scholarly journals Amazonian dark earths in the fertile floodplains of the Amazon River, Brazil: an example of non-intentional formation of anthropic soils in the Central Amazon region

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Santana Macedo ◽  
Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira ◽  
Hedinaldo Narciso Lima ◽  
Adriana Costa Gil de Souza ◽  
Francisco Weliton Rocha Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Amazonian Dark Earths ◽  
Alluvial Floodplains ◽  
Total P ◽  
Anthropic Soils

ABSTRACT Amazonian dark earths (ADEs) are fertile soils created by pre-Columbian Amerindian societies of the Amazon Basin. However, it is still not clear whether these soils were produced intentionally to improve infertile Amazonian upland soils or if they resulted from the accumulation of organic matter from sedentary settlements. This study characterizes the ADEs found in the naturally fertile alluvial floodplains of the Amazon River in the Central Brazilian Amazon according to total, exchangeable, and available contents of elements and organic carbon in soil profiles. ADEs contained higher levels of available elements and total P, Ca, Zn, and Cu. High total Cr, Ni, Co, and V content in these soils indicate that mafic minerals contributed to their composition, while higher contents of P, Zn, Ba, and Sr indicate anthropic enrichment. The presence of ADEs in floodplain areas strongly indicates non-intentional anthropic fertilization of the alluvial soils, which naturally contain levels of P, Ca, Zn, and Cu higher than those needed to cultivate common plants. The presence of archaeological sites in the floodplains also shows that pre-Columbian populations lived in these regions as well as on bluffs above the Amazon River.

scholarly journals Aves, Apodiformes, Trochilidae, Topaza pella (Linnaeus, 1758): a range reinforcement in Amazonian Brazil

Check List ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. W. Davis ◽  
Scott T. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Amazonian Brazil ◽  
New Distribution

We present new distribution records for Topaza pella (Linnaeus, 1758) in the southern reaches of the Amazon Basin in Brazil. The two new localities presented for the species elucidate its range in southern Pará and northern Mato Grosso states, and in consideration of recent records elsewhere south of the Amazon River, suggest that the species is widely distributed across suitable habitat throughout the Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Soils Promote Biodiversity in Amazonian Rainforests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilian C. Demetrio ◽  
Ana C. Conrado ◽  
Agno Acioli ◽  
Alexandre Casadei Ferreira ◽  
Marie L.C. Bartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Soils ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Amazonian Dark Earths ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Anthropic Soils

AbstractAmazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile anthropic soils found throughout Amazonia, resulting from long-term occupation by pre-Columbian societies. Although the chemistry of these soils is well known, their biodiversity, particularly soil invertebrate communities have been neglected. To address this, we characterised soil macroinvertebrate communities and their activities in ADEs, comparing them with adjacent reference soils under forests and agriculture, at nine archaeological sites. We found 667 morphospecies and a tenacious pre-Columbian biodiversity footprint, with 40% of species found exclusively in ADEs. Soil biological activity was higher in ADEs than in adjacent soils, and associated with higher biomass and richness of organisms known to engineer the ecosystem. We show that these habitats have unique species pools, but that contemporary land-use causes nutrient loss and threatens their diversity. Both past and present human activities alter biodiversity and its distribution in Amazonia, and further efforts are needed to recognize and preserve these ADEs and their biodiversity.

scholarly journals Terra Preta Properties in Northwestern Amazonia (Colombia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7088
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Orozco-Ortiz ◽  
Clara Patricia Peña-Venegas ◽  
Sara Louise Bauke ◽  
Christian Borgemeister ◽  
Ramona Mörchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Terra Preta ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Colombian Amazon ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Total P ◽  
Microbial Residue

Whereas many researchers still approach Terra Preta (TP) as a soil category, new evidence suggests that TP refers to a directional grading of soil property changes (i.e., color, pH, nutrients, etc.) within human-made soils, originating from human activities in pre-Columbian times. Currently, most TP research focuses on the Brazilian part of the Amazon basin, but only little information is available on TP soils in the Colombian Amazon. Here, we sampled four TP and surrounding soils in the Colombian Amazon region at different soil depths and analyzed them for (i) general soil properties such as color, pH and texture, (ii) soil organic carbon and black carbon (BC) contents, the latter using benzene polycarboxylic acids as molecular marker, (iii) phosphorus availability based on sequential fractionation, and (iv) microbial residue contents using amino sugars. Our data from Colombia’s middle Caquetá River and Leticia confirmed that SOC, BC, and total P were present in significantly higher concentrations in the TP areas than the surrounding soils, while pH values and microbial residue contents were unchanged. The enrichment of P forms comprised both easily extractable and stable P pools, which both dominated to a different degree, both in TP and adjacent soils. The different degree of SOC, BC and P enrichment suggests different amounts of waste disposal by the ancient populations at different TP sites, now warranting further research for reconstructing ancient population sizes from TP chemical analyses.

