scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of temporal lobe lesions with hyperintense signal on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences: pictorial essay

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Larissa Marques Santana ◽  
Eduardo de Jesus Agapito Valadares ◽  
Marcos Rosa-Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Hyperintense Signal ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Temporal Lobe Lesions

Abstract Various neuropathologies produce hyperintense signals on T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences of the temporal lobes. Recognition of the distribution pattern and associated findings may narrow the spectrum of differential diagnoses or suggest a specific disease. This pictorial essay aims to illustrate the relatively common diseases that affect the temporal lobe, such as herpes simplex encephalitis, neurosyphilis, limbic encephalitis, postictal edema, neoplasia, and multiple sclerosis, as well as those that are less common, such as myotonic dystrophy type 1, CADASIL, and CARASIL, together with the particularities of each entity.

scholarly journals EEG and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients with acute limbic encephalitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Lizcano ◽  
Luciana Carriço ◽  
Patrícia Barbosa ◽  
Maria Imaculada Carvalho ◽  
Clarissa Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Hyperintense Signal ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities ◽  
Bilateral Lesions

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of electroencephalography (EEG) and MRI in patients with acute limbic encephalitis (LE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 57 patients with diagnosis of LE from May 1994 to April 2010 and selected those with available EEG and MRI records. We analyzed EEG characteristics (type of abnormality, location and periodicity), reviewed MRIs and compared both. RESULTS: We included 22 patients, age ranging from 3 months to 71 years. EEG was abnormal in 21 patients (95.5%): Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) in 9 patients (40.9%), epileptiform discharges and/or temporal slow waves in 7 (31.8%) and 5 (22.7 %) with only background slowing. MRI showed abnormalities in temporal lobes of 19 patients (86.4%). The presence of PLEDs was strongly associated with hyperintense MRI-FLAIR signal involving hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex. Bilateral periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (Bi-PLEDs) seen in two patients were related to extensive symmetrical bitemporal hyperintense MRI-FLAIR signal. Three patients with PLEDs had only mild ipsilateral FLAIR-hyperintense abnormalities, while contralateral temporal areas were moderate to severely affected on MRI. In four patients with smaller asymmetric bilateral lesions we observed PLEDs in the most affected side. Diffuse slow waves were observed in three patients with discrete hyperintense signal on MRI. CONCLUSION: PLEDs are a typical EEG finding in LE, but not present in all cases. However EEG may predict the extension of MRI abnormalities: slow, mild and nonspecific EEG abnormalities may be related to discrete MRI lesions, while PLEDs to extensive lesions. Moreover, in bilateral, asymmetrical and widespread lesions PLEDS may be contralateral to the most affected ("burned-out") area on MRI.

The Effects of Temporal Lobe Lesions on Behaviour in Paranoid States

1953 ◽  
Vol 99 (416) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Temporal Lobe Lesions

The effects of temporal lobe lesions on behaviour have recently received considerable attention. There is reason to believe that certain types of abnormal behaviour are related to neurophysiological disturbances localized in the temporal lobes (Hill and Watterson, 1942; Rey, Pond and Evans, 1949). The effects of excisions of the temporal lobes on behaviour have been studied in animals (Klüver and Bucy, 1938), and in human subjects (Penfield and Flanigan, 1950; Bailey and Gibbs, 1951), while those of therapeutic incisions have been described by Obrador (1947). They appear to have certain features in common with those resulting from lesions of the frontal lobes. However, knowledge in this field is still in its infancy, and the following two cases in which temporal lobe lesions supervened upon paranoid states are therefore considered as worthy of interest. They were observed at the Professorial Unit of the Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals.

scholarly journals Herpes Simplex Type 1 Encephalitis Restricted to the Brainstem in a Pediatric Patient

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Harumi Arita ◽  
Jaime Lin ◽  
Mirella Maccarini Peruchi ◽  
Marcelo Masruha Rodrigues ◽  
Luiz Celso Pereira Vilanova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis ◽  
Herpes Simplex Type ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Consciousness Impairment

Herpes simplex encephalitis is a potentially fatal infection of central nervous system that typically involves frontal and temporal lobes. Occasionally, it presents an extratemporal involvement and in rarer cases, it is limited to the brainstem. We describe a case of an adolescent who presented with fever, sore throat, and vertigo. Clinical picture evolved to lethargy, tetraparesis, consciousness impairment, and respiratory failure. MRI showed lesions restricted to the brainstem. PCR of CSF was positive for herpes simplex type 1.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Temporal Lobe: Normal Anatomy and Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Khashper ◽  
Jeffrey Chankowsky ◽  
Raquel del Carpio-O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Normal Anatomy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
Anatomic Region

Objective This pictorial essay will review the magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the temporal lobes and describe the major pathologic processes of this complex area. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging is an essential tool in the investigation of a patient with suspected temporal lobe pathology. Various conditions may affect this anatomic region, and, therefore, classification of imaging findings into specific groups may help provide a more focused differential diagnosis.

Increased expression of TGFβ type I receptor in brain tissues of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

2009 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Tao Xue ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Yuqin Li ◽  
Yuan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Human Epilepsy

TβRs (transforming growth factor β receptors) have recently been identified in animal experiments as being involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to understand further the potential effects of TβRs in human epilepsy. Tissue samples of temporal neocortices from 30 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were prepared for detecting TβR-I (type 1 TβR) protein expression using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. We compared these tissues with histologically normal temporal lobes from controls. TβR-I immunoreactivity was increased in the patient group compared with controls using immunohistochemistry, and this finding was consistently observed with Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence showed that TβR-I fluorescence stain mainly accumulated in the cytoplasm of astrocytes. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that an up-regulation of TβR-I is present in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Why do herpes simplex encephalitis and semantic dementia show a different pattern of semantic impairment in spite of their main common involvement within the anterior temporal lobes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Cognitive Neurosciences ◽  
Biological Entities

AbstractA very challenging problem in the domain of the cognitive neurosciences is to explain why herpes simplex encephalitis and semantic dementia show, respectively, a category-specific semantic disorder for biological entities and an across-categories semantic disruption, despite highly overlapping areas of anterior temporal lobe damage. The aim of the present review consisted in trying to make a separate survey of anatomo-clinical investigations (single-case studies and group studies) and of activation studies, in order to analyse the factors that could explain these different patterns of semantic disruption. Factors taken into account in this review were laterality of lesions, disease aetiology, kind of brain pathology and locus of damage within the temporal lobes. Locus of damage within the temporal lobes and kind of brain pathology seemed to play the most important role, because in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis and category-specific semantic disorder for biological entities the lesions prevailed in the anteromedial temporal lobes. Furthermore, the neuropathology concerned both the anterior temporal cortices and the white matter pathways connecting these areas with the posterior visual areas, whereas in semantic dementia the inferior longitudinal fasciculus involvement was restricted to the rostral temporal lobe and did not extend into the cortically uninvolved occipital lobe.

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