scholarly journals Productivity of castor bean plants intercropped at different plant densities with Urochloa ruziziensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos F. dos S. Cordeiro ◽  
Fábio R. Echer ◽  
Lucas H. T. Pires ◽  
José E. Creste
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Densities

ABSTRACT Castor bean is an important raw material to produce biofuel in Brazil and can be grown in several regions of the country due to its good adaptation and tolerance to high temperatures and water deficit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of castor bean plants intercropped at different plant densities with Urochloa ruziziensis. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications, using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of four plant densities (13,574, 24,512, 36,816, and 40,723 plants ha-1) of castor bean and two crop systems (single crop, and intercrop with Urochloa ruziziensis). The data were subjected to analyses of variance and regression, and means were compared by the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The intercrop system reduced the number of pods per plant by 15%, but it did not significantly affect the castor bean grain yield. Increasing plant density reduced linearly the proportion of plants harvested, reaching 22.1%, from the lowest to the highest plant density used; the highest grain yield was achieved using 36,816 plants ha-1 for both intercrop and single crop systems. Intercropping castor bean with U. ruziziensis does not reduce the castor bean grain yield and is an alternative to produce biomass for following crops, especially in production environments with low fertility soils, high temperatures, and infrequent rainfall.

scholarly journals Spacing, population density and nitrogen fertilization in corn grown in an Oxisoil

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Lana ◽  
Leandro Rampim ◽  
Tatiane Ohland ◽  
Fernando Fávero
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate yield components, leaf nitrogen content and grain yield in corn as affected by row spacing, plant density and nitrogen topdressing. The experiment was conducted with the single-cross hybrid AG 8021, in the municipality of Toledo-PR, in an Oxisoil under no-tillage system, in the crop year 2005/ 2006. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design and treatments in split-split-plots, with four replications. The two row spacings (0.45 and 0.90 m) were allocated in the main plots, the two plant densities (60,000 and 80,000 plants ha-1) were allocated in the subplots and the three nitrogen rates (80, 100, 120 and 140 kg ha-1 N) were allocated in the sub-subplots. Topdress nitrogen was applied using urea as N source. The rise of the plant population from 60,000 to 80,000 plants ha-1 and the application of topdress nitrogen resulted in increased production components. The application of topdress fertilization provided increase in leaf N content and grain yield for the spacings 0.45 m and 0.90 m. Yield was higher in the spacing 0.45 m than 0.90 m. Yield was higher with 60,000 plants than with 80,000 plants at 0.90 m, while at 0.45 m there was no difference in relation to the plant density.

scholarly journals Grain yield and population densities of new corn hybrids released by the INIFAP and UNAM for the High Valleys of Mexico†

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-515
Author(s):  
Margarita Tadeo-Robledo ◽  
Alejandro Espinosa-Calderón ◽  
Enrique Canales-Islas ◽  
Consuelo López-López ◽  
Benjamín Zamudio-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
H 51

In Mexico, corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals from the alimentary, industrial, social, political, and cultural points of view. It is grown in different agroecological niches, water regimes, and management systems. The objective of the present research work was to study the optimum plant density per area unit and its effect on grain yield and agronomical characteristics of different corn hybrids. Six corn hybrids (H-51 AE, H 53 AE, H 47 AE, H 49 AE, Tsíri PUMA, and H-48) and three plant densities (50 000, 65 000, and 80 000 plants ha-1) were evaluated. Sowing was done during the spring-summer season, 2015, in field owned by the FESC-UNAM and CEVAMEX-INIFAP. A completely randomized block design was used with four replicates. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were detected for genotypes (G) in the variables of grain yield, plant height, ear height, days to male and female flowering, volumetric weight, grain weight, ear length, and grains per ear. Moreover, the effect of the environment (E) was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the same variables, with the exception of ear length. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) were registered for the densities factor (D). Only the G×E interaction had significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the grain yield trait. The better environment was CEVAMEX, with a mean yield of 5497 kg ha-1. The Tsíri PUMA hybrid had the best grain yield with 5856 kg ha-1. Although there were no differences for the studied interactions, the 65 000 plants ha-1 population density was the most appropriate. The densities factor did not affect the performance of the evaluated hybrids. Therefore, we recommend using 65 000 plants ha-1 to avoid investing in large amounts of seeds.

scholarly journals Influence of plant densities and fertility levels on growth and yield of chickpea (CicerarietinumL.) genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
GURINDER SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

A field experiment was conducted at Research and Advanced Studies, Dhablan, Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Patiala during rabiseason 2019-20 to find out the influence of plant densities and fertility levels on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of two genotypes (PBG 7 and GPF 2), two planting densities and two fertility levels. The results revealed that the genotype PBG 7 recorded significantly highestgrain yield (18.01 q ha-1) as compared to genotype GPF2 (16.62 q ha-1). The growth parameters were also higher with genotype PBG 7 followed by GPF 2. The density of 30 × 10 cm recorded. The highest grain and straw yield (17.47 and 22.51 q ha-1)as compared to 45× 10 cm spacing (16.74 and 18.53 q ha-1). However, yield attributes like pods plant-1,grain yield plant-1 and harvest index were higher with wider planting density (45 × 10 cm). Higher fertility level (N30P60K30S20 kg ha-1) produced highest grain yield (17.88 q ha-1) as compared to low fertility levels(16.75 q ha-1). The growth and yield parameters followed the similar trend. The chickpea genotype PBG 7 showed better response to closer planting density and higher fertility level.

