scholarly journals Why canines induce resorption of neighboring roots? An imaging correlation

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Alberto Consolaro ◽  
Omar Hadaya ◽  
Taisa Maeshiro Estorce
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
3D Reconstructions

ABSTRACT Despite the explanations about the mechanisms and reasons why dental follicles of unerupted maxillary canines do not cause root resorption in neighboring teeth, questions remain about the time expected for this event and the lack of protocols for preventive clinical management, which may serve as insights for further studies. Here, these mechanisms are correlated with imaging findings of CT scans and 3D reconstructions of a typical clinical case.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Clinical Management of Skull Fractures in Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Christoph Arneitz ◽  
Maria Sinzig ◽  
Günter Fasching
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Skull Fractures ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Minor Head Trauma ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The indications of routine skull X-rays after mild head trauma are still in discussion, and the clinical management of a child with a skull fracture remains controversial. The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate our diagnostic and clinical management of children with skull fractures following minor head trauma. Methods: We worked up the medical history of all consecutive patients with a skull fracture treated in our hospital from January 2009 to October 2014 and investigated all skull X-rays in our hospital during this period. Results: In 5217 skull radiographies, 66 skull fractures (1.3%) were detected. The mean age of all our patients was 5.9 years (median age: 4.0 years); the mean age of patients with a diagnosed skull fracture was 2.3 years (median age: 0.8 years). A total of 1658 children (32%) were <2 years old. A typical boggy swelling was present in 61% of all skull fractures. The majority of injuries were caused by falls (77%). Nine patients (14%) required a computed tomography (CT) scan during their hospital stay due to neurological symptoms, and four patients had a brain magnetic resonance imaging. Nine patients (14%) showed an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; mean age: 7.3 years); one patient had a neurosurgery because of a depressed skull fracture. Nine patients (14%) were observed at our pediatric intensive care unit for a mean time of 2.9 days. The mean hospital stay was 4.2 days. Conclusions: Our findings support previous evidence against the routine use of skull X-rays for evaluation of children with minor head injury. The rate of diagnosed skull fractures in radiographs following minor head trauma is low, and additional CT scans are not indicated in asymptomatic patient with a linear skull fracture. All detected ICHs could be treated conservatively. Children under the age of 2 years have the highest risk of skull fractures after minor head trauma, but do not have a higher incidence of intracranial bleeding. Neuroobservation without initial CT scans is safe in infants and children following minor head trauma and CT scans should be reserved for patients with neurological symptoms.

scholarly journals The metopic index: an anthropometric index for the quantitative assessment of trigonocephaly from metopic synostosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Y. Wang ◽  
Amir H. Dorafshar ◽  
Ann Liu ◽  
Mari L. Groves ◽  
Edward S. Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Metopic Synostosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Age And Sex

OBJECTIVE Because the metopic suture normally fuses during infancy, there are varying degrees of severity in head shape abnormalities associated with premature fusion. A method for the objective and reproducible assessment of metopic synostosis is needed to guide management, as current methods are limited by their reliance on aesthetic markers. The object of this study was to describe the metopic index (MI), a simple anthropometric cranial measurement. The measurements can be obtained from CT scans and, more importantly, from palpable cranial landmarks, and the index provides a rapid tool for evaluating patients in both pre- and postoperative settings. METHODS High-resolution head CT scans obtained in 69 patients (age range 0–24 months) diagnosed with metopic craniosynostosis were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative 3D reconstructions were available in 15 cases, and these were compared with 3D reconstructions of 324 CT scans obtained in a control group of 316 infants (age range 0–24 months) who did not have any condition that might affect head size or shape and also in a subset of this group, comprising 112 patients precisely matched to the craniosynostosis patients with respect to age and sex. Postoperative scans were available and reviewed in 9 of the craniosynostosis patients at a mean time of 7.1 months after surgical repair. 3D reconstructions of these scans were matched with controls based upon age and sex. RESULTS The mean preoperative MI for patients with trigonocephaly was 0.48 (SD 0.05), significantly lower than the mean values of 0.57 (SD 0.04) calculated on the basis of all 324 scans obtained in controls (p < 0.001) and 0.58 (SD 0.04) for the subset of 112 age- and sex-matched controls (p < 0.001). For 7 patients with both pre- and postoperative CT scans available for evaluation, the mean postoperative MI was 0.55 (SD 0.03), significantly greater than their preoperative MIs (mean 0.48 [SD 0.04], p = 0.001) and comparable to the mean MI of the controls (p = 0.30). In 4 patients, clinically obtained postoperative MIs by caliper measurement were comparable to measurements derived from CT (p = 0.141). CONCLUSIONS The MI is a useful measurement of the severity of trigonocephaly in patients with metopic synostosis. This simple quantitative assessment can potentially be used in the clinical setting to guide preoperative evaluation, surgical repair, and postoperative degree of correction.

