Heterologous Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Peanut Bowman-Birk Type Inhibitor

Objectives To heterologously express peanut ( Arachis ipaensis ) Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) and characterize its properties. Results A putative BBI gene from peanut was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris with the maximal yield of 11.1 mg/L in a 250-mL shaking flask fermentation. The recombinant peanut BBI (rPBBI) was purified and its molecular weight was estimated to be 9 kDa. Purified rPBBI showed 5223.6 TIA/mg inhibitory activity toward trypsin. It retained more than 95% of its inhibitory activity over wide range of temperatures (40 to 90 o C) and pH (2.0 to 10.0) after incubation for 60 min. When presence of 100 mM dithiothreitol, rPBBI lost more than 80% inhibitory activity in 30 min. Conclusion The current investigation expressed a peanut BBI with stable inhibitory activity against trypsin and exposed the potential of heterologous overexpression approach in large scale production of BBI.

A new approach to prepare Polyethylene Glycol Allyl Glycidyl Ether

The polyethylene glycol allyl glycidyl ether (PGAGE) is an important intermediate for preparing silicone softener that can be synthesized from allyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and epichlorohydrin (ECH). The performance parameters including the concentration of ECH, initial boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) as well as CaCl2 quality were investigated respectively. The optimum process parameters which can get high capping and low by-product rate are as follows: the ECH concentration is 2.0 M, the initial BFEE concentration is 1.65mM, and the CaCl2 dosage is 1.65g/L. Under these conditions, the maximal yield can be improved to 91.36%, the percent of capping rate is higher than 98.16%, the residual concentration of F-is only 0.63 mg/L.

An Optimized Ustilago maydis for Itaconic Acid Production at Maximal Theoretical Yield

Ustilago maydis, a member of the Ustilaginaceae family, is a promising host for the production of several metabolites including itaconic acid. This dicarboxylate has great potential as a bio-based building block in the polymer industry, and is of special interest for pharmaceutical applications. Several itaconate overproducing Ustilago strains have been generated by metabolic and morphology engineering. This yielded stabilized unicellular morphology through fuz7 deletion, reduction of by-product formation through deletion of genes responsible for itaconate oxidation and (glyco)lipid production, and the overexpression of the regulator of the itaconate cluster ria1 and the mitochondrial tricarboxylate transporter encoded by mttA from Aspergillusterreus. In this study, itaconate production was further optimized by consolidating these different optimizations into one strain. The combined modifications resulted in itaconic acid production at theoretical maximal yield, which was achieved under biotechnologically relevant fed-batch fermentations with continuous feed.

An Optimized Ustilago Chassis for Itaconic Acid Production at Theoretical Maximal Yield

Ustilago maydis, member of the Ustilaginaceae family, is a promising host for the production of several metabolites including itaconic acid. This dicarboxylate has great potential as a bio-based building block in the polymer industry, and is of special interest for pharmaceutical applications. Several itaconate overproducing Ustilago strains have been generated by metabolic and morphology engineering. This yielded stabilized unicellular morphology through fuz7 deletion, reduction of by-product formation through deletion of genes responsible for itaconate oxidation and (glyco)lipid production, and the overexpression of the regulator of the itaconate cluster ria1 and the mitochondrial tricarboxylate transporter encoded by mttA from Aspergillus terreus. In this study, itaconate production was further optimized by consolidating these different optimizations into one strain. The combined modifications resulted in itaconic acid production at theoretical maximal yield, which was achieved under biotechnologically relevant fed-batch fermentations with continuous feed.

PENGARUH JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogaea L.)

