POPULATION DENSITY ON COWPEA CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT GROWTH HABITS IN THE MATOPIBA REGION

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the productive performance of cowpea cultivars with different growth habits as a function of population density in the MATOPIBA region, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in Magalhães de Almeida, MA in the agricultural season 2014/2015. The cultivars BRS Itaim, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Pajeú, which present an erect, semi-erect, and semi-prostrate growth habits, respectively, were assessed. For the erect and semi-erect cultivars, a total of 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 plants m−2 were used whereas for the semi-prostrate cultivar, a total of 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 plants m−2 were used. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and treatments composed of plant densities. Grain yield and number of pods per area presented a quadratic response to the increased plant density whereas a decreasing linear response was observed for the number of pods per plant. The maximum grain yield of erect, semi-erect, and semi-prostrate cultivars were 1,076 kg ha−1 (19.5 plants m−2), 1,252 kg ha−1 (18.7 plants m−2), and 755 kg ha−1 (14.5 plants m−2), respectively. The number of pods per area was the character that most correlated (P<0.01) with grain yield, regardless of the plant growth habit.

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Spacing, population density and nitrogen fertilization in corn grown in an Oxisoil

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2014000300018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 424-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria do Carmo Lana ◽

Leandro Rampim ◽

Tatiane Ohland ◽

Fernando Fávero

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Tillage System ◽

Leaf N Content ◽

Nitrogen Rates

The objective of this study was to evaluate yield components, leaf nitrogen content and grain yield in corn as affected by row spacing, plant density and nitrogen topdressing. The experiment was conducted with the single-cross hybrid AG 8021, in the municipality of Toledo-PR, in an Oxisoil under no-tillage system, in the crop year 2005/ 2006. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design and treatments in split-split-plots, with four replications. The two row spacings (0.45 and 0.90 m) were allocated in the main plots, the two plant densities (60,000 and 80,000 plants ha-1) were allocated in the subplots and the three nitrogen rates (80, 100, 120 and 140 kg ha-1 N) were allocated in the sub-subplots. Topdress nitrogen was applied using urea as N source. The rise of the plant population from 60,000 to 80,000 plants ha-1 and the application of topdress nitrogen resulted in increased production components. The application of topdress fertilization provided increase in leaf N content and grain yield for the spacings 0.45 m and 0.90 m. Yield was higher in the spacing 0.45 m than 0.90 m. Yield was higher with 60,000 plants than with 80,000 plants at 0.90 m, while at 0.45 m there was no difference in relation to the plant density.

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Grain yield and population densities of new corn hybrids released by the INIFAP and UNAM for the High Valleys of Mexico†

REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA ◽

10.28940/terra.v38i3.557 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 507-515

Author(s):

Margarita Tadeo-Robledo ◽

Alejandro Espinosa-Calderón ◽

Enrique Canales-Islas ◽

Consuelo López-López ◽

Benjamín Zamudio-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Research Work ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Ear Height ◽

Area Unit ◽

H 51

In Mexico, corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals from the alimentary, industrial, social, political, and cultural points of view. It is grown in different agroecological niches, water regimes, and management systems. The objective of the present research work was to study the optimum plant density per area unit and its effect on grain yield and agronomical characteristics of different corn hybrids. Six corn hybrids (H-51 AE, H 53 AE, H 47 AE, H 49 AE, Tsíri PUMA, and H-48) and three plant densities (50 000, 65 000, and 80 000 plants ha-1) were evaluated. Sowing was done during the spring-summer season, 2015, in field owned by the FESC-UNAM and CEVAMEX-INIFAP. A completely randomized block design was used with four replicates. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were detected for genotypes (G) in the variables of grain yield, plant height, ear height, days to male and female flowering, volumetric weight, grain weight, ear length, and grains per ear. Moreover, the effect of the environment (E) was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the same variables, with the exception of ear length. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) were registered for the densities factor (D). Only the G×E interaction had significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the grain yield trait. The better environment was CEVAMEX, with a mean yield of 5497 kg ha-1. The Tsíri PUMA hybrid had the best grain yield with 5856 kg ha-1. Although there were no differences for the studied interactions, the 65 000 plants ha-1 population density was the most appropriate. The densities factor did not affect the performance of the evaluated hybrids. Therefore, we recommend using 65 000 plants ha-1 to avoid investing in large amounts of seeds.

