high rates of application of fertilizer led to only small increases in the levels of phosphorus in the leaves, tree growth rate and phosphate absorption rate are apparently closely coupled. Secondly, the deliberate withholding of phosphate fertilizer from all trees in the fourth season led to a marked decline in the levels of phosphorus in the leaves of both peach and apple, which suggested that phosphate fertilizer should be applied annually to young fruit trees. With apple, but not peach, increasing the rate of phosphate applied in the third season stimulated the number of flower buds initiated, but this effect was not simply the result of increased vegetative growth. On the other hand, phosphate application to the peach trees in the orchard resulted in a positive fruit set and yield response in the absence of any tree growth response.

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.


1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
BK Taylor ◽  
LG Issell

The response of one-year-old peach trees growing in sand culture to foliar applications of 1 per cent potassium dihydrogen phosphate given in summer, autumn, or summer � autumn after initial pH adjustment to 2.5, 4.5 or 6.5 was compared with that of controls fed � phosphate via roots. After one season, it was clear that foliar-applied phosphate had been less effective than root-applied phosphate as a means of increasing tree growth and phosphorus content. This result allied with other published information suggests that foliar applications are an inefficient means of supplying phosphate to fruit trees.


1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Baxter

The effects of keeping a strip along the tree row bare with herbicide sprays or mulched with weed-free straw were compared with either permanent pasture or cultivation. Peach trees growing in the straw mulched strips from their second year onwards grew bigger, made more growth, and produced twice as many fruit of larger size in their fourth and fifth seasons. Apple trees growing in a 1 1/2 metre wide mulched strip also made more total growth and yielded twice the weight of fruit in their fifth and sixth seasons than trees growing under cultivation. Mean fruit size of the apples from the mulched trees was larger, and the mulched apple trees carried more blossoms following a heavy crop than did the cultivated trees. Growth and fruit bearing of the peach and apple trees in the herbicide treated plots was intermediate between the control and mulch treatments.


Author(s):  
P. Sobiczewski ◽  
T. Bubán

Due to the lack of effective and non-phytotoxic materials for control of the blossom and shoot blight phase of fire blight in pome fruit trees, two novel control strategies have emerged: shoot growth retardation by bioregulators and applying resistance inducer compounds. Prohexadione calcium (ProCa) is the active ingredient of the bioregulator Regalis® registered in several European countries. The reduction of shoot growth elongation is the most obvious effect of ProCa. Furthermore, it causes significant changes in the spectrum of flavonoids and their phenolic precursors, leading to the considerable reduction of susceptibility to fire blight. In Poland, potted one-year-old apple trees of cvs. Gala Must grafted on M.26 and Sampion on M.9 (in 2001) as well as Gala Must on P.60 (in 2002) were treated with Regalis® at a range of concentration of 250, 150 or 150 + 100 ppm, respectively. The inoculation of shoots was made with the strain No.691 of E. amylovora (107 cfu/ml), on the 7th and 21st'day after treatments with Regalis. In Hungary, during the years of 2002 and 2003 one-year-old container grown apple trees of the cvs. Idared/M.9 and Freedom/M.9 were treated with the prohexadione-Ca, the active ingredient of Regalis® 100, 150 or 200 ppm, two weeks before inoculation with the Ea 1 strain of E. amylovora (107 cfu/m1). In Poland, the suppression of fire blight in shoots reached up to 80%, depending on concentration and application time of Regalis®. In Hungary, the effect of prohexadione-Ca treatments, determined by the length of necrotic lesion developed, proved to be better than that of streptomycin used for comparison.


HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1854-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renae E. Moran ◽  
James R. Schupp

'Macoun'/B.9 apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees were planted in May 1998 in ± compost or ± monoammonium phosphate (MAP) for a total of four preplant treatments: 1) 90 g phosphorus (P) per tree, 2) 128 kg compost per tree, 3) 90 g P and 128 kg compost per tree, and 4) and an untreated control. MAP did not increase tree growth or yield in any year of the study. Compost increased canopy width into the sixth year after planting, and increased tree height and trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) into the seventh year. Annual yield was increased by compost in the fifth and seventh years, but not fourth or sixth year after planting. Compost increased cumulative yield in the sixth and seventh years.