scholarly journals Effect of water regimes and plant densities on cowpea production1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinete Martins de Sousa Monteiro ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Cowpea has been cultivated in a rudimentary form in the main producing regions of Brazil, resulting in lower grain yields, when compared to the crop potential. The use of technologies such as water regimes, adequate plant density and soil management are alternatives to increase this crop yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different water regimes and plant densities on the yield components of cowpea cultivated under conventional and no-tillage systems. A randomized block design in a split-plot factorial, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of five water regimes in the plots (157.00 mm, 189.00 mm, 234.00 mm, 274.00 mm and 320.00 mm) and five plant densities as subplots (12 plants m-2, 16 plants m-2, 20 plants m-2, 24 plants m-2 and 28 plants m-2). The evaluated variables were: number of pods per plant, number of pods per area, pod length and grain yield. The combination between 270 mm of irrigation water depth with a density of 280,000 plants ha-1 resulted in higher grain yield using the no-tillage system, while the combination between the density of 280,000 plants ha-1 and 320 mm of water depth favored the highest grain yields in the conventional growing system.

scholarly journals POPULATION DENSITY ON COWPEA CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT GROWTH HABITS IN THE MATOPIBA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILTON JOSÉ CARDOSO ◽  
FRANCISCO DE BRITO MELO ◽  
VALDENIR QUEIROZ RIBEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Growth Habits

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the productive performance of cowpea cultivars with different growth habits as a function of population density in the MATOPIBA region, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in Magalhães de Almeida, MA in the agricultural season 2014/2015. The cultivars BRS Itaim, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Pajeú, which present an erect, semi-erect, and semi-prostrate growth habits, respectively, were assessed. For the erect and semi-erect cultivars, a total of 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 plants m−2 were used whereas for the semi-prostrate cultivar, a total of 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 plants m−2 were used. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and treatments composed of plant densities. Grain yield and number of pods per area presented a quadratic response to the increased plant density whereas a decreasing linear response was observed for the number of pods per plant. The maximum grain yield of erect, semi-erect, and semi-prostrate cultivars were 1,076 kg ha−1 (19.5 plants m−2), 1,252 kg ha−1 (18.7 plants m−2), and 755 kg ha−1 (14.5 plants m−2), respectively. The number of pods per area was the character that most correlated (P<0.01) with grain yield, regardless of the plant growth habit.

scholarly journals Growth performance of castor bean hybrids under different plant densities

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laerte Gustavo Pivetta ◽  
Camila de Aquino Tomaz ◽  
Samuel Luiz Fioreze ◽  
Ana Carolina da Costa Lara-Fioreze ◽  
Laércio Augusto Pivetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Sink Demand

ABSTRACT Castor bean grown at high plant densities can increase yield due to increased light interception and reduction in sink demand. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant density on growth of castor bean hybrids. The experiment was conducted in Botucatu, SP, Brazil, in a split plot randomized block design, with four replications, in 2011 and 2012. The main plot consisted of the sampling times and the subplots consisted of a 3x3 factorial, with the 3 genotypes in the first factor and the 3 plant densities in the second factor. The variables analyzed were: dry mass of leaves, stems, racemes, and total dry matter, which were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after emergence (DAE). Data were examined for significant differences using analysis of variance followed by the F test (p < 0.05). When interaction was found between the factors and sampling the means were analyzed by regression analysis (p < 0.05). Growth performance was higher in 2012 because of the greater water availability. In 2011, under lower rainfall, there was less branching resulting in cycle end, with total leaf loss. High plant densities partially suppress the development of higher-order structures, especially when associated with water restriction.

scholarly journals Aluminum tolerance in castor bean lines1

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Lucas Barbosa de Freitas ◽  
Dirceu Maximino Fernandes ◽  
Suelen Cristina Mendonça Maia ◽  
Laerte Gustavo Pivetta ◽  
Maurício Dutra Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Adequate Management

ABSTRACT Castor bean plants are susceptible to aluminum (Al) in the soil, requiring adequate management techniques for their cultivation in acid soils containing high Al levels, as it occurs in tropical regions. This study aimed to assess the Al tolerance of castor bean lines. A randomized block design, in a 2 x 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates, was used. The treatments consisted of presence and absence of Al, as well as nine castor bean lines (CRZ H06, CRZ H11, CRZ H12, CRZ H15, CRZ H17, CRZ H18, CRZ H19, CRZ H22 and FCA). Based on a distribution into quartiles, the lines were divided into two groups. The Al-tolerant group contained the CRZ H06, H11 and H17 lines, while the group susceptible to Al was composed of CRZ H12, H15, H18, H19, H22 and FCA. The FCA and CRZ H17 lines showed the highest growth, when cultivated without Al.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF Ricinus communis HYBRIDS FOR LOW PLANT HEIGHT1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-845
Author(s):  
FREDSON DOS SANTOS MENEZES ◽  
SIMONE ALVES SILVA ◽  
GEAN CARLO SOARES CAPINAN ◽  
HELISON SANTOS BRASILEIRO ◽  
LAURENICE ARAÚJO DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Stem Internode ◽  
High Heritability

