Ichthyofauna from “serranias costeiras” of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin, Southeast Brazil

Abstract: The Ribeira de Iguape River basin has about 100 fish species. This study aimed to characterize the fish community from “serranias costeiras” of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin. Samplings were conducted with electrofishing during the dry season in the years 2018-2019. The sampling effort consisted of 30 streams stretches. As a result, 50 species were captured, distributed in 37 genera, 11 families, and six orders. The species richness estimate (SChao1) was 57 species, and the coverage estimate for the entire data set was C = 0.998. Harttia kronei and Chasmocranus lopezae are endemic species and can be used as bioindicators of streams in this river basin. We captured approximately nine species by stream stretch. Beta diversity was found to be more critical for gamma diversity than alpha diversity. This finding highlights the streams environmental heterogeneity importance for maintaining regional fish diversity. We captured eight individuals of the threatened species Spintherobolus papilliferus and this indicates an expansion in the geographic distribution of this species.

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Fish diversity of floodplain lakes on the lower stretch of the Solimões River

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842004000300013 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 64 (3a) ◽

pp. 501-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

F. K. Siqueira-Souza ◽

C. E. C. Freitas

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Fish Community ◽

River Flow ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Floodplain Lakes ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

The Town ◽

Solimões River

The fish community of the Solimões floodplain lakes was studied by bimonthly samples taken from May 2001 to April 2002. These were carried out at lakes Maracá (03º51'33"S, 62º35'08,6"W), Samaúma (03º50'42,1"S, 61º39'49,3"W), and Sumaúma and Sacambú (03º17'11,6"S and 60º04'31,4"W), located between the town of Coari and the confluence of the Solimões and Negro rivers. Collections were done with 15 gillnets of standardized dimensions with several mesh sizes. We collected 1,313 animals distributed in 77 species, belonging to 55 genera of 20 families and 5 orders. Characiformes was the most abundant Order, with a larger number of representatives in the Serrasalmidae and Curimatidae. The most abundant species in the samplings were Psectrogaster rutiloides (132 individuals), Pigocentrus nattereri (115 individuals), and Serrasalmus elongatus (109 individuals). Lakes Samaúma, Sacambú, and Sumaúma were adjusted to logarithmic and lognormal series. The diversity exhibited an inverse gradient to the river flow, showing the highest diversity at Lake Sumaúma, followed by Samaúma, Sacambú, and Maracá. Species richness estimated through the jackknife technique ranged from 78 to 107 species.

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Alpha, beta, or gamma: where does all the diversity go?

Paleobiology ◽

10.1017/s0094837300011969 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 221-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 158

Author(s):

J. John Sepkoski

Keyword(s):

Beta Diversity ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Taxonomic Richness ◽

Soft Bottom ◽

Gamma Diversity ◽

Data Set ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Community Or ◽

Global Diversity ◽

Measured Change

Global taxonomic richness is affected by variation in three components: within-community, or alpha, diversity; between-community, or beta, diversity; and between-region, or gamma, diversity. A data set consisting of 505 faunal lists distributed among 40 stratigraphic intervals and six environmental zones was used to investigate how variation in alpha and beta diversity influenced global diversity through the Paleozoic, and especially during the Ordovician radiations. As first shown by Bambach (1977), alpha diversity increased by 50 to 70 percent in offshore marine environments during the Ordovician and then remained essentially constant for the remainder of the Paleozoic. The increase is insufficient, however, to account for the 300 percent rise observed in global generic diversity. It is shown that beta diversity among level, soft-bottom communities also increased significantly during the early Paleozoic. This change is related to enhanced habitat selection, and presumably increased overall specialization, among diversifying taxa during the Ordovician radiations. Combined with alpha diversity, the measured change in beta diversity still accounts for only about half of the increase in global diversity. Other sources of increase are probably not related to variation in gamma diversity but rather to appearance and/or expansion of organic reefs, hardground communities, bryozoan thickets, and crinoid gardens during the Ordovician.

