scholarly journals Seroprevalence of HCV markers among HIV infected patients from Curitiba and metropolitan region

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Regina Tizzot ◽  
Caroline Grisbach ◽  
Marcia Holsbach Beltrame ◽  
Iara José de Taborda Messias-Reason
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hcv Coinfection

SUMMARY Objective: to determine the prevalence and epidemiological factors associated with hepatitis (HCV) coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients from Curitiba and the metropolitan region. Methods: a study with 303 HIV+ patients, mean age 41.2 years (18-73); 50.5% men, followed at the Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, between April 2008 and March 2009. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained through questionnaires and retrospective analysis of medical records. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: a total of 12.9% of HIV+ patients were positive for anti-HCV antibodies, 64.1% were men and 35.9% women, with mean age of 44.5 years (24-66). The frequency of HCV among men was 16.7% and among women 9.1% (p=0.06). HCV prevalence was associated to HIV infection when compared to the general population (p<10-6, OR=100.4; 95CI=13.7-734.9). The parenteral route of transmission was the most frequent among coinfected patients (46.1%), and the sexual transmission among HIV+/HCV- (71.8%) (p=0.02, OR=0.2; 95CI=0.1-0.7). The frequency of intravenous drug users was higher among the coinfected patients (61.5%) compared to the non coinfected (12.6%) (p<10-6, OR=11.1; 95CI=4.5-27.7). Conclusion: the prevalence of coinfection with HCV in HIV+ patients is 12.9%, 88 times higher than in the general population in Curitiba. The most frequent route of transmission in the coinfected patients is parenteral, but the sexual route is also representative (34.6%).

scholarly journals The distinct epidemic characteristics of HCV co-infection among HIV-1-infected population caused by drug injection and sexual transmission in Yunnan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Mei Zhang ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Lingshuai Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Hcv Genotype ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Genotype 3A

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients in Yunnan province. We studied the epidemic characteristics of HCV in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Serum from 894 HIV-1 patients was collected, together with basic information and biochemical features. All samples were infected with HIV through injecting drug users (IDUs) and sexual transmission (ST). The NS5B gene was amplified and sequenced to affirm HCV genotype. In total, 202 HIV patients were co-infected with HCV, and most (81.19%) of co-infected patients were IDUs. Genotype 3b was predominant (37.62%) in these samples, and its frequency was similar in patients with IDU and ST. The frequencies of genotypes 1a, 1b, 3a, 6a, 6n, 2a and 6u were 3.96%, 16.34%, 23.76%, 6.93%, 10.40%, 0.50% and 0.50%, respectively. However, genotype 3a showed significantly different frequency in HCV patients with IDU and ST (P = 0.019). When HCV patients were divided into subgroups, the haemoglobin (HGB) level was significantly higher in patients with genotype 3a than in patients with 3b (P = 0.033), 6a (P = 0.006) and 6n (P = 0.007), respectively. Although no difference existed among HCV subgroups, HIV-viral load was identified to be positively correlated with the HGB level and CD4+ cells when dividing HCV/HIV co-infected persons into male and female groups. In conclusion, genotype 3b was the predominant HCV genotype in Yunnan HIV/HCV co-infected persons. The HGB level was higher in patients with genotype 3a than others. HIV-viral load was positively correlated with the HGB level and CD4+ cells in the male or female HCV-infected group.

scholarly journals Wide Variation in the Multiplicity of HIV-1 Infection among Injection Drug Users

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 6241-6247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine J. Bar ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Annie Chamberland ◽  
Cecile Tremblay ◽  
Jean Pierre Routy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Single Genome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Recent studies indicate that sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) generally results from productive infection by only one virus, a finding attributable to the mucosal barrier. Surprisingly, a recent study of injection drug users (IDUs) from St. Petersburg, Russia, also found most subjects to be acutely infected by a single virus. Here, we show by single-genome amplification and sequencing in a different IDU cohort that 60% of IDU subjects were infected by more than one virus, including one subject who was acutely infected by at least 16 viruses. Multivariant transmission was more common in IDUs than in heterosexuals (60% versus 19%; odds ratio, 6.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 to 31.27; P = 0.008). These findings highlight the diversity in HIV-1 infection risks among different IDU cohorts and the challenges faced by vaccines in protecting against this mode of infection.

Parenteral and Sexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Intravenous Drug Users: A Study of Seroconversion

1992 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Nicolosi ◽  
Maria Lèa Correa Leite ◽  
Massimo Musicco ◽  
Silvia Molinari ◽  
Adriano Lazzarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Syphilis in injecting drug users: clues for high-risk sexual behaviour in female IDUs

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Muga ◽  
Josep Roca ◽  
Jordi Tor ◽  
Carme Pigem ◽  
Rosa Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Female Idus ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Risk Sexual Behaviour

