scholarly journals Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a water soluble formulation of tylvalosin in the control of enzootic pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Lopez Rodriguez ◽  
Anna Catharina Berge ◽  
Cliff Ramage ◽  
Ryan Saltzman ◽  
Rickie J. Domangue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Challenge Study ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract Background The efficacy of a water soluble formulation of tylvalosin (Aivlosin® 625 mg/g granules) was evaluated in the treatment and metaphylaxis of Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) in pigs. In all four trials, pigs in the tylvalosin group were administered 10 mg tylvalosin/kg bodyweight in drinking water daily for 5 consecutive days (TVN). In a single-challenge study, pigs were inoculated with lung homogenate containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. In a dual challenge study, pigs were sequentially inoculated with pure culture of M. hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Efficacy was evaluated based on reduction of lung lesions compared to unmedicated control pigs (CTL). In two field studies at European commercial farms with confirmed outbreaks of EP, treatment efficacy in clinically affected fatteners was evaluated based on improved clinical conditions compared to pigs treated with tylosin at 10 mg/kg by injection for 3 consecutive days (TYL). In these field trials, healthy in contact pigs were enrolled for metaphylaxis efficacy evaluation based on reduction in incidence of new clinical cases of respiratory disease compared to unmedicated pigs (CTL). Results In the M. hyopneumoniae-only challenge study, pigs in TVN group had lower lung lesion scores than CTL (6.52 vs. 14.97; p <  0.001). In the dual challenge study with M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida, pigs in TVN group had lower lung lesion scores than CTL (3.32 vs. 8.37; p <  0.01) and the recovery of both challenge bacteria from the lungs was lower in TVN compared with CTL group (p <  0.01). In field outbreaks of EP, multicentre analysis showed that 13 days after the start of medication, treatment success for TVN pigs was significantly better than for TYL pigs (80.0% vs 48.7% p = 0.03) and metaphylactic administration of TVN significantly reduced the incidence of new clinical cases (2.1% vs. 7.8%; p <  0.01) compared with unmedicated controls. Conclusions Tylvalosin at 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days in drinking water was safe and effective in the treatment and metaphylaxis of EP in pigs associated with infections of M. hyopneumoniae either alone or in combination with P. multocida under both experimental challenge and field natural infection conditions.

scholarly journals Field Trial Assessment of Two Commercial Vaccines Against Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcial Marcos ◽  
Javier Rabanal ◽  
David del Pico ◽  
Jesús Bollo ◽  
Alfredo Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Reduction ◽  
Unvaccinated Control

Abstract Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo) is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing respiratory disorders in swine populations as well as primary agent of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). The aim of this trial is to compare the efficacy of two commercial vaccines under field conditions, applied via different routes of administration, as a tool to control disease.Results: 3 groups each consisting of 440 animals, were included in this longitudinal study; one group vaccinated against M.hyo with an intradermal vaccine (group I), a second group vaccinated with an intramuscular vaccine 2940 strain (group H) and finally a third group, not vaccinated as a control (group N). All animals were individually weighed at weaning; upon entry into the fattening unit and just prior to movement to the slaughterhouse. Pigs from each group were periodically blood sampled to evaluate the immunological status against other pathogens involved in PRDC. Tracheobronchial swabs were collected from 30 pigs per treatment group during the final weighing. Slaughterhouse lung lesion evaluations were developed to assess levels of enzootic pneumonia-like lesions (EP) and pleuritis (P).Statistical evaluation of all test parameters indicated a better performance of the intradermal vaccinated group (group I):· in terms of weight (kg) just prior to movement to the slaughterhouse, (I= 97.45; H = 93.44; N = 93.05).· The number of positive tracheobronchial swabs, as well as M.hyo load detected individually (I = 36.7% positive samples with log10 Ct average value 1.48; H = 100% with log10 Ct 1.40; and N = 96.7% with log10 Ct 1.40),· EP prevalence (I = 35.1%, H = 47.0%, N = 50.5%) and· Pleurisy prevalence (I = 22.4%, H = 29.7%, N = 39.3%).In terms of the involvement of other PRDC pathogens, the serological study could lead us to think that the agents studied were present at same level in the all 3 vaccination groups.Conclusion: In this study, intradermal vaccination provided better performance than unvaccinated control group and intramuscular vaccine, in terms of weight increase (versus intramuscular group); reduction of enzootic pneumonia and pleurisy lesions, and tracheobronchial M.hyo prevalence at the end of the finishing period.

scholarly journals Development of A New Water-soluble Fluorescence Probe for Hypochlorous Acid Detection in Drinking Water

2021 ◽  
pp. 100027
Author(s):  
Haoyuan Yin ◽  
Haijun Chi ◽  
Zhuye Shang ◽  
Ali Qaitoon ◽  
Jianfei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Water Soluble

scholarly journals Water intake of pigs consuming tiamulin during the nursery phase1

