scholarly journals Monetary Correction: a Timeline about the Tool Use, from 1944 to 1995

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe) ◽  
pp. 334-345
Author(s):  
Ariovaldo dos Santos ◽  
Suzana Lopes Salgado Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Contextualization

This article works with the history of how the tool inflation adjustment of annual reports was arranged over half a century until its extinction. To do this, we related the social contexts, the legislation, and the academic perception corresponding to its best implementation in the financial system of Brazil. This study introduces a chronology of using this tool since the 1940s, when a sporadic revaluation of assets began, until the 1990s, when the signs of fatigue and the very extinction of inflation adjustment became apparent in Brazil. The importance of this historical contextualization relies on the possibility of understanding the history of inflation adjustment related to recent events in the country's history, marked over these 50 years by troubled times in national politics, permeated with strong instabilities. The Brazilian economy has faced, in its recent history, long periods of high inflation rates. Several measures and plans were needed to reduce inflation rates and seek economic stability. Even so, it was observed that, in the first moments when the country experienced a less severe inflation process, compared to some later ones, there was support from a regulatory legislation and concern to measure and mitigate the impacts of devaluation of the currency's purchasing power on the assets of companies. Thus, we also point out the limits imposed by the prohibition to use this tool to deal with the lack of accuracy of annual reports prepared by companies since 1996.

scholarly journals Social and Cultural Context Affecting the Activities of Women Painters of Pahlavi Era (1925-1978)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Azadeh Alipoor Heris ◽  
Abolghasem Dadvar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Cultural Foundations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Different factors were affecting the presence of women during the Pahlavi era. In new structures after the constitutional period and along with the absolute modernism of Pahlavi, discourses changes were made based on democracy, socialism, Shia resistance and autonomy, court to government and political figures to people. During this period the role of women was formed on the basis of their social position and in their gender approach it changed from a <class in itself> to a <class for self>. The consequences of social contexts led to witness more active presence of women during Pahlavi era compared with the past periods particularly in the visual arts arena; so that the history of the Tehran galleries from 1953-1978 which reflects their activities during that time confirms this fact. The purpose of the present essay is to analyze the social contexts which have attracted women from margin to the center and attending to them since no study has been done in this respect seems essential and it’s an attempt to answer the question that what social contexts have been influential in boosting up the presence of women especially women painters of Pahlavi era? In this research the data collect is library type and filed study and it has been compiled in a comparative descriptive-analytic method, the origin and social contexts of the women painters of the Pahlavi era whose works were displayed were studied and analyzed and it can be inferred that the presence of supportive men in families, education, social context, urban life, publicizing the culture thanks to the cultural foundations and media, the actual and legal presence of the queen, government support due to cultural policies, women social movements, and the transformation of the women role in twentieth century had decisive role on enhancing the social position of women particularly the role of the women painters of the second Pahlavi era.

scholarly journals Mapping the History of a Territory: Bon Pastor (Barcelona) – Social Remembrance and Heritage Project

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Salvador Angosto
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
City Council ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The City

The topic of the article are the complex stages of the formation of the Bon Pastor neighbourhood in Barcelona, and contemporary efforts to create the remembrance space system that would preserve the social memory and historical identity of the place. The author presents how the urban development plans for the district were transformed as a result of major changes in national politics, economy, and social policy, since the 1930s, through 60s and 70s, till today. The article describes the Bon Pastor Civic Memory project as an interesting example of a participatory action aimed at the preservation of local heritage. The implementation of the Civic Memory project was possible due to the neighbours’ initiative and their cooperation with cultural and academic institutions. The aim of this project is to mark certain points of the territory which possess historically and socially significant value, and to enhance them through public art, urban design and other implementations envisaged. The Association of residents of Bon Pastor (Barcelona) has been characterized, since 1974, for its combative and vindictive nature, at the same time as for its great capacity to launch solidarity initiatives and manage complicated processes to improve the living conditions of residents of the neighbourhood. After the struggles to obtain a health centre, the improvement of communications by metro and bus, and the constant improvement of public space, in recent years, the Association is co-managing with the Barcelona City Council, the radical transformation of the neighbourhood. The different phases for the remodelling of the neighbourhood, by replacing the so-called “cheap houses” with new buildings, with more spacious apartments and with better material conditions, is coming to an end and now, the possibility opens up, driven by the neighbours and the Museum of the History of the City (MUHBA) to have a metropolitan museographic space devoted to the presentation and study of the evolution of workers’ and popular housing in Barcelona.

Language Contact

2020 ◽  
pp. 857-870
Author(s):  
Klaus Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Contact Linguistics ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Network Approach ◽  
Areal Linguistics ◽  
French Tradition

The chapter starts with a short history of contact studies related to Africa. It briefly looks at early works from Heine (pidgins in the Bantu area) and the French tradition exemplified in the LACITO series on language contact. Considerable space is given to the developments of the last ten years or so when areal linguistics (Aikhenvald and Dixon), linguistic geography (Heine and Nurse), and contact linguistics (Childs, Mesthrie) were put center stage in the African linguistic context. The second part of the chapter looks at methodological issues. Substantial space is given to social contexts in the description of contact-induced language change. The social network approach and other sociolinguistic tools are demonstrated by means of a brief case study from a West African rural contact zone.

