scholarly journals MORPHOGENETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALEXANDERGRASS PASTURES UNDER CONTINUOUS STOCKING

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Migliorini ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Daniel Schmitt ◽  
Laíse da Silveira Pontes ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate some morphogenetic and structural characteristics to explain variations in forage accumulation of Alexandergrass (Urochloa (Syn. Brachiaria) plantaginea) under continuous stocking method. The experimental treatments consisted of four grazing heights (10, 20, 30, and 40 cm), allocated to experimental units following a randomized block design with three replicates. The following variables were analyzed: leaf appearance, elongation, and senescence rates, leaf lamina length, number of leaves per tiller, leaf area index (LAI), and forage accumulation rate. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Student's t-test (P≤0.05). The main results were: i) different grazing heights had different tissue flows; ii) grazing heights between 30-40 cm showed the highest LAI, and produced similar values; iii) forage accumulation rate increased according to grazing height increments, but did not change above 30 cm. In conclusion, Alexandergrass pastures under continuous stocking should not be maintained at grazing heights lower than 30 cm if the objective is to maximize forage production.

scholarly journals Herbage accumulation dynamics in digit grass subjected to defoliation frequencies

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Natan Teles Cruz ◽  
Braulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽  
Jailson Lara Fagundes ◽  
Alfredo Acosta Backes ◽  
José Dantas Gusmão Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Defoliation Frequency

This study was undertaken to examine the herbage accumulation dynamics and structural characteristics of digit grass subjected to different defoliation frequencies in the period of January 2015 to February 2016. Four defoliation frequencies [very high (25 cm), high (35 cm), medium (45 cm), and low (55 cm)] were evaluated in two periods of the year [greater insolation (September to March) and lesser insolation (April to August)]. The experiment was set up as a randomized-block design with four replicates. Overall, the decreasing defoliation frequencies increased the cutting interval; leaf area index; total-herbage, stem, and dead-herbage accumulation rates; and percentages of stems and dead herbage. This reduction in defoliation frequency also resulted in a lower leaf accumulation rate and percentage of leaves. In overall terms, digit grass showed higher total-herbage, leaf, and stem accumulation rates; percentages of stems and dead herbage; stem volume density; and tiller density in the period of greater insolation. In the period of lesser insolation, however, digit grass exhibited a lower dead-herbage accumulation rate and a lower percentage of dead herbage. Less frequent defoliations increase the herbage accumulation rates of digit grass, but result in a less desirable morphological composition.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis and structure of mombassa grass over different growth periods

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3271
Author(s):  
Márcio Odilon Dias Rodrigues ◽  
Antonio Clementino dos Santos ◽  
Marcos Odilon Dias Rodrigues ◽  
Rubens Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Otacilio Silveira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Leaf Appearance

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer doses on morphogenic and structural characteristics of mombassa grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) at three different periods of the lifespan of tillers. The experiment was conducted in Araguaína-TO, Brazil, from December 2014 to February 2015. It was installed in split plots in a randomized block design with four replications. The doses of N-fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 kg N.ha-1) were the plots and the periods evaluated (1PER – first period from day 16 to 30; 2PER from day 31 to 45 and 3PER from day 46 to 60 after germination) were the subplots. The evaluated variables consisted of leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), leaf senescence rate (LSR), phyllochron, tiller number, leaf emergence, and total leaf number. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to morphogenic and structural characteristics along with a regression analysis for all the variables. Overall, increasing N-fertilizer doses positively influenced the leaf appearance and leaf elongation rates, tiller density, and the number of live leaves per tiller. The 90-kg N.ha-1 dose enabled the best morphogenic and structural responses of the forage when compared to the other rates. Each period featured differently, with higher values of LSR, SER, and LER in 3PER when compared to those in 2PER and in 1PER. Therefore, the nutritional supply over the first weeks of tiller lives was defining to an increase in forage production in the remaining periods. In light of this, we observed that as LAR raise in the first days after germination, nutritional supplies are required from day 15 on, mainly nitrogen, so plants could continue their development since initial plant growth determines pasture productive vigor and longevity.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG PROLIFIK PADA BERBAGAI JARAK TANAM DALAM BARIS DENGAN SISTEM TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Intan Dwi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This research aimed to determine the effect of spacing on the growth and yield of corn. It was conducted from July to November 2019 at the Experimental Plantation of Cereal Crops Research Institute (BalitSereal), Maros, South Sulawesi. The experimental method used was a randomized block design consisting of 4 treatments: J1= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 20 cm, one seed per hole; J2= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 30 cm, alternating between one seed per hole and two seeds per hole; J3= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 40 cm, two seeds per hole; J4= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 15 cm, one seed per hole. The observed variables were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area index, Anthesis Silking Interval (ASI), length of cob 1 and cob 2, diameter of cob 1 and cob 2, weight of shelled seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds on cob 1 and cob 2, and production of shelled seeds/hectare. The experimental results showed that plant spacing affected the growth and production of maize. The J3 spacing (100 cm x 50 cm) x 40 cm with two seeds per hole significantly affected the leaf area index and gave the highest average stem diameter. The J2 spacing with (100 cm x 50 cm) x 30 cm with alternating between one seed per hole and two seeds per hole produced the highest production in terms of weight of shelled seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds and yield of shelled seeds/hectare.