The objective was to measure the gender-specific differences for syphilis and for the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a crosssectional analysis of injecting drug users (IDUs) admitted to detoxification between February 1987 and January 1990. HIV was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed with Western blot. For syphilis reactive samples to a rapid plasma reagent (RPR) were confirmed with treponemal tests (FTA-ABS or MHA-TP). Of the 386 heterosexual IDUs, 68% were HIV-positive and 4.7% had serologic syphilis (RPR and FTA-ABS or MHA-TP positive). Syphilis was higher in women (12%) than in men (3%), and women reported a significantly (P< 0.001) higher number of sex partners. Men had an IDU as a sex partner more often than women did (P=0.001). Serologic syphilis in women was associated with having had more than one sexual partner in the previous year (P=0.028) but this association was not present in men. HIV infection was not associated with syphilis in male IDUs. However, HIV was present in all women with syphilis that reported more than one partner.

scholarly journals Current trends in HIV/ AIDS epidemiology in Poland, 1999 – 2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rosinska
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

The first HIV/ AIDS cases in Poland were diagnosed in the mid-1980, and the outbreak in injecting drug users was first observed in 1989. For many years the HIV epidemic in Poland was driven by injecting drug use. In this study we examine the trends in the HIV/ AIDS epidemic based on the surveillance data for 1999-2004. During this period, 3561 new HIV infections (annual rate of 15.4 per 1 000 000 inhabitants) were reported and 803 incident AIDS cases (incidence 3.5 per 1 000 000) were diagnosed. Both the annual number of newly detected HIV infections and the AIDS incidence showed a slight increasing trend. In particular, the vertically transmitted AIDS incidence increased from 0.46 in 1999 - 2000 to 0.91 per 1 000 000 children under 15 years in 2003 - 2004. Approximately 36% of AIDS patients aged 15 years or above had not been previously diagnosed with HIV. The annual number of the late presenters increased markedly between 1999 and 2004 and was higher amongst individuals infected through sexual transmission (51.0%) than those infected by injecting drug use (20.1%) . Injecting drug users made up 78.6% of new HIV infections with known transmission route, but for 47.9% of all cases the route of transmission was not reported. In order to generate more accurate data, HIV surveillance must be enhanced. Nevertheless, there is clear evidence for implementation of a comprehensive programme of prevention of vertical transmission and encouraging more extensive HIV testing especially in the groups at risk for sexual transmission. An effort is needed to enhance HIV surveillance and prevention in the framework of programmes for STI.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Therapy as Prevention of … Pneumococcal Infections?

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Lesourd ◽  
Jérémie Leporrier ◽  
Valérie Delbos ◽  
Guillemette Unal ◽  
Patricia Honoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
General Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Despite antiretroviral therapy, it is generally believed that the risk for pneumococcal infections (PnIs) is high among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, most studies in this field have been conducted before 2010, and the proportion of virologically suppressed patients has drastically increased in these latter years thanks to larger indications and more effective antiretroviral regimens. This study aimed to re-evaluate the current risk of PnI among adult patients infected with HIV. Methods The incidence of PnI was evaluated between 1996 and 2014 in 2 French regional hospitals. The 80 most recent cases of PnI (2000–2014) were retrospectively compared with 160 controls (HIV patients without PnI) to analyze the residual risk factors of PnI. Results Among a mean annual follow-up cohort of 1616 patients, 116 PnIs were observed over 18 years. The risk factors of PnI among patients infected with HIV were an uncontrolled HIV infection or “classic” risk factors of PnI shared by the general population such as addiction, renal or respiratory insufficiency, or hepatitis B or C coinfection. Pneumococcal vaccination coverage was low and poorly targeted, because only 5% of the cases had been previously vaccinated. The incidence of invasive PnIs among HIV patients with a nonvirologically suppressed infection or comorbidities was 12 times higher than that reported in the general population at the country level (107 vs 9/100000 patients), whereas the incidence among virologically suppressed HIV patients without comorbidities was lower (7.6/100000 patients). Conclusions Human immunodeficiency virus infection no longer per se seems to be a significant risk factor for PnI, suggesting a step-down from a systematic to an “at-risk patient” targeted pneumococcal vaccination strategy.

scholarly journals Natural simian immunodeficiency virus transmission in mandrills: a family affair?

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1742) ◽  
pp. 3426-3435 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fouchet ◽  
Delphine Verrier ◽  
Barthélémy Ngoubangoye ◽  
Sandrine Souquière ◽  
Maria Makuwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Transmission Modes ◽  
Evolution Of Virulence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Behavioural Interactions

Understanding how pathogens spread and persist in the ecosystem is critical for deciphering the epidemiology of diseases of significance for global health and the fundamental mechanisms involved in the evolution of virulence and host resistance. Combining long-term behavioural and epidemiological data collected in a naturally infected mandrill population and a Bayesian framework, the present study investigated unknown aspects of the eco-epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), the recent ancestor of HIV. Results show that, in contrast to what is expected from aggressive and sexual transmission (i.e. the two commonly accepted transmission modes for SIV), cases of SIVmnd-1 subtype were significantly correlated among related individuals (greater than 30% of the observed cases). Challenging the traditional view of SIV, this finding suggests the inheritance of genetic determinants of susceptibility to SIV and/or a role for behavioural interactions among maternal kin affecting the transmission of the virus, which would highlight the underappreciated role of sociality in the spread of infectious diseases. Outcomes of this study also provide novel insights into the role of host social structure in the evolution of pathogens.

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