Effect of parity segregation on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection dynamics and pneumonic lesions in pigs

ABSTRACT: Gilts represent a group risk for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vertical transmission in swine herds. Therefore, parity segregation can be an alternative to control M. hyopneumoniae infections. The study evaluated the effect of parity segregation on M. hyopneumoniae infection dynamics and occurrence and severity of lung lesions at slaughter. For that, three multiple site herds were included in the study. Herd A consisted of the farm where gilts would have their first farrowing (parity order (PO) 1). After the first farrowing PO 1 sows were transferred to herd B (PO2-6). Herd C was a conventional herd with gilt replacement (PO1-6). Piglets born in each herd were raised in separated nursery and finishing units. Sows (n = 33 (A), 37 (B), 34 (C)) in all herds were sampled prior to farrowing and piglets (n = 54 (A), 71 (B), 66 (C)) were sampled longitudinally at 21, 63, 100, 140 days of age and at slaughter for M. hyopneumoniae detection by PCR and lung lesions scoring. M. hyopneumoniae prevalence in sows did not differ among herds. Prevalence of positive piglets was higher at weaning in the PO1 herd (A) (P < 0.05). However, prevalence of positive pigs from 100 days of age to slaughter age was higher in the PO2-6 herd (B) (P < 0.05). Lung lesion occurrence and severity were higher in herd B. The authors suggested that the lack of a proper gilt acclimation might have influenced the results, leading to sows being detected positive at farrowing, regardless of the parity.

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Efficacy of three innovative bacterin vaccines against experimental infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-019-0709-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anneleen Marguerite Filip Matthijs ◽

Gaël Auray ◽

Filip Boyen ◽

Alexandra Schoos ◽

Annelies Michiels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Immunity ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Cationic Liposome ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Lung Lesion ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Liposome Formulation ◽

Efficacy Parameters

Abstract New vaccine formulations that include novel strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and innovative adjuvants designed to induce cellular immunity could improve vaccine efficacy against this pathogen. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the efficacy of three experimental bacterin formulations based on M. hyopneumoniae field strain F7.2C which were able to induce cellular immunity. The formulations included a cationic liposome formulation with the Mincle receptor ligand trehalose 6,6-dibehenate (Lipo_DDA:TDB), a squalene-in-water emulsion with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands targeting TLR1/2, TLR7/8 and TLR9 (SWE_TLR), and a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) micro-particle formulation with the same TLR ligands (PLGA_TLR). Four groups of 12 M. hyopneumoniae-free piglets were primo- (day (D) 0; 39 days of age) and booster vaccinated (D14) intramuscularly with either one of the three experimental bacterin formulations or PBS. The pigs were endotracheally inoculated with a highly and low virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain on D28 and D29, respectively, and euthanized on D56. The main efficacy parameters were: respiratory disease score (RDS; daily), macroscopic lung lesion score (D56) and log copies M. hyopneumoniae DNA determined with qPCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (D42, D56). All formulations were able to reduce clinical symptoms, lung lesions and the M. hyopneumoniae DNA load in the lung, with formulation SWE_TLR being the most effective (RDSD28–D56 −61.90%, macroscopic lung lesions −88.38%, M. hyopneumoniae DNA load in BAL fluid (D42) −67.28%). Further experiments raised under field conditions are needed to confirm these results and to assess the effect of the vaccines on performance parameters.

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Effects of pre-farrowing sow vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on offspring colonisation and lung lesions

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.104972 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 184 (7) ◽

pp. 222-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ioannis Arsenakis ◽

Annelies Michiels ◽

Gabriele Schagemann ◽

Charles Oliver Gomez-Duran ◽

Filip Boyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nested Pcr ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Lung Lesion ◽

Lesion Score ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Colonisation Rate

This study investigated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae colonisation and lung lesions at slaughter in pigs from vaccinated (V) and non-vaccinated (NV) sows, in two herds (A and B). In each herd, two sow batches were V against M. hyopneumoniae with a commercial bacterin at six and three weeks before farrowing and two sow batches remained NV. From each sow batch, laryngeal swabs were collected from the litters of five primiparous sows at weaning and seven days post-weaning. All samples were tested for M. hyopneumoniae by nested PCR. In total, 488 piglets were sampled. At slaughter, the extent of Mycoplasma-like pneumonia lesions (lung lesion score (LLS)) was assessed. The colonisation rates with M. hyopneumoniae at weaning and seven days post-weaning were (V-A=14.2, NV-A=20.0 (P=0.225); V-B=0.9, NV-B=0.8 (P=0.948)) and (V-A=0.8, NV-A=7.0 (P=0.039); V-B=1.8, NV-B=2.5 (P=0.738)), respectively. The average LLS (in per cent) was V-A=15.5, NV-A=26.4 (P=0.021); V-B=9.7, NV-B=8.4 (P=0.541). In conclusion, in herd A, with a substantially higher level of piglet colonisation at weaning than herd B, offspring from V sows had a significantly lower colonisation rate seven days post-weaning and a significantly lower LLS at slaughter compared with the offspring of the NV sows. This implies that sow vaccination might be useful for control of M. hyopneumoniae infections, although significant results may not be achieved at all times (such as in herd B).