scholarly journals RESPON KOMBINASI PUPUK KCl DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) SABUT KELAPA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccaharata Sturt) DI TANAH GAMBUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Zahlul Ikhsan ◽  
Intan Sari ◽  
Suryadi Suryadi ◽  
Dede Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Coconut Coir

This This study aims to determine the best dose of KCl Fertilizer and Liquid Organic Fertilizer of coconut coir on the growth of sweet corn (zea mays saccaharata Sturt) in peat soils. This study used a non factorial randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were 100 kg KCl fertilizer, POC Coconut Fiber 30 ml / liter, 100 kg KCl + POC coconut coir fertilizer, 75 kg KCl + POC coconut coir fertilizer, 50 kg KCl + POC coconut coir fertilizer, 25 kg KCl + POC fertilizer coconut fiber. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves / plants, leaf area index, stem diameter, emergence, male and female flowers, observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with HSD tukey test at 5% confidence level. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, all treatments did not show a real effect on all parameters. Provision of coconut milk POC 30 ml / water gives the best results on the growth of sweet corn. Keywords: KCl fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer, sweet corn

scholarly journals Cassava wastewater as organic fertilizer in ‘Marandu’ grass pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio G. S. Bezerra ◽  
Gualter G. C. da Silva ◽  
Gelson dos S. Difante ◽  
João V. Emerenciano Neto ◽  
Ermelinda M. M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Cassava Wastewater

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the use of wastewater from the cassava processing as organic fertilizer on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’. The treatments were wastewater doses (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 m3 ha-1), in a randomized block design with four replicates. The structural characteristics and morphological composition of the pastures were evaluated, from July 2013 to January 2014. The addition of wastewater promoted a positive linear increase in the three cuts for the canopy height, light interception and leaf area index. The maximum dry matter (DM) production was obtained with 120 m3 ha-1 of wastewater (2796 kg ha-1 of DM in the second cut). The mass of senescent material in the second and third cuts fitted to positive linear equation. The increase in wastewater doses promoted the reduction of undesirable plants. The recommended dose of residual water in pastures of ‘Marandu’ grass is 120 m3 ha-1, which promotes a higher mass of forage and lower of undesirable plants.

scholarly journals The production of Physalis spp. seedlings grown under different-colored shade nets

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Rafael Pio ◽  
Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares ◽  
Paulyene Vieira Nogueira ◽  
Pedro Maranha Peche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of seedlings of Physalis L. species under different-colored shade nets. Four shade nets individually stained white, blue, red and black, all with 50% shading, were used in this study, and an additional  treatment (control) was used in which seedlings were grown in full sun. The study examined four species of Physalis, namely, P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three blocks and 25 seeds per plot. The species were sown in styrofoam trays. Germination was monitored daily to calculate the Emergency Velocity Index (EVI) and stabilize the overall percentage of emergence. Height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area index and dry mass of seedlings were assessed at 50 days after sowing. The study found that these species react differently to changes in the light spectrum. Seedlings of P. peruviana should be grown under a white or red shade net; of P. pubescens under a white or black shade net; of P. minima under a white, red or black shade net; and of P. ixocarpa under a white shade net. For all species, 50% shade should be used. 

PENGARUH JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogaea L.)