Manuscript and Print, 1500–1700

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Burlinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Books ◽  
Early English

This chapter discusses the uses to which manuscripts and printed books were put in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and the changing histories and critical traditions that have accounted for them, beginning with the place of Caxton, Pynson, and de Worde in the early English printing trade and the developing copyright law and discourse of authorship at the start of the eighteenth century. It then discusses the ways in which textual editors have accounted for the interaction between manuscript and print and the new authors and texts that have gained critical attention (with renewed scholarly attention to female authors and the social contexts of writing). It ends with a consideration of the ways in which print and manuscript coexisted and of the ways in which attention to annotations and the history of reading might be leading toward the history of books, rather than the history of the book.

‘From the Best Authorities’: The Mountains of Kong in the Cartography of West Africa

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Bassett ◽  
Philip W. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
French Empire ◽  
History Of Cartography ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
Spatial Image ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mountain Chain

This study goes beyond the ‘first and last appearance’ approach of cartographic historians to examine the social contexts in which the Kong Mountains were first depicted in and then eliminated from nineteenth-century maps of Africa. This history shows that the conventional periodization of the history of cartography into ‘decorative’ and ‘scientific’ phases is greatly exaggerated. We trace the mountains' origins to the geographer James Rennell and show how their purported existence served to support his arguments on the course of the Niger River at the turn of the nineteenth century. The enduring depiction of the Kong Mountains throughout the century illustrates the authoritative power of maps. This authority is based on the public's belief that cartographers are guided by an ethic of accuracy and are applying scientific procedures in mapmaking. Despite doubts about the existence of this mountain chain, the ‘extraordinary authority’ of maps helped to perpetuate an erroneous spatial image of West Africa until Binger's famous expedition in the late 1880s. With the publication of his travels and maps, Binger became the new authority on West African geography. His work altered the subsequent cartography of the region and substantially contributed to French empire-building.

scholarly journals Le vestigia dei gesuati

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Text

The book analyses the history of the Jesuat congregation, highlighting the elements of connection and comparison with the social contexts, then describing the origin and the most ancient events of the female branch of the congregation, and the memory of the meeting between the "founder" of the Jesuats and the "foundress" of the Gesuate. The iconographic memory of the initiator of the congregation, Giovani Colombini, the collection of the lauds of the Jesuat Bianco da Siena, and the fortune of the 15th-century Life of Giovanni Colombini, written by Feo Belcari, are also investigated. Then the research reconstructs the constellation of groups, religious experiments and bearers of ideas and devotions that were linked to the Jesuats and, in particular, to the convents of Milan, Siena, Lucca, Venice and Rome and the sanctuaries managed by the congregation. The congregational sociability is analysed along its lines: the practice of work as pharmacists and the cultivation of spiritual friendships with prominent people such as the Countess of Guastalla, Lodovica Torelli. Finally, the erudite use of Colombini's Epistolario as a language text is studied. The volume closes with a documentary appendix on the Jesuat convent of Chiusi.

State financial management system and reforms in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (02) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Ivan Morozov ◽  
Luiza Yangulbaeva ◽  
Akhmed Gachaev ◽  
Tatyana Rodermel
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Financial Management System ◽  
The Russian Empire

Much attention was paid to the implementation of financial reforms in the Russian Empire. The most significant works include works on the history of finance. It is particularly important to emphasize the importance of research on the formation of the Ministry of Finance, which was an integral part of the financial and legal reform in the empire of the first half of the XIX century. Archaic, contradictory legal norms, lagging behind public relations, the constant growth of public debt, the absence of a single state budget, high inflation rates and a chronic budget deficit are features that characterize the financial system of the Russian Empire at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries.

A brief transnational history of the Settlement House Movement

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Stefan Köngeter
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Transnational History ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Settlement House ◽  
Social Question ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Welfare ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides a brief transnational history of the Settlement House Movement. It develops the argument that the settlements houses contributed to the transnational advancement of the nation in form of the national welfare state by interpreting and tackling the social question as a crisis of a (national) community. Against the background of two major social developments (secularisation and scientisation), it shows how settlement knowledge was translated to different social contexts and proved to be flexibel enough to transcend various social boundaries (class, knowledge etc.) and transform society

scholarly journals Women in Britain’s First Muslim Mosques: Hidden from History, but Not Without Influence

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Sariya Cheruvallil-Contractor
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Muslims ◽  
Practical Theological ◽  
Muslim Communities

Two of the earliest Muslim communities in Britain evolved around the first mosques in Liverpool and Woking (both—1889). The history of these early British Muslims is being recovered but little is known about the women (usually converts) in these communities. This article will draw upon original findings from archival research, to examine ‘leadership’ that women in these communities undertook and their influence in shaping their nascent British Muslim communities. The practical, theological and philosophical negotiations around gender roles, female leadership, and veiling and the social contexts within which they took place are examined. By uncovering historical responses to issues that remain topical in British Muslim communities, this article provides historical grounding for contemporary debates about female Muslim leadership in British Muslim communities.

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