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Productivity of castor bean plants intercropped at different plant densities with Urochloa ruziziensis

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n2p109-113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 109-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos F. dos S. Cordeiro ◽

Fábio R. Echer ◽

Lucas H. T. Pires ◽

José E. Creste

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Raw Material ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Plant Densities

ABSTRACT Castor bean is an important raw material to produce biofuel in Brazil and can be grown in several regions of the country due to its good adaptation and tolerance to high temperatures and water deficit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of castor bean plants intercropped at different plant densities with Urochloa ruziziensis. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications, using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of four plant densities (13,574, 24,512, 36,816, and 40,723 plants ha-1) of castor bean and two crop systems (single crop, and intercrop with Urochloa ruziziensis). The data were subjected to analyses of variance and regression, and means were compared by the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The intercrop system reduced the number of pods per plant by 15%, but it did not significantly affect the castor bean grain yield. Increasing plant density reduced linearly the proportion of plants harvested, reaching 22.1%, from the lowest to the highest plant density used; the highest grain yield was achieved using 36,816 plants ha-1 for both intercrop and single crop systems. Intercropping castor bean with U. ruziziensis does not reduce the castor bean grain yield and is an alternative to produce biomass for following crops, especially in production environments with low fertility soils, high temperatures, and infrequent rainfall.

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Effect of water regimes and plant densities on cowpea production1

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632017v4747908 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 432-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marinete Martins de Sousa Monteiro ◽

Edson Alves Bastos ◽

Milton José Cardoso ◽

Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior ◽

Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Depth ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

No Tillage ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Tillage System

ABSTRACT Cowpea has been cultivated in a rudimentary form in the main producing regions of Brazil, resulting in lower grain yields, when compared to the crop potential. The use of technologies such as water regimes, adequate plant density and soil management are alternatives to increase this crop yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different water regimes and plant densities on the yield components of cowpea cultivated under conventional and no-tillage systems. A randomized block design in a split-plot factorial, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of five water regimes in the plots (157.00 mm, 189.00 mm, 234.00 mm, 274.00 mm and 320.00 mm) and five plant densities as subplots (12 plants m-2, 16 plants m-2, 20 plants m-2, 24 plants m-2 and 28 plants m-2). The evaluated variables were: number of pods per plant, number of pods per area, pod length and grain yield. The combination between 270 mm of irrigation water depth with a density of 280,000 plants ha-1 resulted in higher grain yield using the no-tillage system, while the combination between the density of 280,000 plants ha-1 and 320 mm of water depth favored the highest grain yields in the conventional growing system.

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Integrated Effect of Plant Density, N Rates and Irrigation Regimes on the Biomass Production, N Content, PAR Use Efficiencies and Water Productivity of Rice Under Irrigated Semiarid Environment

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4017761 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shakeel AHMAD ◽

Mirza HASANUZZAMAN

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Research Area ◽

Semiarid Environment ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Plant Densities

Two field experiments were conducted for two years (2000 and 2001) at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan. There were 15 treatment combinations for experiment-I having three plant densities, viz., one seedling hill-1 (PD1), two seedlings hill-1 (PD2) and three seedlings hill-1 (PD3) and five nitrogen rates, viz., 0, (N0); 50, (N50); 100, (N100); 150, (N150); and 200 (N200) kg N ha-1. Experiment-II also included 15 treatments having three plant densities, viz., one seedling hill-1 (PD1), two seedlings hill-1 (PD2) and three seedlings hill-1 (PD3) and five irrigation regimes, viz., 62.5 cm (I1), 77.5 cm (I2), 92.5 cm (I3), 107.5 cm (I4), and 122.5 cm (I5). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed with three repetitions. The results for experiment-I revealed that the highest biomass (1438 g m-2), grain yield (497 g m-2), crop growth rate (15.36 g m-2 d-1), net assimilation rate (4.24 g m-2 d-1) were observed in the treatment having combination of two seedlings hill-1 and 200 kg N ha-1 (PD2N200). The agronomic and economic nitrogen and PAR use efficiencies were also higher in this treatment. In case of experiment-II, the highest biomass and grain yield were obtained in case of treatment having combination of two seedlings hill-1 and 107.5 cm irrigation regime (PD2I107.5). The irrigation application based water productivity ranged from 0.36 kg mm-3 to 0.61 kg mm-1, irrigation plus precipitation based water productivity ranged from 0.32 kg mm-3 to 0.55 kg mm-3 and evapotranspiration based water productivity ranged from 0.65 kg mm-3 to 0.84 kg mm-3 among 15 treatments combination of plant density and irrigation regimes. This study concludes that for increasing the benefits for the resource-poor growers, the integration of crop management practices is an optimum strategy to substantially increase the resources use efficiency under irrigated semiarid environment.