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Josina Irene Brigetha Hutubessy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fresh Seed ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maximal Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Planting Distance

This research aims at investigating the influence of planting distance towards growth and yield of peanut and optimal planting distance that can raise the growth of peanut seeds. The method used was Randomized Block Design with treatment as follows: J1 = planting distance 10 cm x 15 cm, J 2 = planting distance 15 cm x 15 cm, J 3 = planting distance 10 cm x 20 cm 4, J = planting distance 15 cm x 20 cm, J 5 planting distance = 10 cm x 30 cm, J 6 = 15 cm x 30 cm. Observation Variables in this study are the height of the plant, a number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, Podsnumber/Tan, pods weight/Tan, Seedsnumber /Tan, Fresh Seed Weight/Ha, Dry Seed Weight/Tan, heavy Seed dry/Ha, Fresh maximal yield and residues weight/Tan, dry maximal yield and residue/Ha. The result of this experiment found that the use of distance planting can give a good influence on each variable observation, both on the observation of growth as well as on the yield of peanut.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis and vegetative structuring in four elephant grass genotypes (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-819
Author(s):  
I.R. Haddade ◽  
H.M. Vasquez ◽  
E. Detmann ◽  
J.F.C. Silva ◽  
R.B. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Treatment Scheme ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Density ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Structural characteristics (total in marked tillers of leaves (NFT), expanded leaves (NCE), green leaves (NFV) and dead leaves (NFS) and number of tillers per plant (NPP)) and morphogenic variables (tillering (TApPP) and rates of total leaf (TApFT), expanded leaf (TApFE) and live leaf (TApFV) appearance) were evaluated in four elephantgrass genotypes (Napier, Cameroon and Pioneiro cultivars and clone CNPGL 91 F27 05). Greenhouse evaluations were carried out every three days, from the 3rd to the 60th day after standardization cutting, according to a completely randomized block design under a factorial treatment scheme (four genotypes and 21 measurement days). The NFT and NCE of the CNPGL 91 F27 05 and Pioneiro genotypes were larger than those of Cameroon and Napier genotypes. The average TApFT was 0.249 leaves/day. The NFS increased progressively and equaled the growth of NCE 44 days after the standardization cut. Number of leaves and number of tillers per plant were positively correlated. The highest values for NFV were about eight and nine. A great potential for leaf density was observed for the Pioneiro cultivar.

scholarly journals Morphogenic and structural characteristics and chemical composition of grass aruana, submitted to nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Mariana Hupp Sacramento ◽  
Olga Cedro de Menezes ◽  
Tarcísio Marques Barros ◽  
Diego Novais Pinheiro ◽  
Soraya Maria Palma Luz Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Appearance

This study aimed at evaluating the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana, as well as its chemical composition after submitting it to different nitrogen levels. The experiment was performed by adopting a randomized block design which included four treatments (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 of N) and three replications, in 100 m2 plots. Twice a week, for the 63 days of regrowth, the morphogenic characteristics were determined and estimated, after which the chemical composition was assessed. The aruana grass revealed a quadratic and positive response to the nitrogen fertilization, and showed a remarkable rise in the elongation rates, leaf appearance and senescence, besides the number of live leaves per tiller and final leaf length. However, the nitrogen fertilization reduced the phyllochron and leaf life in the aruana grass, implying the direct effect of nitrogen on the flow of tissues. A quadratic and positive effect of the nitrogen fertilization was observed for the dry mass production, from 5,840.80 kg ha-1 for plants lacking the nitrogen fertilization to 8,862.55 kg ha-1 for those fertilized with 225 kg ha-1 of N. Thus, while the nitrogen fertilization positively affected both tillering and morphogenesis, the N doses used in this study were insufficient to induce any change in the chemical composition of the aruana grass.

scholarly journals Relationship between the morphogenesis of Italian ryegrass cv. 'BRS Ponteio' with forage and seed production

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Pereira da Cunha ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ◽  
Andréa Mittelmann ◽  
Roberto Caetano de Oliveira ◽  
Alberto Bohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Expansion Rate ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Thermal Sum ◽  
Leaf Appearance

This study aims to verify, accurate and precisely, the responses of Italian ryegrass 'BRS Ponteio' cultivar to different frequencies of defoliation for forage production and especially for seed production. For this purpose, a randomized block design experiment with four replications was conducted. Four frequencies of defoliation were applied (zero, one, two, and three) based on the thermal sum, evaluating the rate of leaf appearance (LAR), phyllochron (P), leaf expansion rate (LER), leaf senescence rate (LSR), stems expansion rate (SER), tillering rate (TR), leaf life span (LL), forage production, proportion of leaf blades, stems plus sheaths, senescent material, and inflorescences, as well as seed production. Second defoliation noticeably altered the morphogenic plant responses, reduced expansion rates and leaf appearance, increased rates of tillering and stems expansion. This phenotypic maintained a high seed production and provided a harvest of forage mass 100% higher than the collected mass in the first cutting. Third defoliation led to an increase of 100% of the harvested forage mass; however, it caused drastic and negative changes in the morphogenic characteristics and seed yielding.

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