ABSTRACT Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant native to Africa that presents important socioeconomic value for many countries, and has been the subject of breeding programs. In this context, the objective of this work was to identify genotypes with potential for improvement, focused on lowering plant height, using 19 hybrids and eight parents of R. communis. The study was developed at the experimental area of the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia in Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2017 using a randomized block design with three replications, consisting of eight parents and 19 hybrids resulting from hybridization of these parents, grown with spacing of 3 meters between rows and 1 meter between plants. The characters stem diameter (SD), primary raceme insertion height (PRI), number of stem internodes (NSI), mean stem internode length (SIL), plant height (PH), number of harvested racemes (NHR), primary raceme length (PRL), and effective raceme length (ERL) were evaluated by analyzing the genetic parameters of variances and correlation between them. Five (H17, H2, H11, H13, and H6) of the 19 hybrids evaluated have potential to decrease PH of castor bean plants, presenting heights below 1.07 m. Direct selection for plant height is the most indicated for this purpose due to the high heritability of the character. However, the characters SD, PRI, and SIL stood out by assisting in indirect selection to decrease plant height because they can be early measured and present high heritability and strong correlation with PH.

scholarly journals Integrated Effect of Plant Density, N Rates and Irrigation Regimes on the Biomass Production, N Content, PAR Use Efficiencies and Water Productivity of Rice Under Irrigated Semiarid Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel AHMAD ◽  
Mirza HASANUZZAMAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Plant Densities

Two field experiments were conducted for two years (2000 and 2001) at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan. There were 15 treatment combinations for experiment-I having three plant densities, viz., one seedling hill-1 (PD1), two seedlings hill-1 (PD2) and three seedlings hill-1 (PD3) and five nitrogen rates, viz., 0, (N0); 50, (N50); 100, (N100); 150, (N150); and 200 (N200) kg N ha-1. Experiment-II also included 15 treatments having three plant densities, viz., one seedling hill-1 (PD1), two seedlings hill-1 (PD2) and three seedlings hill-1 (PD3) and five irrigation regimes, viz., 62.5 cm (I1), 77.5 cm (I2), 92.5 cm (I3), 107.5 cm (I4), and 122.5 cm (I5). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed with three repetitions. The results for experiment-I revealed that the highest biomass (1438 g m-2), grain yield (497 g m-2), crop growth rate (15.36 g m-2 d-1), net assimilation rate (4.24 g m-2 d-1) were observed in the treatment having combination of two seedlings hill-1 and 200 kg N ha-1 (PD2N200). The agronomic and economic nitrogen and PAR use efficiencies were also higher in this treatment. In case of experiment-II, the highest biomass and grain yield were obtained in case of treatment having combination of two seedlings hill-1 and 107.5 cm irrigation regime (PD2I107.5). The irrigation application based water productivity ranged from 0.36 kg mm-3 to 0.61 kg mm-1, irrigation plus precipitation based water productivity ranged from 0.32 kg mm-3 to 0.55 kg mm-3 and evapotranspiration based water productivity ranged from 0.65 kg mm-3 to 0.84 kg mm-3 among 15 treatments combination of plant density and irrigation regimes. This study concludes that for increasing the benefits for the resource-poor growers, the integration of crop management practices is an optimum strategy to substantially increase the resources use efficiency under irrigated semiarid environment.

scholarly journals Yield of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana plants under water deficit and high plant density

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Barreto Magalhães ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Marcelo Rocha dos Santos ◽  
Cleiton Fernando Barbosa Brito ◽  
Varley Andrade Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Abstract Yield-improving and water-saving techniques assume great importance in the cultivation of banana plants under semiarid regions, prone to greater climate variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) response of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana plants to combinations of plant densities and irrigation levels: three irrigation levels, 50, 75 and 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and four plant densities, 1,666 (3.0 x 2.0 m), 2,083 (3.0 x 1.6 m), 2,666 (3.0 x 1.25 m) and 3,333 (3.0 x 1.0) plants ha-1, evaluated in two production cycles. The treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates. Increasing plant density up to 3,333 plants ha-1 induced reductions in number of leaves at harvest and some yield components; also, longer cycles, and increased yields were observed while maintaining fruit marketable size, regardless of the irrigation level used. Using an irrigation level at 50%ETc and a plant density of 3,333 plants ha-1 led to an increase in WUE of 313.92% in the first cycle and 295.27% in the second cycle compared with 1,666 plants ha-1 irrigated at 100% ETc. Higher yields and WUE can be achieved by using a plant population density of 3,333 plants ha-1 and irrigation levels below 100%ETc.

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