Exposure and Ritual Prevention, Clomipramine, or Their Combination for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Kitay ◽  
Michael H. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on the management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adults. Is the combination of exposure and ritual prevention (a cognitive behavior therapy based intervention) along with clomipramine more efficacious than monotherapy with either treatment for OCD? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study interventions, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications for clinical management, and concludes with an exemplary clinical case applying the evidence.

scholarly journals The Role of 3D Reconstruction True Volume Analysis in Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0012
Author(s):  
Kempland Walley ◽  
Tyler Gonzalez ◽  
Evan Roush ◽  
Kaitlin Saloky ◽  
Ryan Callahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Volume Analysis ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Damage Stability ◽  
Conventional Ct

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Evaluation and management of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) often warrant advanced imaging studies such as CT and/or MRI. While MRI has its advantages in determining the degree of cartilage damage, stability of the fragment and edema, CT imaging is better delineates the osseous anatomy and extent of the lesion. The latter imaging modality offers increasing acuity and resolution in characterizing the complex osteochondral landscape via three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. It is possible that orthopedic surgeons may overestimate the size and misinterpret the morphology of OLT from conventional MRI and CT thereby influencing treatment strategies. The purpose of this study is to determine the utility of a novel means to estimate the true-volume of OLTs using 3D reconstructed images and volume analysis. Methods: After IRB approval, an institutional radiology database was queried for patients with OLTs and compatible CT scans between 2011 and 2016. Fourteen patients were found to have OLT compatible with the software used to approximate true-volumes of 3D reconstructed images. 3D reconstructions were created using Mimics software (Materialise, Belgium). From the 14 reconstructed OLTs, 5 were randomly selected for evaluation. 10 orthopedic surgeons independently estimated the volume of these 5 OLTs via standard CT scans. Then 3D reconstructions were made and true-volume (TV) analysis measurements of each OLT were generated. The percent change in volumes from CT were compared to TVs determined from 3D reconstructive analysis. Results: On average the volume calculated by conventional CT scanner grossly overestimated the actual size of the OLTs. The volume calculated on conventional CT scanner overestimated the size of OLTs compared to the 3D TV reconstructed analysis by 285-864%. Conclusion: Our results show that conventional measurements of OLTS with CT grossly overestimates the size of the lesion by up to 8-times the actual lesion size. This overestimation of volumes of the lesion can drastically change surgical planning and may lead to unnecessary costs associated with specific surgical treatments. With the use of our newly defined model for volume measurement in OLTs, we can more accurately predict the exact size of the OLT. This can better guide surgeons to choices both the correct cartilage restoring procedure as well as the need for bone grafting.

Radiology on Board the PLA(N) Peace Ark Hospital Ship During a Humanitarian Medical Relief Mission to the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Ai-Jun Ren ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Hai-Wei Wang ◽  
He-Quan Ge ◽  
Hong-Jun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Intracranial Hematoma ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medical Relief

AbstractObjectiveFrom November 24 to December 10, 2013, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy [PLA(N)] hospital ship Peace Ark was deployed to the Leyte Gulf in the Philippines to provide humanitarian medical relief in Tacloban after Typhoon Haiyan. The purpose of this study was to assess the radiological services aboard the ship to provide guidance for future missions.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on a cohort of 109 patients who underwent digital radiography (DR) and 59 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) scans during a 16-day period during a humanitarian medical relief mission to the Philippines. Patient demographics, DR findings, and CT findings were analyzed.ResultsThe mean age of the 109 DR patients was 39.7 years for the 64 males and 43.7 years for the 45 females. A total of 148 DR examinations were performed of the chest (n=109), extremities (n=35), and spine (n=4). The mean age of the 59 CT patients was 43.8 years for the 32 males and 49.1 years for the 27 females. A total of 72 CT scans were performed of the head and neck (n=36), thorax (n=24), abdomen (n=5), spine (n=4), and extremities (n=3). The imaging findings mainly included disaster-related and non-disaster-related fractures, pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary infection, acute brain infarction, intracranial hematoma, and occupying lesions.ConclusionAnalysis of radiological services during a humanitarian medical relief mission to the Philippines provided meaningful information for future humanitarian medical relief missions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:16–19)

scholarly journals Management of Inflammatory Internal Root Resorption with Biodentine and Thermoplasticised Gutta-Percha

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Girish Umashetty ◽  
Upendra Hoshing ◽  
Suvarna Patil ◽  
Nishant Ajgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Slow Progression ◽  
Radiolucent Lesion

Internal root resorption is a chronic inflammatory process initiated within the pulp space with the loss of dentin. This condition demands a comprehensive understanding of the pathologic process, so as to identify the cause and arrest the resorptive phenomena. It is a rare occurrence, asymptomatic, with slow progression, detected through routine radiographic examination, where it appears as a radiolucent lesion. This paper reports a clinical case of inflammatory internal root resorption in the premolar tooth. Because it is asymptomatic, internal root resorption needs an early diagnosis in order to institute the endodontic treatment before the process compromises the remaining mineralized structures of the tooth. Biodentine was used to reinforce the weaker structures in the root. Thermoplasticised gutta-percha was used to completely obturate the defect. Ten-month follow-up showed arrest of internal root resorption.

scholarly journals Multidetector Computed Tomographic Characterization of a Rare Retroperitoneal Mass in the Left Psoas Compartment

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 041-055
Author(s):  
Rochita Venkata Ramanan ◽  
Elankumaran Krishnan ◽  
Maya Menon ◽  
Ponneyinchelvi Shivanandan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Retroperitoneal Mass ◽  
Radiologic Diagnosis ◽  
Computed Tomographic

AbstractWe discuss a case of a rare, large, left-sided retroperitoneal mass that presented a diagnostic difficulty in characterization both radiologically and pathologically. We analyze the imaging findings in a step-by-step manner to understand its structure of origin, components, and tissue characterization. Intraoperative images are correlated with multidetector computed tomographic (CT) scan images to demonstrate spatial orientation. A discussion of the pathological findings, and conclusions are made. This discussion highlights the methodology by which radiologic diagnosis is made on multidetector CT scans.

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