scholarly journals Conditioned food aversion to control Palicourea aeneofusca poisoning

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1246-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo Duarte Oliveira ◽  
Franklin Riet-Correa ◽  
Genilson Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Walkleber dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Luis Flávio Souza Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
Conditioned Food Aversion ◽  
Group 1

Palicourea aeneofusca contains sodium monofluoroacetate, which causes sudden death in ruminants when administered at doses of approximately 0.6g kg-1 of body weight (g kg-1). In this experiment two groups of 6 goats were used to determine the possibility to induce conditioned food aversion to P. aeneofusca. In group 1, 0.35g kg-1 of green leaves of the plant were given to six goats on days 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 of the experiment. On the first day, all of the goats ingested the full amount of the plant and were treated immediately with 175mg kg-1 of lithium chloride (LiCl) through a ruminal tube. On day 5, only two goats ingested the plant, and they were treated with the same dose of LiCl. On days 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90, none of the goats ingested the plant. For another group of 6 goats, the leaves were given on days 1, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90. All of the goats ingested the leaves on day 1 and received 1mL kg-1 body weight of water through a ruminal tube. All of these goats ingested the plant on days 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90. These results demonstrate that it is possible to induce conditioned food aversion to P. aeneofusca that persists for at least 90 days. Further experiments should be performed to determine the duration of the aversion and to induce aversion to other Palicourea species, particularly P. marcgravii, which is the most important toxic plant in Brazil.

scholarly journals Conditioned food aversion to control poisoning by Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa in goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1240-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Gabriela Riet-Correa ◽  
Carla Tavares ◽  
Elda Souza ◽  
Valíria Duarte Cerqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Ipomoea Carnea ◽  
Marajó Island ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
Conditioned Food Aversion

Ipomoea carnea is a toxic plant often ingested by livestock in Brazil. Three experiments were conducted to determine if conditioned food aversion was effective in reducing goats' consumption of I. carnea. In the first experiment, 10 mildly intoxicated goats that had been eating I. carnea were averted using LiCl (175 to 200mg kg-1 body weight). These intoxicated goats did not develop an aversion to I. carnea, demonstrating that the technique is not effective in goats that are already accustomed to consuming the plant. In the second experiment, 14 naïve goats were placed in a pasture with I. carnea, and averted after they ingested the plant. In this group the aversion persisted until the end of the experiment, 2 years and 8 months after the initial aversion. In another experiment, 20 goats were placed in a pasture with I. carnea, and after consuming the plant were averted with LiCl. The averted goats were transferred to Marajo Island and periodically observed over a 2 year period at 2-3 month intervals to determine if they were still averted. The averted goats did not ingest the plant while grazing in the pasture, whereas in 6 neighboring goat farms the prevalence of intoxication from I. carnea poisoning was estimated to be about 40%. These results demonstrated the efficacy of conditioned food aversion to avoid ingestion of I. carnea in formerly naïve goats that had only recently begun to ingest the plant.

scholarly journals Spontaneous and experimental poisoning of cattle by Palicourea aeneofusca in the region of Pernambuco and induction of conditioned food aversion

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Bezerra de Brito ◽  
Raquel Feitosa Albuquerque ◽  
Brena Pessoa Rocha ◽  
Samuel Salgado Albuquerque ◽  
Stephen Tomas Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Food Aversion

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of Palicourea aeneofusca poisoning in cattle in the region of Pernambuco, Brazil and to determine if it is possible to induce food aversion by P. aeneofusca poisoning in cattle raised under extensive management conditions. To determine the occurrence of poisoning, 30 properties were visited in five municipalities of the region of Pernambuco. Three outbreaks of poisoning of cattle were monitored. To induce conditioned food aversion by the consumption of P. aeneofusca, 12 animals were randomly distributed into two groups of six animals each. Cattle were weighed and received green P. aeneofusca leaves in their trough at a dose of 35mg kg-1 body weight for spontaneous consumption. The control group (CG) animals received water (1ml kg-1 body weight) via a feeding tube after the first ingestion of the plant, while the other animals, constituting the aversion test group (ATG), underwent induced aversion with lithium chloride (LiCl - 175mg kg-1 body weight) via a feeding tube. For the ATG cattle, the aversion to P. aeneofusca induced by a single dose of LiCl persisted for 12 months. In contrast, the CG animals continued to consume the plant in all tests performed, indicating the absence of aversion. This study showed that aversive conditioning using LiCl was effective in preventing poisoning by P. aeneofusca for a period of at least 12 months.