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Patterns of Pelagic Fish Diversity in Floodplain Lakes of Whitewater and Blackwater Drainage Systems Within the Central Amazon River Basin of Brazil

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.602895 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Flávia K. Siqueira-Souza ◽

Lawrence E. Hurd ◽

Kedma C. Yamamoto ◽

Maria Gercilia M. Soares ◽

Gregory J. Cooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

River Basin ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

Pelagic Fish ◽

Floodplain Lakes ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

River Systems ◽

Amazon River Basin ◽

Central Amazon

The Amazon River Basin, one of the world’s most threatened ecosystems, has an enormous diversity of fish species, a result of temporally and spatially complex habitat containing biogeochemically different river systems. The annual hydrologic cycle results in floodplain lakes during low water and inundates forests during high water, exposing fish to different resources and environmental conditions. The two principal river systems in the central Brazilian Amazon are blackwater, with nutrient-poor acidic water, and nutrient-rich whitewater. Although species-rich, the Amazon Basin is data-poor in terms of comparative studies on a regional scale. We analyzed data sets from independent sampling studies of pelagic fish in 16 floodplain lakes, nine whitewater (Rio Solimões) and seven blackwater (Rio Negro), in the central Amazon Basin of Brazil. Our findings suggest striking similarities in pelagic fish diversity patterns. Species richness was virtually equal (165 in whitewater and 168 in blackwater). Both species richness, and number of migratory species, per lake increased toward the confluence of the rivers in both systems in our study. The proportion of unique species was also similar in whitewater lakes and blackwater (41 and 43%, respectively), boosting total regional richness to 237 species. However, species composition in whitewater lakes was more homogenous (lower β diversity), and species composition was associated with conductivity and pH in whitewater, but with dissolved oxygen and transparency in blackwater. Therefore, regional fish diversity cannot be represented by sampling one lake or even one drainage system, but must include multiple lakes from both systems. These two systems may differ in sensitivity to anthropogenic stressors such as damming and deforestation.

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An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4614.2.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4614 (2) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

VASCO VEIGA BRANCO ◽

EDUARDO MORANO ◽

PEDRO CARDOSO

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

New Species ◽

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Species Distribution ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Balearic Islands ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Full Data ◽

Ciudad Real ◽

Online Catalogue

We updated a previous database that compiled all the information available in 2010 for the species distribution of spiders (Araneae) in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands (Illes Balears) included. By the end of 2018 a total of 30834 records were compiled. These belong to 1493 species, 282 of those endemic to the peninsula, across 56 families and 402 genera. This represents an increase of approximately 14% in the number of species in the last nine years. From all families found in the Iberian Peninsula, Araneidae represent the highest number of records (3315), Linyphiidae the highest species richness (302) and Dysderidae the highest endemic richness (58). When considering only the 2010 decade, Linyphiidae lead in both number of records (1417) and species (49), but Gnaphosidae have the highest newly described endemic richness (18). When looking at the full data per province, the largest number of records are located in Illes Balears (1864), followed by Barcelona (1287). When it comes to species, Huesca (474) and Barcelona (470) are the richest provinces. However, it is Illes Balears that possesses the largest known endemic richness (43), followed by Beja and Faro (39). Regarding the last decade, Illes Balears received the largest sampling effort with 901 records, followed by Girona (806). Ciudad Real had the highest increase in known richness with 191 new species to the province, followed by León and Lleida (188). The most new endemic species were found in Faro (16), followed by Almería and Cádiz (13). This checklist is accompanied by an online catalogue where all its information is fully listed.

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The importance and use of taxon sampling curves for comparative biodiversity research with forest arthropod assemblages

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/n04-040 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

pp. 120-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Christopher M. Buddle ◽

Julien Beguin ◽

Elise Bolduc ◽

Alida Mercado ◽

Tara E. Sackett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Taxon Sampling ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Single Index ◽

Arthropod Biodiversity ◽

Forested Ecosystems ◽

Number Of Individuals

AbstractFor over three decades, the importance of taxon sampling curves for comparative biodiversity studies has been repeatedly stated. However, many entomologists (both within Canada and worldwide) continue to publish studies without standardizing their data to take sampling effort into account. We present a case study to illustrate the importance of such standardization, using the collection of spiders (Araneae) by pitfall traps as model data. Data were analyzed using rarefaction to represent one example of a taxon sampling curve, and by a variety of traditional diversity indices to describe alpha diversity. Raw species richness and single-index diversity measures (Shannon–Wiener, Simpson's, and Fisher's α) provided contradictory results. Rarefied species richness standardized to the number of individuals collected enabled more accurate comparisons of diversity and revealed when sampling was insufficient. Focusing on arthropods occurring in forested ecosystems, we also examined the use of taxon sampling curves in current literature by reviewing 133 published articles from 14 journals. Only 26% of the published articles in our review used a taxon sampling curve, and raw species richness and the Shannon–Wiener index of diversity were the most commonly used estimates. There is clearly a need to modify how alpha diversity is measured and compared for arthropod biodiversity studies. We recommend the abandonment of both raw species richness and single-index measures of diversity, and reiterate the need to use rarefaction or a related technique that allows for meaningful comparisons of species richness while taking into account sampling effort.