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Exploratory study on the influence of climatological parameters on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection dynamics

International Journal of Biometeorology ◽

10.1007/s00484-011-0487-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 1167-1171 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joaquim Segalés ◽

Oliver Valero ◽

Anna Espinal ◽

Sergio López-Soria ◽

Miquel Nofrarías ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exploratory Study ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Infection Dynamics

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Infection dynamics and genetic variability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in self-replacement gilts

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.07.007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 208 ◽

pp. 18-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Karine L. Takeuti ◽

David E.S.N. de Barcellos ◽

Caroline P. de Andrade ◽

Laura L. de Almeida ◽

Maria Pieters

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Infection Dynamics

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SUN-932 Successful Response of Temozolomide (TMZ) in two Patients with Metastatic Pheochromocytoma/Paragangliomas (PPGLs)

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1949 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Skrebsky de Almeida ◽

Roberta P Borges ◽

Janeczko Laís ◽

Giovana Caroline Marx Becker ◽

Ticiana Costa Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Metastases ◽

Left Lung ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Lung Lesion ◽

Chest Ct ◽

Complete Regression ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

The Right ◽

Urinary Metanephrines

Abstract Introduction: PPGLs are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla or their neural crest progenitors, being able to secrete catecholamines. Its treatment is primarily surgical; however, for metastatic/inoperable tumors, effective treatments are lacking. The use of TMZ, an oral alkylating agent, has been scarcely reported with variable response rates. We report 2 patients with reasonable clinical, biochemical and structural responses. Case Reports: Case 1) A 14-year old girl presented with neck pain, sweating, hypertension and tachycardia. Urinary hormonal profile revealed metanephrines 80 (up to 320 ug/24h) and normetanephrines 2983 (up to 390 ug/24h). Abdominal MRI showed a 10x6x5 cm retroperitoneal lesion in close contact with celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, aorta, left renal vein and vertebral bodies of T10, T11 and T12. A chest CT revealed multiple lung metastases. After 11 months, both the primary abdominal lesion and lung metastases increased in size.. Due to disease severity, after excluding surgical possibilities and confirming diagnosis by lesion biopsy, rescue treatment with TMZ was started for 5 days on a 28-day cycle. After 11 cycles, lung and abdominal lesions decreased more than 30% in size, and urinary metanephrines decreased 53.4%. After 21 cycles, there is no evidence of disease progression. Case 2) A 44-year old female was first diagnosed at the age of 31 with a right adrenal mass invading the kidney and the inferior vena cava associated with hypertension, sweating, headaches and palpitations. She underwent right adrenalectomy and nephrectomy. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Seven years later, follow-up CT`s showed a 3 x 2 cm liver metastasis, which was resected, and two lung lesions, one located at the right inferior lobe (1.6 cm) and the other at the left superior lobe (0.9 cm), which initially were just followed-up. At this time, a 7-month sorafenib trial was performed but the drug was stopped due to intolerable side effects. After 3 years of follow-up, the lung lesions increased in size and the right lesion was resected, but the patient refused surgery for the remainder left lung lesion. After 1 year, left lung lesion increased to 2.4 cm and mediastinal and paratracheal lymphadenomegaly developed. TMZ in the same aforementioned schedule was prescribed and after 7 cycles a new chest CT revealed complete regression of the lung and lymph node metastases.. Urinary metanephrines were 2.1 times the upper limit of normal before TMZ and decreased to normal range. Conclusion: These cases highlight the promising role of a well-tolerated single drug chemotherapy regimen in severe cases of metastatic and inoperable PPGLs. TMZ could be considered an alternative strategy for the treatment of these cases and, if possible, should be tested in adequate clinical trials.

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae clinical signs and gross lung lesions, including monitoring.

Mycoplasmas in swine ◽

10.1079/9781789249941.0097 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 97-107

Author(s):

John Carr ◽

Marina Sibila ◽

Joaquim Segalés

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Pathological Features ◽

Lung Lesions

Abstract The clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnosis and pathological features of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs are described.