This research aims at investigating the influence of planting distance towards growth and yield of peanut and optimal planting distance that can raise the growth of peanut seeds. The method used was Randomized Block Design with treatment as follows: J1 = planting distance 10 cm x 15 cm, J 2 = planting distance 15 cm x 15 cm, J 3 = planting distance 10 cm x 20 cm 4, J = planting distance 15 cm x 20 cm, J 5 planting distance = 10 cm x 30 cm, J 6 = 15 cm x 30 cm. Observation Variables in this study are the height of the plant, a number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, Podsnumber/Tan, pods weight/Tan, Seedsnumber /Tan, Fresh Seed Weight/Ha, Dry Seed Weight/Tan, heavy Seed dry/Ha, Fresh maximal yield and residues weight/Tan, dry maximal yield and residue/Ha. The result of this experiment found that the use of distance planting can give a good influence on each variable observation, both on the observation of growth as well as on the yield of peanut.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DOSIS PUPUK N DAN P TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KACANG PANJANG (Vigna Sinensis L)

The purpose of this research is to know whether the influence of using fertilizer N and P dosage towards the growth and yield of long beans (vigna sinesis L). This research was carried out in Onelako Village, Ndona subdistrict of Ende regency. The method used was Randomized Block Design with two factors of treatments and three replications. The first factor is nitrogen fertilizer which consists of three dosages namely N0: (non-nitrogen fertilizer), N1 (30 kg/ha), N2 (60 kg/ha) and second factor is phosphor fertilizer which comprises three dosage: P0 (non-phosphor fertilizer)), P1 (50 kg/ha) and P2 (100 kg/ha). Observation variables are the diameter of the rod, leaf number, leaf area, pods length, pods diameter, pods number, fresh weight of pods/plants, fresh weight of pods/ha, fresh maximal yield and residues/ha and harvest index. The result showed that no interaction between two factors of treatment (N x P). Nitrogen fertilization treatment of 60 and phosphor with a dosage of 100 kg/ha (P2) produce the best yields towards all observed variables. The yields of fresh weight of pods per highest plant is 62,56 gr acquired from plants which get N2 and P2 fertilizer. However, the treatments between N1 and N2 do not have a real difference in all observation variables as well as treatment of P1 and P2.

Depolymerization of Pine Ethanol Lignin in the Medium of Supercritical Ethanol in the Presence of Catalysts NiCu/SiO₂ and NiCuMo/SiO₂

The regularities of thermocatalytic transformation of pine ethanol lignin in supercritical ethanol in the presence of catalysts NiCu/SiO₂ and NiCuMo/SiO2 in the temperature range 250–400 °C were established. The composition and structure of ethanol lignin, liquid and solid products of its conversion were studied by methods of elemental analysis and gel-permeating chromatography (GPC). The composition of gaseous products – by method of gas chromatography. At the process temperature of 250 °C the catalysts do not have a significant effect on conversion of ethanol lignin. The maximal yield of liquid products (83.5 wt. %) was obtained at temperature 300 °C in the presence of catalyst NiCuMo/SiO₂ containing 8.8 wt. % of molybdenum. At temperature 350 °C NiCu/SiO₂ and NiCuMo/SiO2 catalysts contribute to the almost complete conversion of ethanol lignin into liquid and gaseous products, and the yield of solid products does not exceed 1 wt. %. In liquid products of catalytic conversion there is a decrease in the atomic ratio of O/C and the increase of H/C atomic ratio as compared to initial ethanol lignin due to catalytic intensification of reactions of deoxygenation and hydrogenation of lignin and products of its depolymerization. According to GPC data on the curves of molecular mass distribution (MMD) of liquid products of thermocatalytic conversion of ethanol lignin at 300 °C there are peaks with highs at 160 and 380 Da, probably related to guiacyle monomers and dimmers, respectively. From the comparison of MMD of liquid products obtained by ethanol lignin depolymerization at 300 °C over catalysts NiCu/SiO₂ and NiCuMo/SiO₂ it follows, that the introduction of molybdenum in the catalyst promotes the formation of monomeric guaiacyl products

Supercritical CO2 extraction of steroidal sapogenins from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)seed

Supercritical CO2 extraction was applied on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Fabaceae) seeds with the aim to define optimal process conditions to obtain the maximal extract yields content of steroidal sapogenins. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine optimal process conditions defined by the influence and interaction of pressure, temperature and time of extraction through consumption of SC CO2. Optimization experiments revealed that the pressure of 24.73 MPa, the temperature of 38.?C and the consumption of SC CO2 of 19.24 g/gDM were the best process conditions enabling the maximal yield of extract and gain of the highest content of sapogenins. The optimal values of pressure and temperature defined SC CO2 density of 885.47 kg/m3, which provided the maximal yield of the extract with the highest content of steroidal sapogenins. The achieved yield of extract at these conditions was 0.073g/gDM, with 0.774 mg/gDM diosgenin, 0.477 mg/gDM protodioscin, 0.713 mg/gDM sarsapogenin and 0.205 mg/gDM oleanolic and ursolic acid with a significant quantity of 2.475 mg/gDM in the obtained extract.