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Ichthyofauna of the Mata de Itamacaoca, an urban protected area from the upper Munim River basin, Northern Brazilian Cerrado

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Elioenai da Silva Oliveira ◽

Erick Cristofore Guimarães ◽

Pâmella Silva de Brito ◽

Lucas de Oliveira Vieira ◽

Rafael Ferreira de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

River Basin ◽

Fish Species ◽

Fish Community ◽

Linear Models ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Alien Invasive Species

Abstract: The Munim River basin is one of the main river drainages of the Hydrological unit Maranhão, but there are few published studies which focus on ichthyological surveys and taxonomic work within this basin. The present study aims to provide a fish species inventory of the Mata da Itamacaoca, one of the few urban protected areas from the upper Munim River basin, comparing the ichthyofauna with other lists by conducted at the upper Munim River basin. A total of 42 collection expeditions were conducted, the sampling was conducted at five collecting sites distributed within the boundaries of Mata de Itamacaoca, upper Munim River basin. Diversity indices were calculated and generalised linear models (GLMs) were employed to assess differences in species richness, diversity and evenness depending on season and location in relation to the reservoir dam wall. In order to visualize fish community differences, non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and a one-way PERMANOVA was used to understand whether factors of site, season and location to the dam wall had an effect on fish community compositions. A total of six orders, 13 families, and 23 fish species were found, and the order with the highest species richness, considering all reaches, was Characiformes followed by Cichliformes. The most abundant species was Nannostomus beckfordi, while Pimelodella parnahybae and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus were the rarer species sampled. There were no alien invasive species collected within the study area. Species richness was significantly higher below the dam wall, but there were no other significant differences in diversity indices with regards to season or location. Fish community composition was significantly different above and below the dam wall and was significantly affected by sampling site. Season did not have an effect on fish community. This study corroborates other studies conducted in the Unidade Hidrológica Maranhão sensu Hubbert and Renno (2006), that the ichthyofaunal composition and taxonomy of species within this region face major data deficits, anthropogenic impacts, this study may be a baseline for comparing similar environments throughout the region.

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Fish diversity drives regional productivity but not stability in southeastern United States coastal marine fishes

10.1101/2021.11.10.468121 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juliane Caughron ◽

Craig J Plante ◽

Marcel JM Reichert ◽

Tracey I Smart ◽

Daniel J McGlinn

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Species Richness ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Important Variable ◽

Marine Fishes ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Design Management ◽

Trawl Survey

Aim: Ecosystem-based management requires accurate predictions on how biotic and environmental factors interact to deliver ecosystem services. Biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) theory predicts that as diversity increases, the ecosystem will become more productive (positive diversity-productivity relationship: DPR) and more stable (positive diversity-stability relationship: DSR). Support for BEF has been primarily derived from fine-grained, non-harvested systems. The purpose of this study is to examine the robustness of BEF predictions for the DPR and DSR by examining how well fish diversity predicts productivity and stability of fish, shrimp, and flounder at a regional scale. Location: Southeast coast of United States. Time Period: 1989 - 2015. Major Taxa Studied: Marine Fishes. Methods: We used 27 years of the SEAMAP-SA Coastal Trawl Survey database to derive estimates of fish, shrimp, and flounder biomass (i.e., productivity), temporal stability of biomass (i.e., invariability of productivity), and fish community species richness. We pooled trawls into 22 km x 22 km raster cells and 3-year time bins. We controlled for variation in sampling effort using sample-based rarefaction. We compared the ability of fish species richness, water salinity, and water temperature to predict biomass and stability of all fish, shrimp, and flounder using multiple linear regression. Results: Both the DPR and DSR exhibited positive log-log linear trends as expected, but the DPR had a much stronger signal. Species richness outperformed the environmental covariates in both the fish and shrimp DPR models. Surface temperature was the most important variable in both flounder models. Overall, our models better explained productivity than stability. Main Conclusions: The DPR and DSR are relevant at regional scales in a commercially important fishery although support for the DSR is less justified than DPR. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms driving the DPR and DSR are necessary to design management around BEF theory.