scholarly journals Methods of inducing conditioned food aversion to Baccharis coridifolia (mio-mio) in cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1866-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Begeres de Almeida ◽  
Ana Lucia Schild ◽  
James Pfister ◽  
Marcelo Pimentel ◽  
Karine Maciel Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Baccharis Coridifolia ◽  
Time To Learn ◽  
Conditioned Food Aversion

Three experiments were performed to determine the efficacy of various methods of averting naïve cattle to prevent Baccharis coridifolia poisoning: forced oral administration of 0.5g kg-1 body weight of fresh B. coridifolia; forced inhalation of the smoke from burning B. coridifolia and rubbing the plant on the animals' muzzles and mouths; and introducing the animals into paddocks with low invasion by B. coridifolia. Results demonstrated that cattle forced to ingest low doses become strongly averted if introduced into paddocks 23-26 hours after the aversion. In contrast, cattle introduced into the paddocks between 1-10 hours were not fully averted. Inhalation of B. coridifolia smoke, and rubbing the plant on the animals' muzzles and mouths were not efficient to induce an aversion. The introduction of cattle into paddocks with approximately 1% of B. coridifolia was efficient if the animals remained 5 months in the area, but not if they only remained for 60 hours, as cattle required sufficient time to learn to avoid the plant.

Memory of Conditioned Food Aversion follows a U-shape Function in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Biederman ◽  
N. W. Milgram ◽  
G. A. Heighington ◽  
S. M. Stockman ◽  
W. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Shape Function ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Cholinergic Synapses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Conditioned Food Aversion

Rats drinking saccharin solution for the first time were poisoned by injection of lithium chloride and then offered saccharin solution 90 min, 1, 2, 3, 7, 10 or 14 days later. The memory function was U-shaped with 90-min and 14-day groups retaining the most aversion to saccharin. Intervention with an anticholinesterase (physostigmine) failed to produce a disruption or enhancement of memory, as might have been expected from theories that the laying down of memories depends on modification of cholinergic synapses.

scholarly journals Conditioned food aversion to Ipomoea carnea var. fistulosa induced by Baccharis coridifolia in goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes Adrien ◽  
Gabriela Riet-Correa ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Oliveira ◽  
James A. Pfister ◽  
Daniel Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Ipomoea Carnea ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Baccharis Coridifolia ◽  
Conditioned Food Aversion ◽  
Group 1

Baccharis coridifolia is a plant that induces strong conditioned food aversion in ruminants. This research aimed to induce a conditioned food aversion to Ipomoea carnea var. fistulosa in goats, using B. coridifolia as an aversive agent, and to compare the aversion induced by this plant with the aversion induced by lithium chloride (LiCl). Thirteen goats were allotted into two groups: Group 1 with six goats was averted with 175mg/kg of body weight of LiCl and Group 2 with seven goats was averted with 0,25g/kg of bw of dried B. coridifolia. All goats were averted on day 1 after the ingestion of I. carnea. The aversion procedure with LiCl or B. coridifolia in goats from Groups 1 and 2, respectively, was repeated in those goats that again consumed the plant during tests on days 2, 3, and 7. The goats of both groups were challenged in pens on 23 and 38 days after the last day of aversion and challenged in the pasture on days 11, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 27 and 29 after the last day of aversion. After this period goats were challenged every 15 days on pasture until the 330º day after the last day of aversion (7th day). Two goats from Group 1 ingested I. carnea on the first day of the pasture challenge, 4 days after the last day of aversive conditioning in the pen. In addition, another goat in Group 1 started to consume the plant on day 18, and other two goats ate it on day 20. One goat in Group 1 that had never eaten I. carnea died on day 155. One goat from Group 2 started to ingest I. carnea on the first day of the pasture challenge, and a second goat started to consume this plant on day 182. At the end of the experiment, on day 330, the other five goats averted with B. coridifolia remained averted. These results suggest that B. coridifolia or an active compound from the plant could be used to induce aversion to toxic plants. Using B. coridifolia would be cheaper and, particularly in flocks with large number of animals, possibly easier than using LiCl, which requires the use of oral gavage and qualified personnel for its implementation.