Preparation of the MoVTeNbBiO catalysts for selective oxidative conversion of light alkanes

Physicochemical properties of modified MoVTeNbО catalysts are shown to depend strongly on the preparation procedure and the source of bismuth. Addition of a pH-neutral organic bismuth-containing compound at the stage of mixing initial component solutions is accompanied by precipitation and formation of inactive phase but not the necessary phase M1. Irrespectively of the nature of the initial bismuth compound, the introduction of it to the dry MoVTeNb precursor results in destruction of the latter and, as a consequence, in a lower content of phase M1 and the formation of binary V-Mo and Te-Mo oxides. In the reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE), the maximal yield of ethylene (76.5 %) is observed with the catalyst obtained by impregnation of calcined MoVTeNb oxide catalyst with a solution of an organobismuth compound. The same catalyst provides the yield of acrylic acid of ca. 48 %. Nevertheless, a more practicable method for preparation of bismuthcontaining catalysts is the addition of bismuth nitrate to the solution of the initial components; such an ODE catalyst provides the maximal yield of ethylene of ca. 76 %.

Видовий склад бур’янового компоненту агроценозу картоплі

Мета статті – дослідження видового та кількісного складу бур’янового компоненту агроценозу картоплі в умовах Черняхівського району Житомирської області. Методика дослідження. У процесі дослідження використано такі наукові методи: аналізу і синтезу (визначення фактичної забур’яненості насаджень картоплі, видового складу бур’янів); теоретичний пошук і абстрактно-логічний (теоретичні узагальнення та формулювання висновків); графічний (відображення результатів дослідження графічно). Результати дослідження. У статті наведено результати дослідження щодо вивчення видового складу бур’янового компонента агроценозу картоплі та його розвитку протягом вегетації культури. Дослідження проводили шляхом кількісного підрахунку чисельності бур’янів протягом вегетації картоплі та визначення їх видового складу. Встановлено, що бур’янова синузія насаджень картоплі представлена однорічними пізніми ярими видами (63,2 %). Протягом вегетації рослин картоплі спостерігається збільшення ступеня забур’янення агроценозу картоплі від 9,9 шт./м2 (у фазу сходів) до 49,9 шт./м2 (перед збиранням урожаю). Елементи наукової новизни. Встановлено видовий та кількісний склад бур’янового компоненту агроценозу картоплі та його розвиток протягом вегетації культури. Практична значущість. Знання видового складу бур’янів у насадженнях картоплі, терміни появи їх сходів, кількісний склад досліджуваного шкідливого організму дасть змогу використати найбільш ефективні заходи регулювання чисельності бур’янів з метою отримання максимального врожаю. The purpose of the article is studying species and quantity composition of the weed component of potato agrocenosis in the conditions of Cherniakhivskyi district of Zhytomyr region. Methods of research. In the process of the research, the following scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis (determining the actual weed infestation of potato plantings, species composition of weeds); theoretical search and abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions); graphic (reflecting the research results graphically). The research results. The research results as to the species composition of the weed component of potato agrocenosis and its development during the crop vegetation period have been presented in the article. The research has been carried out by quantitative calculating the number of weeds during potato vegetation and determining their species composition. It has been established that weed synusia of potato plantings are represented by annual late spring species (63.2 %). During potato plants vegetation, the increase in the degree of weed infestation of potato agrocenosis from 9.9 pcs./m2 (in the phase of sprouts) to 49.9 pcs./m2 (before harvesting) has been observed. The elements of scientific novelty. The species and quantity composition of the weed component of potato agrocenosis and its development during the crop vegetation has been established. Practical significance. The knowledge of the species weed composition of in potato planting, the terms of their germination, the quantitative composition of the studied harmful organism will make it possible to use the most effective measures to regulate the number of weeds in order to obtain maximal yield.