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AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF COWPEA CULTIVARS DEPENDING ON SOWING SEASONS IN THE CERRADO BIOME

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n211rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 361-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

FERNANDO DA SILVA ALMEIDA ◽

FÁBIO LUIZ CHECCHIO MINGOTTE ◽

LEANDRO BORGES LEMOS ◽

MÁRCIO JOSÉ DE SANTANA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Population ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Cerrado Biome ◽

Cowpea Cultivars ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Pod Length

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to assess the agronomic performance of cowpea cultivars depending on sowing seasons in the Cerrado biome. Thus, an experiment was conducted in Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in a complete randomized block design, in a 6x3 factorial arrangement, using six cowpea cultivars (BRS-Itaim, BRS-Guariba, BRS-Potengi, BRS-Cauamé, BRS-Novaera and BRS-Tumucumaque) and three sowing seasons (Dec 14, 2012; Jan 14, 2013; and Feb 14, 2013), with four replications. The interaction between the cultivars and sowing seasons was assessed regarding the number of days for full flowering, number of days for pod maturation, number of trifoliate leaves, height of the first pod -bearing node, pod length, number of pods per plant, final plant population, 100-grain weight and grain yield. The cowpea cultivars sown in December produced the lowest numbers of pods per plant and grains per pod, resulting in the lowest grain yields. The cultivar BRS-Tumucumaque had the highest grain yield in the January sowing. The highest grain yields were found in the February sowing, especially when the cultivars BRS-Itaim (3,439 kg ha-1), BRS-Novaera (3,435 kg ha-1), BRS-Guariba (3,168 kg ha-1) and BRS-Potengi (3,107 kg ha-1) was used.

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Sorgo en doble hilera versus surco sencillo en el noreste de México.

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v5i0.25073 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Raúl Rodríguez ◽

Heriberto Torres ◽

Héctor Williams ◽

Noé Montes

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Plant Mortality ◽

Grain Number ◽

Double Row ◽

Single Row ◽

Randomized Block Design

An experiment was conducted to compare the traditional sorghum sowing method (single row) with double row method in the spring of 1992 under irrigation conditions in Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. A Complete Randomized Block design with a 2 x 5 factorial distribution was used with six replications; where the factors were: sowing method (doble and single row) and population density (187, 256, 342, 375 and 435 thousand plants/hectare). The hybrid Pioneer 8244 was used and planted at 0.80 m between rows. The parameters evaluated were plant height, panicle excertion, panic1e lenght and weight, grain number and moisture, weight of a thousand grains, grain yield and plant mortality. Mean separations were run using the Duncan's test. The grain yield and number per panicle were higher in double row method than in single row by 7.5 and 18.9 %, respectively; while grain weight and plant height showed higher values in single row than doble row. On the other hand, the weight and panic1e length decreased when population density increased in both methods, while panic1e excertion and plant mortality increased.