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A Vonnahme ◽  
Adam Mueller ◽  
Daniel A Nelson ◽  
Manuel Alexander Vasquez-Hidalgo ◽  
Deborah Amodie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Abstract Mass medication to manage population health can be achieved by providing therapeutics in the drinking water. Young nursery pigs are highly sensitive to the flavor and smell of water. Medications that reduce water palatability often lead to an interruption in water and feed intake. With the availability of several generic water-soluble antimicrobials for pigs, questions have arisen about their palatability compared with the original product. In this study, we compared the intake of water containing tiamulin hydrogen fumarate from two different manufacturers with the intake of unmedicated water. The hypothesis was that the intake of tiamulin-containing water would be similar to unmedicated water. Water intake was monitored upon entry into the nursery and just prior to leaving the nursery. Also, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were determined. A total of 300 pigs were individually weighed (4.2–10.9 kg; avg = 6.8 kg) for randomization to pen (n = 30 pens). The experiment had two time points: 1) early nursery (periods 1–3) and 2) late nursery (period 4). Pens were randomly assigned to a sequence (period 1–3) in a crossover experimental design containing three 10-d periods, with 5 d for the resetting of baseline where unmedicated water was provided followed by 5 d on tiamulin source addition [i.e., TriamuloxTM (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ); Denagard (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN)] or unmedicated water. After period 3 was concluded, all pens were given unmedicated water (via nipple waterers) and the number of pigs per pen was reduced to six pigs to maintain adequate space per pig. Ten days prior to pigs leaving the nursery, a fourth period was performed. After a 5-d water baseline was achieved, pens were treated with either unmedicated water or Triamulox- or Denagard-containing water. Pigs had ad libitum access to water and feed. During the testing periods, daily water intake was measured by a cup water system in each pen. Feed intake was measured every 5 d. There was no effect of treatment on initial body weights or weights at the beginning or end of each period (P ≥ 0.51). Therefore, there was no effect of treatment on ADG (P ≥ 0.23). Water intake (P ≥ 0.16) and FE (P ≥ 0.35) were not affected by treatment. Water consumption was similar among all treatments in each of the four periods. There appears to be no aversion to water intake when tiamulin hydrogen fumarate is added to the drinking water.

Lungworms (Metastrongylus Spp.) Demonstrated in Domestic Pigs with Respiratory Disease - What was the True Relevance of that?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Wallgren ◽  
Emelie Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAn outdoor pig herd was affected by severe respiratory disease in one out of three pastures. At necropsy, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida were detected in the lungs, as well as the lung worm Metastrongylus apri. The life cycle of Metastrongylus spp. includes earth worms as an intermediate host, and since domesticated pigs mainly are reared indoors lungworms has not been diagnosed in domestic pigs in Sweden for decades, not even in pigs reared outdoors. Therefore, this disease outbreak was scrutinised from the view of validating the impact of Metastrongylus spp..ResultsAt the time of the disease outbreak, neither eggs of Metastrongylus spp. nor Ascaris suum were detected in faeces of pigs aged ten weeks. In contrast, five-months-old pigs at the pasture with respiratory disease shed large amounts of eggs from Ascaris suum, whereas Ascaris suum not was demonstrated in healthy pigs aged six months at another pasture. Low numbers of eggs from Metastrongylus spp. were seen in faecal samples from both these age categories.At slaughter, seven weeks later, ten normal weighted pigs in the preceding healthy batch were compared with ten normal weighted and five small pigs from the affected batch. Healing Mycoplasma-like pneumonic lesions were seen in all groups. Small pigs had more white spot liver lesions, and all small pigs shed eggs of Ascaris suum in faeces, compared to around 50% of the pigs in the normally sized groups. Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated in 13 of the 25 pigs (52%), %), representing all groups included.ConclusionAs Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated regardless of health status, and in another healthy outdoor herd, the impact of Metastrongylus spp. on the outbreak of respiratory disease was depreciated. Instead, Metastrongylus spp. was suggested to be common in outdoor production, although rarely diagnosed. The reason for this is because they will escape detection at routine inspection at slaughterhouses, and that they appeared to generally not induce clinical signs of respiratory disease. Instead, a possible association with a high burden of Ascaris suum was suggested to have preceded the severe outbreak with respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Aspectos patológicos e microbiológicos das doenças respiratórias em suínos de terminação no Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos A.Z. Morés ◽  
João X. Oliveira Filho ◽  
Raquel Rebelatto ◽  
Cátia S. Klein ◽  
David E.N. Barcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyorhinis

