scholarly journals Antibody response between pigs of Piau and a commercial breed naturally infected with Porcine circovirus 2

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145-1151
Author(s):  
L.H.S. Bulos ◽  
N.F. Gonzaga ◽  
L.F.L. Souza ◽  
V.S. Assao ◽  
R.A.S. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Serum Viral Load ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Blood Viral Load

ABSTRACT Brazilian pig population is made up of several naturalized breeds; among them the Piau breed is known for its rusticity and large fat stores. The naturalized breeds, in comparison with commercial ones, may have an increased resistance to diseases circulating in their territory. Thus, this study aimed to verify if there are differences between the serologic profile against Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) of Piau pigs and that of a commercial breed from a farm naturally infected by PCV2. The serum viral load was measured by qPCR, and levels of anti-PCV2 antibodies were measured by ELISA. The results showed that the serum viral load was similar across all animals. However, Piau piglets showed higher levels of antibodies compared to commercial piglets (P= 0.05), while sows of the commercial breed showed higher levels than the Piau breed (P< 0.01). There was not a statistical difference between pigs of different production stages in the seroprevalence of PCV2 or the blood viral load. This work demonstrates that, with regard to a natural PCV2 infection, the Piau breed has a different humoral immune response compared to the response developed by the commercial pigs. The results support the importance of conservation of native breeds.

scholarly journals Maternally Derived Antibody Levels Influence on Vaccine Protection against PCV2d Challenge

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
István Kiss ◽  
Krisztina Szigeti ◽  
Zalán G. Homonnay ◽  
Vivien Tamás ◽  
Han Smits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Antibody Levels

Piglets from a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stable farm of low and high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against PCV2 were vaccinated either with a whole virus type or a PCV2 ORF2 antigen-based commercial subunit vaccine at three weeks of age. Two non-vaccinated groups served as low and high MDA positive controls. At four weeks post vaccination, all piglets were challenged with a PCV2d-2 type virus strain and were checked for parameters related to vaccine protection over a four-week observation period. MDA levels evidently impacted the outcome of the PCV2d-2 challenge in non-vaccinated animals, while it did not have a significant effect on vaccine-induced protection levels. The humoral immune response developed faster in the whole virus vaccinates than in the subunit vaccinated pigs in the low MDA groups. Further, high MDA levels elicited a stronger negative effect on the vaccine-induced humoral immune response for the subunit vaccine than for the whole virus vaccine. The group-based oral fluid samples and the group mean viraemia and faecal shedding data correlated well, enabling this simple, and animal welfare-friendly sampling method for the evaluation of the PCV2 viral load status of these nursery piglets.

scholarly journals Viral load and humoral immune response in association with disease severity in Puumala hantavirus-infected patients—implications for treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pettersson ◽  
T. Thunberg ◽  
J. Rocklöv ◽  
J. Klingström ◽  
M. Evander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals The effects of sow viremia and maternal antibodies in porcine circovirus 2 on viral infection and weight of piglets

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Gerber ◽  
F.M. Garrocho ◽  
Z.I.P. Lobato
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Maternal Antibodies ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Antibody Levels

The aim of this study was to characterize the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections in farrowing sows and to evaluate an association with piglet viremia and weight. Twenty sows and 100 newborn piglets were studied. Colostrum and serum of the sows were obtained on the day of parturition. Milk samples were collected on day 20 postpartum. Blood samples were taken and the piglets were weighed on days 1, 20, 42, 63 and 84 postpartum. Colostrum, milk and serum were evaluated for PCV2 DNA load. Serum was evaluated for neutralizing antibodies. PCV2 DNA was found in 17/20 serum samples, 14/20 colostrum samples and 11/20 milk samples. On day 1 postpartum 29% of piglets were viremic. PCV2 viral load ranged from 3.02 to 6.75 log10 copies/mL considering all sampled days. There was no correlation between sow viremia, antibody levels or PCV2 load in colostrum and piglet viremia on day 1 postpartum. The PCV2 load in colostrum and milk was associated with viremia in piglets from weaning to 84 days postpartum. Piglets' PCV2 viremia and viral load could not be associated with weight throughout this study.