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Yield of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana plants under water deficit and high plant density

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452020046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Diogo Barreto Magalhães ◽

Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽

Marcelo Rocha dos Santos ◽

Cleiton Fernando Barbosa Brito ◽

Varley Andrade Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Irrigation Level ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

High Plant Density ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Production Cycles ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Irrigation Levels

Abstract Yield-improving and water-saving techniques assume great importance in the cultivation of banana plants under semiarid regions, prone to greater climate variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) response of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana plants to combinations of plant densities and irrigation levels: three irrigation levels, 50, 75 and 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and four plant densities, 1,666 (3.0 x 2.0 m), 2,083 (3.0 x 1.6 m), 2,666 (3.0 x 1.25 m) and 3,333 (3.0 x 1.0) plants ha-1, evaluated in two production cycles. The treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates. Increasing plant density up to 3,333 plants ha-1 induced reductions in number of leaves at harvest and some yield components; also, longer cycles, and increased yields were observed while maintaining fruit marketable size, regardless of the irrigation level used. Using an irrigation level at 50%ETc and a plant density of 3,333 plants ha-1 led to an increase in WUE of 313.92% in the first cycle and 295.27% in the second cycle compared with 1,666 plants ha-1 irrigated at 100% ETc. Higher yields and WUE can be achieved by using a plant population density of 3,333 plants ha-1 and irrigation levels below 100%ETc.

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Influence of plant densities and fertility levels on growth and yield of chickpea (CicerarietinumL.) genotypes

ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH ◽

10.47815/apsr.2021.10040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112-115

Author(s):

GURINDER SINGH

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Planting Density ◽

Fertility Level ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Plant Densities

A field experiment was conducted at Research and Advanced Studies, Dhablan, Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Patiala during rabiseason 2019-20 to find out the influence of plant densities and fertility levels on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of two genotypes (PBG 7 and GPF 2), two planting densities and two fertility levels. The results revealed that the genotype PBG 7 recorded significantly highestgrain yield (18.01 q ha-1) as compared to genotype GPF2 (16.62 q ha-1). The growth parameters were also higher with genotype PBG 7 followed by GPF 2. The density of 30 × 10 cm recorded. The highest grain and straw yield (17.47 and 22.51 q ha-1)as compared to 45× 10 cm spacing (16.74 and 18.53 q ha-1). However, yield attributes like pods plant-1,grain yield plant-1 and harvest index were higher with wider planting density (45 × 10 cm). Higher fertility level (N30P60K30S20 kg ha-1) produced highest grain yield (17.88 q ha-1) as compared to low fertility levels(16.75 q ha-1). The growth and yield parameters followed the similar trend. The chickpea genotype PBG 7 showed better response to closer planting density and higher fertility level.

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Plant density in production of mini lettuce cultivars in organic system management

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362014000300017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 342-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Keiko Takahashi ◽

Antonio II Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Organic System ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Plant Densities

Production of mini vegetables in organic system is a good alternative to improve profit, but there are no researches about the optimum plant density for these cultivars in Brazilian conditions. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the production of mini lettuce cultivars in different plant densities. Experiment 1 was conducted from January 1th (sowing) to February 10th(harvesting), 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with six treatments in factorial scheme, 3 mini lettuce cultivars (Tudela, Renoir and Sartre) x 2 spacing between plants (16 and 20 cm), with eight replications and plots (2.04 m2) with six rows, spaced 15 cm. Experiment 2 was conducted from June 6th (sowing) to July 18th (harvesting), 2012. The cultivars Sartre and Renoir were evaluated under four plant densities (444,444; 333,333; 266,667 and 200,000 plants ha-1, corresponding to spacing of 15x15, 15x20, 25x15 and 25x20 cm, respectively). Eight treatments were defined by a factorial scheme 2 (cultivars) x 4 (plant densities) and arranged in a completely randomized block design, with nine replications and plots with 2.04 m2. The evaluated characteristics in both experiments were total and marketable fresh weight per plant, plant dry weight, plant diameter and height, marketable yield and discard percentage. In first experiment, during the summer, cultivar Sartre showed the highest marketable fresh weight (72 g plant-1). Heaviest plants (91.6 g plant-1) were obtained with the higher plant spacing, but the highest yield (2.51 kg m-2) was obtained with the smaller spacing. In winter, plants with higher total (190 g plant-1) and marketable (146 g planta-1) fresh weight were obtained with cultivar Sartre, and the same was observed in low plant density. However, the higher plant density, the higher the yield.

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