The immature stages of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), with notes on distribution and bionomics

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4358 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
GLEISON ROBSON DESIDÉRIO ◽  
ANA MARIA PES ◽  
NEUSA HAMADA ◽  
JORGE LUIZ NESSIMIAN
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
New Records ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
First Record ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
State Information ◽  
Amazonas State

Immature stages of many Brazilian Smicridea species remains unknown, and efforts to describe all life stages are required. In this paper, the larva and pupa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978, associated with adults through the metamorphotype method, are described and illustrated. In addition, the known distribution of this species is extended in the Brazilian Amazon Basin with new records from Amazonas state and the first record in Pará state. Information about its bionomics is also provided. 

Net nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification rates in soils following deforestation for pasture across the southwestern Brazilian Amazon Basin landscape

Oecologia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Neill ◽  
Marisa C. Piccolo ◽  
Carlos C. Cerri ◽  
Paul A. Steudler ◽  
Jerry M. Melillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Net Nitrification ◽  
Net Nitrogen Mineralization

A new species of corkscrew plant (Genlisea, Lentibulariaceae) from the Amazon lowlands of Brazil, including a key to all species occurring north of the Amazon River

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS FLEISCHMANN ◽  
SUZANA M. COSTA ◽  
VOLKER BITTRICH ◽  
MARIA DO CARMO ESTANISLAU DO AMARAL ◽  
MICHAEL HOPKINS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
White Sand ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Genlisea section Genlisea from the white-sand savannas (“campinaranas”) of Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated, providing remarks on habitat and ecology as well as SEM seed images. Genlisea multiflora has been recorded from Viruá National Park, and is of affinity to the large, purple-flowered species G. sanariapoana and G. guianensis. An identification key to all Genlisea species north of the Amazon is presented.

Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from a white-sand habitat in the Brazilian Amazon, with the description of four new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4504 (3) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
FERNANDO DA SILVA CARVALHO-FILHO ◽  
INOCÊNCIO DE SOUSA GORAYEB ◽  
JÉSSICA MARIA MENEZES SOARES ◽  
MATHEUS TAVARES DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Flesh Fly ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Flesh Flies

The white-sand enclaves in the Amazon Basin are small areas scattered through the tropical forest, with sandy and nutrient-poor soils and an unusual vegetation type. The insect fauna of this ecosystem is poorly known, especially in the eastern Amazon. The flesh fly fauna of an area of open herbaceous white-sand vegetation known as “Campo Redondo” in the municipality of Cametá, state of Pará, was surveyed, resulting in the discovery of 43 species in 11 genera representing the subfamilies Sarcophaginae and Miltogramminae. Four new species are described: Dexosarcophaga (Dexosarcophaga) campina sp. nov., Helicobia cametaensis sp. nov., Helicobia domquixote sp. nov., and Metopia fofo sp. nov. Lepidodexia (Lepidodexia) grisea Lopes and Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) setifrons (Lopes) are newly recorded from Brazil. Dexosarcophaga (Bezzisca) ampullula (Engel), D. (Dexosarcophaga) transita Townsend and Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) larvicida (Lopes) are newly recorded from the Brazilian Amazon. 

scholarly journals Lack of evidence for human infection with Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus in the Brazilian Amazon basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara Tatielle Monteiro Gomes ◽  
Luciana Imbiriba ◽  
Rommel Rodriguéz Burbano ◽  
Artur Luiz da Costa Silva ◽  
Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Xenotropic Murine Leukemia ◽  
Related Virus ◽  
Murine Leukemia

Sapir, Reichenbach, and the syntax of tense in Pirahã

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Everett
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Linguistic Relativity ◽  
Temporal Reference ◽  
Precision Time

This paper investigates temporal interpretations in Pirahâ, a Muran language spoken in the Brazilian Amazon basin. The analysis assumes the neoReichen-bachian model of tense syntax proposed in Hornstein (1990) and argues that this model provides an elegant account of tense-related facts in Pirahâ, iff it is parametrized. Whereas Hornstein predicts that all tense systems will have a temporal reference point (R), this paper argues that languages may be parametrized as [+R] or [-R] and that this has important implications for their temporal syntax. Moreover, the paper also argues that it is no coincidence that the Pirahâ place little importance on precision time statements, or that the Pirahâ have difficulty translating such statements, since their language does not draw temporal distinctions based on R. The parametrization of R among the Pirahâ is argued to offer anew source of support for Sapir's linguistic relativity hypothesis.

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