Author(s):  
V.A. Boiko ◽  
S.V. Levchenko ◽  
D.Y. Belash

В условиях Крыма оценена система минерального питания на основе препарата Лигногумат в качестве внекорневой подкормки для винограда и плодовых культур (оптимальные нормы и сроки внесения удобрений), и ее влияние на формирование урожая и показателей качества полученной продукции. Экспериментальные исследования проводились в течение 2018 г. на винограде (Филиал Морское ПАО Массандра ) на плодовых культурах: яблоня (АО Артвин , Бахчисарайский р-н), персик (КФХ Агрополис , Кировский р-н). Установлено, что применение внекорневой подкормки препаратом Лигногумат способствовало ускорению процесса созревания плодов яблони и сокращению продуктивного периода растений. Применение препарата Лигногумат способствовало увеличению урожайности у яблони на 24,7, у персика на 20, более интенсивному накоплению сахаров, сухих веществ и уменьшению массовой концентрации органических кислот. Обработки препаратом Лигногумат способствовали увеличению суммарного содержания хлорофилла в листьях яблони на 5,8 (2,38 мг/л), в листьях персика на 27,6 (3,05 мг/л), увеличению концентрации минеральных веществ на 9,324,5 в зависимости от компонента. Применение препарата Лигногумат на винограде позволяет увеличить вызревание однолетнего прироста на сортах Молдова и Мускат розовый на 1,82,8 в зависимости от варианта опыта способствует увеличению массы грозди винограда в условиях орошения на 13,516,9 (485 г), в условиях богары на 455 г. В условиях богары урожайность сорта Молдова увеличилась на 6,8 (4-кратная обработка х 1,5 л/га), и на 12,9 (6-кратная обработка х 1 л/га). При орошении эффективность внекорневой обработки препаратом Лигногумат повышается. Применение препарата Лигногумат также способствовало увеличению выхода стандартной продукции столового сорта винограда Молдова в условиях орошения до 96,7, в условиях богары до 95,3. Увеличение рентабельности возделывания плодовых культур позволяет рекомендовать к внедрению систему внекорневой подкормки на основе препарата Лигногумат .The system of Lignohumate-based mineral nutrition applied as foliar dressing on grapes and fruit crops was assessed in the conditions of Crimea, along with its impact on harvest formation and quality indicators of the final produce. Studies were carried out during 2018 on grapes (Morskoye branch of PAO Massandra), on fruit crops apple trees (AO Artvin of Bakshisaray region), peach trees (KFH Agropolis of Kirovsky region). It was established that foliar fertilizing with Lignohumate preparation sped up the ripening of apples and reduced the productive period of plants. Application of lignohumate preparation improved apple tree yields by 24.7, peach tree yields by 20 increased sugar and dry matter content, and reduced mass concentration of organic acids. Lignohumate treatments increased total chlorophyll content in the leaves of the apple trees by 5.8 (2.38 mg/l), in the leaves of the peach trees by 27.6 (3.05 mg/l), increased mineral substances content by 9.324.5 depending on the component being measured. Lignohumate application to grapevine improved one-year shoot lignification for Moldova and Muscat pink varieties by 1.82.08 , depending on the trial variant increased cluster weight under irrigation by 13.5816.9 (485 g), under non-irrigated conditions 455 g. In non-irrigated conditions, the bearing capacity of Moldova variety increased by 6.8 (4 time treatment x 1.5 l/ha), and by 12.9 (6 time treatment x 1 l/ha). Foliar dressing with Lignohumate increases the effectiveness of the preparation under irrigated conditions. Lignohumate application also increased standard output for Moldova table grapes under irrigated conditions up to 96.7, under non-irrigated conditions up to 95.3. The increased profitability of fruit crops production allows recommending Lignohumate preparation for introduction into the foliar fertilizing system.


2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Stanisław Wociór ◽  
Justyna Wieniarska ◽  
Piotr Kiczorowski ◽  
Janusz Mazurek ◽  
Irena Wójcik

The experiment was carried out during 1995-1997 in the experimental nursery field of the Agricultural University of Lublin, Poland, in Lublin-Felin. M.9 (EMLA) apple rootstocks were planted at 0,9 - 0,3 (m). No significant differences in tree trunk diameter, tree height and total extension growth of one-year-old shoots between chipand T-budded apple maiden trees of 'Red Elstar Elshof' were found. Chip budding increased the number of trees of first quality about twofold in comparison with T-budding, however, this difference was not significant. Either method of budding considerably influenced the rate of growth of apple trees in nursery. The highest rate of tree growth was observed in May and June.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kapłan ◽  
Agnieszka Lenart ◽  
Kamila Klimek ◽  
Andrzej Borowy ◽  
Dariusz Wrona ◽  
...  

The research was carried out in a commercial apple orchard in southeastern Poland. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of fertilizer with biostimulation and humic acids with algae extracts and agrogel on the reception and growth of newly planted maiden apple trees of the ‘Gala Must’ variety. One-year-old budwoods were planted annually on the site where fruit trees had grown for 20 years. For the purpose of the experiment, old trees were grubbed up every year in autumn. The experiment assessed the growth and quality of apple trees in the fall of the first year after planting them permanently using a biostimulator in the form of fertilizer and agrogel. On the basis of 3-year studies, it was shown that the application of the assessed preparations had a positive effect on the quality parameters of the trees. The experiment showed the positive effect of the preparation with biostimulation on the best growth and quality parameters every year, which was confirmed by the multidimensional cluster analysis. The fact that the use of agrogel significantly modified the height of the evaluated apple trees in the second year of the study, when lower amounts of rainfall were recorded, is particularly noteworthy.


2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Matwiejuk

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the diversity of the lichen species on fruit trees (Malus sp., Pyrus sp., Prunus sp. and Cerasus sp.) growing in orchards in selected villages and towns in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Fifty-six species of lichens were found. These were dominated by common lichens found on the bark of trees growing in built-up areas with prevailing heliophilous and nitrophilous species of the genera Physcia and Phaeophyscia. A richer lichen biota is characteristic of apple trees (52 species) and pear trees (36). Lichens of the apple trees constitute 78% of the biota of this phorophyte growing in the fruit orchards in Poland. Of the recorded species, only two (Ramalina farinacea, Usnea hirta) are covered by partial protection in Poland.


1985 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Judel ◽  
W. G. Gebauer ◽  
K. Mengel

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