Oat development in response to temperature

ABSTRACT: Temperature affects plant development therefore phyllochron has been used as a predictor for developmental events to define the time for agricultural managing practices. This study aims to evaluate changes in phyllochron and thermal sum required for flowering by oat genotypes developed at different decades at three temperature regimes; the effect of high temperature on phytomere development; and identify the development stage at the moment of meristem transition to reproductive stage. Three environments were obtained by sowing in the fall, in the spring, and under constant temperature (17oC), always at inductive photoperiod. Despite changes in nominal values small differences were found among genotypes’ phyllochron. Adding specific optimal and maximum temperatures into the growing degree days’ calculation demonstrated phyllochron stability among environments. Plant cycle length and thermal sum correlated with the number of developed phytomeres. UFRGS 078030-2 plants flowered earlier, had a small number of phytomeres, and greater tolerance to elevated temperatures than the other genotypes. More recent genotypes transit to reproductive stage at an earlier Haun stage than older ones.

Irrigation blades and nitrogen doses in bean cultivation

Irrigation makes it possible to increase productivity in bean crops, but if mishandled, it can increase production costs and promote the leaching of nutrients, especially nitrogen, a nutrient that is fundamental for the development of the crop. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the yield of common beans subjected to different doses of nitrogen and water depths in the region of Uberaba – MG, Brazil. The experiment was conducted at IFTM – Campus Uberaba, in randomized blocks, consisting of four levels of irrigation (deficits of 15 %, 30 %, and 45 % and a factor without water deficit) and four doses of nitrogen (50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1, and 200 kg ha-1) applied in stage V4 of beans. The cultivar used was BRSMG Majestoso. There was no interaction between irrigation levels and nitrogen doses for the variables studied. Nitrogen doses influenced linearly only leaf nitrogen content. The water deficit of 9.72 % was favorable to achieve maximum grain yields and favors the number of pods per plant. The plant mass in R6, a mass of 100 grains, hydration, and thermal sum declined linearly with increased water deficit.

Production cycle and characterization of Italian zucchini genotypes by the logistic model

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the productive cycle response of Italian zucchini genotypes grown under field conditions in two growing seasons using the nonlinear logistic model and its critical points. Two randomized block experiments were conducted, with three genotypes (Caserta, PX13067051, and Tronco) and two growing seasons (spring-summer and summer-fall), with eight replicates and each experimental unit consisting of 7 plants. The logistic nonlinear model was adjusted for the fruit mass variable, as a function of the accumulated thermal sum, and the critical points were estimated by the partial derivatives of the adjusted function. Adjustment by bootstrap resampling was performed to address the violation of assumptions. The results of intrinsic and parametric nonlinearity confirm the quality of the model fit. This experiment demonstrated that the zucchini genotypes evaluated were more productive in the spring-summer growing season, using the parameters and critical points obtained from the logistic nonlinear model. Genotypes PX13067051 and Caserta showed superior productivity to the Tronco genotype, and also fruited earlier and at a higher rate of production. The logistic growth model and its critical points characterized the production cycle of the zucchini genotypes in different growing seasons and allowed inferences to be made to differentiate the genotypes and the growing seasons.

Experimental verification of the field theory of specific heat with the scaling in crystalline matter

The field (geometrical) theory of specific heat is based on the universal thermal sum, a new mathematical tool derived from the evolution equation in the Euclidean four-dimensional spacetime, with the closed time coordinate. This theory made it possible to explain the phenomena of scaling in the heat capacity of condensed matter. The scaling of specific heat of the carbon group elements with a diamond lattice is revisited. The predictions of the scaling characteristics for natural diamond and grey tin are verified with published experimental data. The fourth power in temperature in the quasi-low temperature behaviour of the specific heat of both materials is confirmed. The phenomenon of scaling in the specific heat, previously known only in glassy matter, is demonstrated for some zincblend lattice compounds and diamond lattice elements, with their characteristic temperatures. The nearly identical elastic properties of grey tin and indium antimonide is the cause for similarity of their thermal properties, which makes it possible to make conjectures about thermal properties of grey tin.