Resumo: Para avaliação dos aspectos patológicos e microbiológicos de casos clínicos de doenças respiratórias em suínos de terminação foram analisados 75 suínos doentes oriundos de 36 lotes. Suínos que apresentavam sinais clínicos respiratórios evidentes foram necropsiados para avaliação macroscópica e colheita de amostras para análise histopatológica e microbiológica. Foram realizados testes de isolamento bacteriano para as principais bactérias do sistema respiratório dos suínos, PCR para Mycoplasma hyorhinis, imuno-histoquímica para Influenza A, Circovirus suíno tipo 2 e Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. A sensibilidade antimicrobiana de 24 amostras de Pasteurella multocida tipo A foi avaliada por testes de concentração inibitória mínima para os principais antimicrobianos utilizados em suinocultura. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae e Pasteurella multocida tipo A foram os agentes infecciosos mais prevalentes. Broncopneumonia supurativa e pleurite foram as principais lesões respiratórias encontradas. Pasteurella multocida tipo A, quando presente, aumentou a extensão das lesões pulmonares. Todas as amostras de Pasteurella multocida testadas foram sensíveis aos antimicrobianos Doxiciclina, Enrofloxacina e Tilmicosina. Em 58% das amostras foi identificado mais de um agente infeccioso, evidenciando a alta prevalência da associação de agentes nas doenças respiratórias de suínos em terminação.

scholarly journals Diagnostics of main bacterial agents of porcine respiratory diseases complex (PRDC) using PCR detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Holko ◽  
J. Urbanova ◽  
THolkova ◽  
V. Kmet
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
Porcine Respiratory

The main goal of our work is the presentation and analysis of incidence of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) regarding bacterial agents in the territory of northern districts of Slovakia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and other secondary bacterial causative pathogens of PRDC comprised 75.2% of all cases (98) with clinical signs of respiratory infections that we examined in the course of one year. We present also one of possibilities to the solution of problematic detection of M. hyopneumoniae which is, like the whole rank of mycoplasmas, very difficult to cultivate. This problem was solved by using the PCR method with the direct isolation of M. hyopneumoniae from lungs tissue. In antibiotic sensitivity testing of Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae resulted enrofloxacin as the most effective antibiotics in the therapy of PRDC regarding bacterial agents.in above mentioned territory.

RADON IN GROUNDWATER OF MAGADI TALUK, RAMANAGARA DISTRICT IN KARNATAKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-521
Author(s):  
P Vipin Kumar ◽  
S B Gudennavar ◽  
M S Chandrashekara ◽  
S G Bubbly ◽  
K S Hamsa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Alpha Decay ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Uranium Series ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Karnataka State

ABSTRACT Radon is a water-soluble radioactive noble gas produced from the alpha decay of 226Ra in uranium series. Its presence in drinking water and open air increases the risk of lung and intestinal cancers in human beings. In view of this, radon concentration in groundwater and its dose due to inhalation and ingestion to the population of Magadi taluk of Ramanagara district in Karnataka state, India was studied. The groundwater samples were analyzed for radon concentration using emanometry technique. The study showed that the radon concentration in this area varied from 27.4 ± 1.0 to 167.5 ± 3.9 Bq/L and the effective dose ranged from 104.2 ± 2.7 to 636.2 ± 11.0 μSv/a. The study also revealed that 95% of the 37 samples studied showed higher radon concentration compared to the UNSCEAR recommendation (40 Bq/L) and all the samples showed higher than the USEPA recommendation (11.1 Bq/L). Ten samples have concentration above the maximum permissible level prescribed by WHO (100 Bq/L). The groundwater samples are found to be slightly alkaline within the permissible limit of Indian Standards.

Efficacy of soluble sodium tripolyphosphate amendments for the in-situ immobilisation of uranium

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Wellman ◽  
Eric M. Pierce ◽  
Michelle M. Valenta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Phosphate Compounds

Environmental context. Contamination of groundwater and sediments by heavy metals and radioactive metals is a significant problem within the United States Department of Energy complex as a result of past nuclear operations. One way to remediate these metals is through reaction with phosphate compounds, which can immobilise the metals by forming highly stable metal phosphate compounds. Long-chain, water-soluble phosphate compounds provide a means to inject phosphate into subsurface contaminant plumes, to precipitate metal ions from solution. Results presented here illustrate that application of a soluble sodium tripolyphosphate to sediment contaminated with uranium will rapidly reduce the concentration of uranium in the pore water to concentrations near or below drinking water limits under water-saturated and unsaturated conditions. Abstract. A series of conventional water-saturated and pressurised unsaturated flow column experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of using soluble polyphosphate amendments for in-situ, subsurface remediation of uranium. Experiments were conducted under mildly alkaline, calcareous conditions, representative of conditions commonly encountered at sites across the arid western United States. Results presented here illustrate that application of a soluble polyphosphate amendment to sediment contaminated with uranium will rapidly reduce the concentration of uranium released to the porewater to near or below drinking water limits under water-saturated and -unsaturated conditions. Column experiments conducted in the absence of polyphosphate illustrate sustained release of aqueous uranium at concentrations well above drinking water standards in excess of over 25 pore volumes under water-saturated conditions and over 50 pore volumes under unsaturated conditions. In the presence of tripolyphosphate, the concentration of aqueous uranium released from the sediment was below drinking water limits within 10 to 35 pore volumes under water-saturated and unsaturated conditions, respectively. Moreover, results indicate the necessity of conducting site-specific dynamic tests to tailor phosphate-based remediation technology to site specific geochemical and hydrological conditions.

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