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Antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and influenza virus and their relationships with risk factors, clinical signs and lung lesions in pig farms with one-site production systems in Brazil

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 104748 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T.G. Baraldi ◽

N.R.N. Cruz ◽

D.A. Pereira ◽

J.V.B. Galdeano ◽

I.R.H. Gatto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Influenza Virus ◽

Production Systems ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Pig Farms

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Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a water soluble formulation of tylvalosin in the control of enzootic pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida in pigs

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-020-00177-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alfonso Lopez Rodriguez ◽

Anna Catharina Berge ◽

Cliff Ramage ◽

Ryan Saltzman ◽

Rickie J. Domangue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Lung Lesion ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Enzootic Pneumonia ◽

Challenge Study ◽

Lower Lung ◽

Clinical Cases

Abstract Background The efficacy of a water soluble formulation of tylvalosin (Aivlosin® 625 mg/g granules) was evaluated in the treatment and metaphylaxis of Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) in pigs. In all four trials, pigs in the tylvalosin group were administered 10 mg tylvalosin/kg bodyweight in drinking water daily for 5 consecutive days (TVN). In a single-challenge study, pigs were inoculated with lung homogenate containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. In a dual challenge study, pigs were sequentially inoculated with pure culture of M. hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Efficacy was evaluated based on reduction of lung lesions compared to unmedicated control pigs (CTL). In two field studies at European commercial farms with confirmed outbreaks of EP, treatment efficacy in clinically affected fatteners was evaluated based on improved clinical conditions compared to pigs treated with tylosin at 10 mg/kg by injection for 3 consecutive days (TYL). In these field trials, healthy in contact pigs were enrolled for metaphylaxis efficacy evaluation based on reduction in incidence of new clinical cases of respiratory disease compared to unmedicated pigs (CTL). Results In the M. hyopneumoniae-only challenge study, pigs in TVN group had lower lung lesion scores than CTL (6.52 vs. 14.97; p < 0.001). In the dual challenge study with M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida, pigs in TVN group had lower lung lesion scores than CTL (3.32 vs. 8.37; p < 0.01) and the recovery of both challenge bacteria from the lungs was lower in TVN compared with CTL group (p < 0.01). In field outbreaks of EP, multicentre analysis showed that 13 days after the start of medication, treatment success for TVN pigs was significantly better than for TYL pigs (80.0% vs 48.7% p = 0.03) and metaphylactic administration of TVN significantly reduced the incidence of new clinical cases (2.1% vs. 7.8%; p < 0.01) compared with unmedicated controls. Conclusions Tylvalosin at 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days in drinking water was safe and effective in the treatment and metaphylaxis of EP in pigs associated with infections of M. hyopneumoniae either alone or in combination with P. multocida under both experimental challenge and field natural infection conditions.

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Comparative Pathogenicity of Nine US Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Isolates in a Five-Week-Old Cesarean-Derived, Colostrum-Deprived Pig Model

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063879600800103 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 11-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 156

Author(s):

Patrick G. Halbur ◽

Prem S. Paul ◽

Xiang-Jin Meng ◽

Melissa A. Lum ◽

John J. Andrews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Lung Lesion ◽

Pig Model ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Follicular Hyperplasia ◽

Lung Lobes

One hundred forty-six 5-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs were inoculated intranasally with 1 of 9 US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates. Differences were found in severity of clinical respiratory disease, rectal temperatures ( P ≤0.001), gross lung lesions ( P ≤ 0.001), and microscopic lung lesions ( P ≤ 0.05). Gross lung lesions were generally most severe 10 days postinoculation and were distributed primarily in the cranial, middle, and accessory lobes and ventromedial portion of the caudal lung lobes. Mean gross lung lesion scores estimating the percentage of lung affected by pneumonia at 10 days postinoculation ranged from 16.7% ± 2.8% (x X ± SEM, n = 10) for isolate ISU-51 to 62.4% ± 5.7% ( n = 10) for isolate ISU-28. Microscopic lung lesions were characterized by hyperplastic and hypertrophied type 2 pneumocytes, septal infiltration by mononuclear cells, and accumulation of necrotic alveolar exudate. Lymph node follicular hyperplasia and focal necrosis was seen with all 9 isolates. This CDCD pig model was useful for demonstration of significant differences in pathogenicity among US PRRSV isolates. This difference in pathogenicity may help explain the variation in severity of clinical disease observed in field outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and should provide for meaningful comparison of PRRSV genotypes.

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