CONSUMO HÍDRICO E EXIGÊNCIA TÉRMICA DA PALMA FORRAGEIRA EM AMBIENTE SEMIÁRIDO

CONSUMO HÍDRICO E EXIGÊNCIA TÉRMICA DA PALMA FORRAGEIRA EM AMBIENTE SEMIÁRIDO ANTÔNIO SUASSUNA DE LIMA1; PATRÍCIA FERREIRA DA SILVA2 ; RIGOBERTO MOREIRA DE MATOS3; JOSÉ DANTAS NETO4; LUCIANO MARCELO FALLÉ SABOYA5 E HERMES ALVES DE ALMEIDA6 1Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, 58428-830, e-mail: [email protected] 2Pós- doutoranda em Engenharia e Gestão dos Recursos Naturais, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, 58428-830, e-mail: [email protected] 3Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, 58428-830, e-mail: [email protected]. 4Professor Doutor, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, 58428-830, e-mail: [email protected]. 5Professor Doutor, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, 58428-830, e-mail: [email protected]. 6Professor Doutor, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua Baraúnas, 351 - Universitário, Campina Grande - PB, 58429-500, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected]. 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o consumo hídrico e estabelecer a exigência térmica de três variedades de palma forrageira nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento em ambiente semiárido. O experimento foi desenvolvido em condições de campo no munícipio de Santa Luzia, PB, Fazenda Poço Redondo. Para a determinação da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), foram utilizados três lisímetros de drenagem localizados no centro da área experimental. Cada lisímetro continha quatro plantas com características semelhantes e sob o mesmo sistema de manejo das plantas externas. Um quarto lisímetro foi utilizado com grama para determinar a evapotranspiração de referência ET0. Cada lisímetro representa uma área efetiva de evaporação de 1,17 m2. Pela ordem de emissão dos cladódios juntamente com o somatório de graus dias determinou-se as quatro fenofases da palma forrageira. A evapotranspiração de referência foi de 7,2 mm dia-1. Os valores de evapotranspiração da cultura ETc e coeficiente de cultivo (Kc), foram respectivamente: 4,8; 4,8 e 4,6 mm dia-1 e 0,72; 0,70 e 0,70, para as variedades orelha de elefante, baiana e miúda. A temperatura basal foi de 18 °C e a soma térmica acumulada no período foi superior a 4000 °C. Keywords: coeficiente de cultivo, fases fenológicas, graus-dias, temperatura base. LIMA, A. S.; SILVA, P. F.; MATOS, R. M.; DANTAS NETO, J.; SABOYA; L. M. F.; ALMEIDA, H. A. WATER CONSUMPTION AND THERMAL REQUIREMENT OF THE FORAGE PALM IN A SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT 2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the water consumption and establish the thermal requirement of three varieties of forage palm in different stages of development in a semiarid environment. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Santa Luzia, PB, Poço Redondo Farm. To determine the culture evapotranspiration (ETc), three drainage lysimeters located in the center of the experimental area was used. Each lysimeter contained four plants with similar characteristics and under the same management system as the external plants. The fourth lysimeter was used with grass to determine the reference evapotranspiration ET0. Each lysimeter represents an effective evaporation area of 1.17 m2. By the order of emission of the cladodes with the sum of degree days, the four phenophases of the forage palm were determined. The reference evapotranspiration was 7.2 mm dia-1. The evapotranspiration values of ETc culture and cultivation coefficient (Kc), were respectively: 4.8; 4.8 and 4.6 mm dia-1 and 0.72; 0.70 and 0.70, for Orelha the Elefante, Baiana and Miúda varieties. The basal temperature was 18 °C and the thermal sum accumulated in the period was over 4000 °C. Keywords: cultivation coefficient, phenological phases, degree-days, base temperature.

Nonlinear models. An approach to model irrigated and non-irrigated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growth

Common beans reduce their development and productivity when facing soil water deficit. Comprehension about growth response under this condition can be a tool for cultivar selection and escape from scarcity periods. Therefore, the objective was to characterize bean growth in different water conditions using logistic and chanter models. Two experiments (crop season= EI and fallow season = EII) were carried out in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil in a bifactorial scheme (cultivars: Triunfo, Garapiá, FC104; water condition: irrigated, not irrigated) in a completely randomized design. Fortnightly evaluations of height, number of nodes, stem diameter, root length, aerial part, roots, and nodules dry matter were carried out. The data were adjusted according to the accumulated thermal sum by the logistic and chanter models. From the results, it is noted that there was a dissimilar performance between water conditions, cultivars, and experiments. The best adjustment occurred for stem diameter, node number, and aerial part dry matter. Between models, the logistic is the most suitable to describe common bean growth.

Experimental Verification of the Field Theory of Specific Heat With the Scaling in Crystalline Matter

The field (geometrical) theory of specific heat is based on the universal thermal sum, a new mathematical tool derived from the evolution equation in the Euclidean four-dimensional spacetime, with the closed time coordinate. This theory made it possible to explain the phenomena of scaling in the heat capacity of condensed matter. The scaling of specific heat of the carbon group elements with a diamond lattice is revisited. The predictions of the scaling characteristics for natural diamond and grey tin are verified with published experimental data. The fourth power in temperature in the quasi-low temperature behaviour of the specific heat of both materials is confirmed. The phenomenon of scaling in the specific heat, previously known only in glassy matter, is demonstrated for some zincblend lattice compounds and diamond lattice elements, with their characteristic temperatures. The nearly identical elastic properties of grey tin and indium antimonide is the cause for similarity of their thermal properties, which makes it possible to make conjectures about thermal properties of grey tin.

Meteorological factors responsible for the growth and development of sugarcane at two locations in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

ABSTRACT: This study determined the meteorological variable that most contribute to the productivity of sugarcane stalks in the northwest and central regions of Rio Grande do Sul. The following sugarcane genotypes were used: UFSM XIKA FW, UFSM LUCI FW, UFSM PRETA FW, UFSM DINA FW, UFSM MARI FW, and IAC87-3396. The UFSM cultivars originate from a mutation process in the breeding program conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen campus, and have low temperature tolerance. The productivity-associated morphological characters included in the models were average stem diameter, average stem number per meter of furrow, and average stem height. The following meteorological variables were used: minimum air temperature, precipitation, incident solar radiation, and accumulated thermal sum. Pearson’s correlation, canonical correlations, and Stepwise regression were performed between morphological characters and meteorological variables: minimum air temperature had the greatest influence on sugarcane productivity in the studied regions, and accumulated thermal sum showed the highest correlation and contributed most to stem diameter and average stem height. Thus, the models indicated that the growth of sugarcane is positively associated with the accumulated thermal sum, and sugarcane can be cultivated at the studied regions.