Porcine Circovirus-2 Viral Load versus Lesions in Pigs: Perspectives for Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M.F. Silva ◽  
A. Silva Júnior ◽  
P.M.P. Vidigal ◽  
C.R. Oliveira ◽  
V.W. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

scholarly journals High prevalence of porcine circovirus 2, porcine parvovirus, and pathogenic leptospires in mummified swine fetuses in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geslaine Herdt ◽  
Alex Eron Maciel ◽  
Mathias Martins ◽  
Alexandre Alberto Tonin ◽  
Daniela Lourdes Vanazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Death ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT: Modern swine production employs a high degree of technology and is organized in various production stages, in which reproduction is one of the most significant. However, reproductive losses associated to fetal death are still high. Fetal losses, including fetal mummification, may occur at a rate below 1.5% in a sound herd. The causes of fetal death can be very diverse, and include various infectious agents. Therefore, investigating the causes of fetal losses is important in the decision-making process related to the control and prophylaxis of the herd. The goal of this study was to carry out a molecular survey, analyzing porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), and pathogenic Leptospira as potential agents related to fetal death in swine farms in Southern Brazil. We collected samples from three farms with a mummified index ≥ 2.5%. Fragments of brain, lung, kidney, liver, and heart were sampled for PCR analysis. Out of 100 samples examined, 87, 68, and 22 were positive for PCV2, PPV, and Leptospira spp., respectively. Moreover, we also identified coinfections with two and three pathogens in the same sample. Our findings contribute to the spreading of scientific knowledge related to infectious causes (PPV, PCV2, and pathogenic leptospires) of fetal losses in swine, as evidenced by the high frequencies of the investigated agents.

scholarly journals Longitudinal comparison of the humoral immune response and viral load of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in pigs with different vaccination schemes under field conditions

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Diana S. Vargas-Bermudez ◽  
Andrés Díaz ◽  
José Darío Mogollón ◽  
Jairo Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Over Time

Background: Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections are distributed worldwide and cause Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD). To minimize the impact of PCV2 infection on swine health and production, different vaccination schemes have been used since 2006. However, the association between vaccination schemes, virus load and disease under field conditions are not completely understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different PCV2 vaccination schemes on the humoral response and PCV2 load in pigs after weaning under field conditions. Methods: Two commercial pig farms (Farm A and B), endemically infected with PCV2, which were using two different PCV2 subunit vaccinations schemes for sow, gilts and piglets, were selected. We designed a longitudinal study and measured IgG levels by ELISA and virus load by quantitative PCR in pigs after weaning. Forty 3-week old piglets were randomly selected at weaning and followed for 20 weeks. IgG levels and virus loads were compared within and between farms and considered statistically different if the non-parametric Wilcoxon-test p value was lower than 0.05. Results: We found that low virus loads were maintained in pigs from both farms regardless of the vaccination scheme used (p>0.05). However, there was significant difference in the mean IgG levels observed over time (p<0.05) while there were no significant differences in viral loads. This suggests that different humoral immune response is not associated with different virus loads observed over time. Conclusions: These results are important because they can help to prevent PCV2 infections using different vaccination schemes to minimize the effect of PCVAD on swine health and production.

scholarly journals Longitudinal comparison of the humoral immune response and viral load of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in pigs with different vaccination schemes under field conditions

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Diana S. Vargas-Bermudez ◽  
Andrés Díaz ◽  
José Darío Mogollón ◽  
Jairo Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Over Time

Background: Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections are distributed worldwide and cause Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD). To minimize the impact of PCV2 infection on swine health and production, different vaccination schemes have been used since 2006. However, the association between vaccination schemes, virus load and disease under field conditions are not completely understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different PCV2 vaccination schemes on the humoral response and PCV2 load in pigs after weaning under field conditions. Methods: Two commercial pig farms (Farm A and B), endemically infected with PCV2, which were using two different PCV2 subunit vaccinations schemes for sow, gilts and piglets, were selected. We designed a longitudinal study and measured IgG levels by ELISA and virus load by quantitative PCR in pigs after weaning. Forty 3-week old piglets were randomly selected at weaning and followed for 20 weeks. IgG levels and virus loads were compared within and between farms and considered statistically different if the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test p value was lower than 0.05. Results: We found that low virus loads were maintained in pigs from both farms regardless of the vaccination scheme used (p>0.05). However, there was significant difference in the mean IgG levels observed over time (p<0.05), suggesting that different humoral immune response are not necessarily associated with different virus loads observed over time. Conclusions: These results are important because they can help to prevent PCV2 infections using different vaccination schemes to minimize the effect of PCVAD on swine health and production.

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