Conditioned food aversion reduces crow nest predation: An improved framework for CFA trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 125970
Author(s):  
Angela J. Ferguson ◽  
Robert L. Thomson ◽  
Martha J. Nelson-Flower ◽  
Thomas P. Flower
Keyword(s):  
Nest Predation ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Food Aversion

Processes of DNA Methylation Are Involved in the Mechanisms of Amnesia Induction and Conditioned Food Aversion Memory Reconsolidation

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Solntseva ◽  
T. S. Filatova ◽  
P. V. Nikitin ◽  
D. V. Bredov ◽  
S. A. Kozyrev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Memory Reconsolidation ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Food Aversion

scholarly journals INJECTABLE COPPER AND ZINC FOR GRAZING YEARLING STEERS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041
Author(s):  
F. A-R. SANKOH ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Group 1

Injectable Cu and Zn were evaluated as mineral supplements using 37 purebred Herefords (Group 1) and 23 Angus-Charolais-North Devon crosses (Group 2). The 60 steers were carried through a 113-d grazing phase. This was followed by a 79-d finishing phase for all steers of Group 1 and seven steers of Group 2. Treatments were combinations of the non-dosing (0Cu, 0Zn) and dosing (+Cu, +Zn) of steers with injectable Cu or Zn at the start of the grazing phase: (1) 0Cu, 0Zn; (2) +Cu, 0Zn; (3) 0Cu, +Zn; and (4) +Cu, +Zn. Injectables were the sole source of supplementary Cu and Zn during grazing and finishing phases. Means (SE) for Cu and Zn, respectively, in forages as milligrams per kilogram dry matter (DM) during the grazing phase were: grasses, 4.4 (0.17), 15.7 (0.46); alfalfa, 6.9 (0.18), 16.5 (1.49); and birdsfoot trefoil 5.0 (0.76), 15.0 (3.41). Injectable Cu did not influence (P > 0.05) body weight during the grazing phase. Body weight responses were lower (P < 0.05) for +Cu steers in the finishing phase, when dietary Cu was low, but steers could not be classified as Cu-deficient based on liver Cu. Liver Cu increased to means greater than 140 mg kg−1 DM in all steers, but was higher (P < 0.05) in +Cu steers during the grazing phase. Serum Cu varied widely during the grazing phase, but was higher (P < 0.05) for +Cu steers only on day 84 of the grazing phase. Neither liver Cu nor serum Cu was influenced (P > 0.05) by injectable Zn. Injectable Zn decreased growth rates in the latter part of the grazing phase but did not affect (P > 0.05) the body weight response during the finishing phase. The concentrations of Zn in liver and serum were not influenced (P > 0.05) by injectable Cu or Zn. Key words: Cattle, grazing, copper, zinc, injectable copper, injectable zinc

scholarly journals Effect of grazing period management on growth performances of camel in climate change condition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Champak Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Change Condition ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In order to decide the optimum time of grazing for camels during hot summer months, 10 growing camel calveswere divided into 2 equal groups. First group was sent for grazing during 10:00 h to 16:00 h daily and second groupallowed for grazing during thermo neutral period. The climatic variables were recorded daily (April 2012 to March2013). The average daily gain and total body weight gain in calves sent for grazing during relatively cool parts ofday (group 2) was significantly higher as compared to group 1 calves sent as per routine farm schedule. Theaverage intake of fodder and water from manger was higher in group 1 calves. The average DMI from manger forgroup 1 calves was higher as compared to group 2 calves. The comparative biometrics of camel calves in differentgrazing management practices revealed that body length, heart girth, height at wither, neck length were significantly(P&lt;0.01) higher in group 2 calves as compared to group 1 calves. After 180 days of experimentation, humpcircumference vertical and hind leg length were significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased in group 2 as compared to group1. Analysis of recorded data of climatic parameters revealed that average maximum temperature was higher duringJune 2012. The values of THI also were higher in monsoon and post monsoon months hence the practice of sendingcamel calves during relatively comfortable part of hot and hot humid months was successful in getting good growth.The relative humidity was significantly higher during morning as compared to evening period for all months. TheTHI was significantly lower during morning as compared to evening hours for all months in different climate forwhole year. Economic analysis reveals that the cost of feed per kg body weight gain was quite less in group 2 ascompared to group 1. So the practice of grazing of camel calves during cool hours of day remain profitable forfarmers by looking at the body weight gain and better body conformation in climate change condition.

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