Porcine Circovirus-2 Viral Load versus Lesions in Pigs: Perspectives for Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M.F. Silva ◽  
A. Silva Júnior ◽  
P.M.P. Vidigal ◽  
C.R. Oliveira ◽  
V.W. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

scholarly journals Binding and entry characteristics of porcine circovirus 2 in cells of the porcine monocytic line 3D4/31

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 2057-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Misinzo ◽  
P. Meerts ◽  
M. Bublot ◽  
J. Mast ◽  
H. M. Weingartl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcv2 Infection ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Monocytic Cell ◽  
Monocytic Cell Line ◽  
Hypertonic Medium ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Weak Bases ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and reproductive problems in pigs. Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are important target cells in PCV2-infected pigs, but the method of binding and entry of PCV2 into these cells is unknown. Therefore, binding and entry of PCV2 to the porcine monocytic cell line 3D4/31 were studied by visualization of binding and internalization of PCV2 virus-like particles (VLPs) by confocal microscopy and chemical inhibition of endocytic pathways (clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis), followed by evaluation of the level of PCV2 infection. It was shown that PCV2 VLPs bound to all cells, with maximal binding starting from 30 min post-incubation. Bound PCV2 VLPs were internalized in 47±5·0 % of cells. Internalization was continuous, with 70·5±9·7 % of bound PCV2 VLPs internalized at 360 min post-incubation. Internalizing PCV2 VLPs co-localized with clathrin. PCV2 infection was decreased significantly by chemical inhibitors that specifically blocked (i) actin-dependent processes, including cytochalasin D (75·5±7·0 % reduction) and latrunculin B (71·0±3·0 % reduction), and (ii) clathrin-mediated endocytosis, including potassium depletion combined with hypotonic shock (50·2±6·3 % reduction), hypertonic medium (56·4±5·7 % reduction), cytosol acidification (59·1±7·1 % reduction) and amantadine (52·6±6·7 % reduction). Inhibiting macropinocytosis with amiloride and caveolae-dependent endocytosis with nystatin did not decrease PCV2 infection significantly. PCV2 infection was reduced by the lysosomotropic weak bases ammonium chloride (47·0±7·9 % reduction) and chloroquine diphosphate (49·0±5·6 % reduction). Together, these data demonstrate that PCV2 enters 3D4/31 cells predominantly via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and requires an acidic environment for infection.

scholarly journals Antibody response between pigs of Piau and a commercial breed naturally infected with Porcine circovirus 2

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145-1151
Author(s):  
L.H.S. Bulos ◽  
N.F. Gonzaga ◽  
L.F.L. Souza ◽  
V.S. Assao ◽  
R.A.S. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Serum Viral Load ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Blood Viral Load

ABSTRACT Brazilian pig population is made up of several naturalized breeds; among them the Piau breed is known for its rusticity and large fat stores. The naturalized breeds, in comparison with commercial ones, may have an increased resistance to diseases circulating in their territory. Thus, this study aimed to verify if there are differences between the serologic profile against Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) of Piau pigs and that of a commercial breed from a farm naturally infected by PCV2. The serum viral load was measured by qPCR, and levels of anti-PCV2 antibodies were measured by ELISA. The results showed that the serum viral load was similar across all animals. However, Piau piglets showed higher levels of antibodies compared to commercial piglets (P= 0.05), while sows of the commercial breed showed higher levels than the Piau breed (P< 0.01). There was not a statistical difference between pigs of different production stages in the seroprevalence of PCV2 or the blood viral load. This work demonstrates that, with regard to a natural PCV2 infection, the Piau breed has a different humoral immune response compared to the response developed by the commercial pigs. The results support the importance of conservation of native breeds.

Management system to control and minimise effect caused by post-weaning multi systemic wasting syndrome and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 224-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Brice
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Management System ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Management Techniques

The increasing prevalence of PMWS /PDNS within global pig production since 1995 has steadily increased, UK first affected in 1999. Impact on post weaning mortality is variable with rates exceeding 30% commonly reported, no medication or treatments have proved effective or successful, vaccination is still unavailable and the industry is still striving to find the scientific answers and solutions behind this economically damaging disease. Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) is widely acknowledged as the probable causal agent but still not confirmed, if so has it changed or is it a new PCV? With enhanced virulence, a definitive identification and test is urgently required. The objective is to demonstrate how successful specialised management techniques alongside a batch system is capable of reducing post-weaning mortality to pre PMWS levels and to further improve overall herd health, productivity and economic performance.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Porcine Circovirus-2 in Domestic Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domestica) in Latvia

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
Inga Pigiņka-Vjačeslavova ◽  
Edīte Birģele ◽  
Žanete Šteingolde
Keyword(s):  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domestica ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Primary Agent

Abstract Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) is the primary agent of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS), and is associated with Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease, which causes great economic losses in pig breeding. PCV2 infection is distributed worldwide throughout the domestic pig population. There have not been any investigations on the distribution of PCV2 sero-prevalence in the population of pigs in Latvia. However PCV2 is one of main differential infections for many diseases, and therefore it is very variable in clinical presentation of PMWS and other diseases associated with PCV2. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of PCV2 in pigs of different-scale farms located in different regions of Latvia. Blood samples of 963 pigs from 58 different-scale farms were examined for the PCV2 antibody from 2006 to 2016. It can be suggested that PCV2 is widespread within the territory of Latvia. Farms with pig number of up to 10 and farms with more than 5000 animals have different levels of biosafety, housing conditions and herd management. Nevertheless, the study showed that the number of PCV2-seropositive animals is similar in all farms (from 70.0% to 79.7%).

Distribution of porcine circovirus 2 cap antigen in the lymphoid tissue of pigs affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Becskei ◽  
Sanja Aleksić-Kovačević ◽  
Miklós Rusvai ◽  
Gyula Balka ◽  
Csaba Jakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

The lymphatic organs of 50 pigs from a total of eight farms located at different sites in the epizootiological region of North Bačka County were studied to obtain data on the prevalence of circoviral infections in Serbia. All of the pigs examined had clinical signs suggestive of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). All pigs underwent necropsy and tissue samples were taken for histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and PCR analysis. The presence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was established by PCR analysis in the organs of the pigs tested. The most frequent histopathological lesions of lymphoid tissue linked with the presence of positive immunostaining for PCV2 Cap antigen confirmed the existence of PMWS in all farms tested in North Bačka County. Using PCR, histopathological and IHC techniques, the presence of PMWS was proved in the Republic of Serbia. During necropsy, generalised enlargement of the lymph nodes was evident. The most common histopathological finding was lymphocyte depletion in the follicular and perifollicular areas of lymph nodes. Infiltration by macrophages was also recorded. By IHC analysis, the cytoplasm of macrophages was shown to contain a large amount of the ORF2-coded Cap antigen of PCV2. Lymphocyte depletion and large numbers of macrophages were recorded in the tonsils, spleen, intestinal lymphatic tissue, Peyer’s patches and ileocaecal valve. The presence of typical granulomatous lesions with multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) was also recorded in the lymphatic tissue. Cap antigen was shown to be present in macrophages and less often in lymphocytes.

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