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New distributional records for ants and the evaluation of ant species richness and endemism patterns in Mexico

Biodiversity Data Journal ◽

10.3897/bdj.9.e60630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Mario J. Aguilar-Méndez ◽

Madai Rosas-Mejía ◽

Miguel Vásquez-Bolaños ◽

Gloria Angélica González-Hernández ◽

Milan Janda

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Service Providers ◽

Species Number ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Ecological Significance ◽

Species Richness Estimation ◽

Narrow Endemic ◽

Atta Texana ◽

First Time

Ants (Formicidae) in Mexico have usually been undersampled despite their ecological significance and their utility as environmental service providers and bioindicators. This study estimates the species richness and the narrow endemic species number of ants across Mexico. It also documents the presence of one species newly recorded in Mexico and 19 new state-based records of 14 species from central and north Mexico. No surveys have been performed in most of the localities where we report those records, suggesting the need for a higher sampling effort across the country. We present an ant species richness estimation and a narrow endemic ant species estimation in a grid of 0.5 degrees in Mexico. Stenamma schmitii is recorded for the first time from Mexico. Additionally, new state-based records of Azteca velox, Dorymyrmex insanus, Camponotus coruscus, Camponotus striatus, Formica propatula, Lasius latipes, Neivamyrmex melanocephalus, Neivamyrmex rugulosus, Syscia augustae, Atta texana, Cephalotes scutulatus, Crematogaster crinosa and Temnothorax andrei are recorded.

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Distribution and diversity of Papilionidae and Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Loxicha Region, Oaxaca, Mexico

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v68i1.37587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Armando Luis-Martínez ◽

Alejandra Sánchez García ◽

Omar Ávalos-Hernández ◽

José Luis Salinas-Gutiérrez ◽

Marysol Trujano-Ortega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Vegetation Type ◽

Cloud Forest ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Elevational Gradient ◽

Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Species Richness And Diversity

Introduction: A reliable list of species and the analysis of diversity patterns of hyperdiverse taxa, like butterflies, are fundamental for monitoring and managing biological resources. Oaxaca is one of the most diverse states in Mexico for many groups including Lepidoptera and most of its diversity is unknown. Objective: to estimate and describe the species richness and diversity of Papilionidae and Pieridae along an altitudinal gradient and five vegetation types in the Loxicha Region, Oaxaca, Sierra Madre del Sur. Methods: Sampling effort comprised 222 collecting days during a period of seven years. We estimated the alpha diversity for 17 sites within an elevational gradient from 80 to 2 850 m, with five vegetation types: tropical deciduous forest (TDF), tropical sub-deciduous forest (TSDF), cloud forest (low and middle levels) (CF), oak-pine and cloud forest (high level) (OPCF) and oak-pine forest (OPF). Results: We obtained a list of 69 species (27 Papilionidae and 42 Pieridae), of 34 genera and five subfamilies, from literature records and fieldwork. These species are 60 % of the Pieridae and 48 % of the Papilionidae recorded for the state. The Loxicha Region has 36 % of the Pieridae and 30 % of the Papilionidae of Mexico. Both families present different species richness patterns by vegetation type. Papilionidae is richer in the TDF with 23 estimated species and most of the species of this family (84 %) occur below 500 m. Meanwhile, species richness of Pieridae has non-significant differences among vegetations types, except for OPF which has fewer species than the other types. The elevational gradient was divided into three levels (0-750, 750-1 800, 1 800-2 850 m) showing a reduction of species richness and diversity for both families at higher altitudes. Conclusions: Papilionidae species are more restricted to a vegetation type or elevational level than Pieridae species. Likely reasons are higher vagility (including migrations) and wider ecological tolerance of most Pieridae.

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Diversity and Population Status of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPS) in Community Forests of Dovan, Palpa, Nepal

Journal of Natural History Museum ◽

10.3126/jnhm.v24i1.2233 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 21-46

Author(s):

Munesh R. Gubhaju ◽

Suresh K. Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Plant Species ◽

Human Disturbance ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Forest Products ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Gamma Diversity ◽

Community Forest ◽

Community Forests

Patterns of diversity and distribution of non-timber forest product species (NTFPs) were studied in three community forests of Dovan VDC, Palpa. Richness of total plant species and NTFP species was compared in different community forests in relation to forest size, altitude, human disturbance and other physical factors. A total of 143 vascular plant species have been documented from the study area among which 114 species were identified as potentially useful species (NTFPs). The gamma diversity of all species as well as NTFP species was high in large-sized community forest and low in smaller-sized community forest indicating area-based increase in habitat heterogeneity in maintaining overall landscape level species diversity. But species richness (alpha diversity) showed pattern related more with the level of human disturbance associated with the management practices. Key words: Species richness; Alpha diversity; Beta diversity; Gamma diversity; Altitude; Disturbance. Journal of Natural History MuseumVol. 24, 2009Page: 21-46

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