scholarly journals Potential of transmission of Pyricularia graminis-tritici from plant to seed and from seed to seedling in wheat genotypes with different degrees of blast resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delineide Pereira Gomes ◽  
Valterley Soares Rocha ◽  
João Romero do Amaral Santos de Carvalho Rocha ◽  
Olinto Liparini Pereira ◽  
Moacil Alves de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Transmission Studies ◽  
Fungal Suspension

Abstract: Transmission studies of Pyricularia graminis-tritici by wheat seed can help establishing pathogen tolerance standards in crops. Four genotypes, each one with different responses to blast, were inoculated with five volumes of fungal suspension (1,5x105 spores.mL-1), in order to obtain 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% of plants inoculated in the experimental unit. The potential of transmission of P. graminis-tritici from plant to seed was evaluated by the incidence of the fungus in the seeds produced. Under controlled conditions, the transmission rate of the fungus from seed to seedling was evaluated. Blast incidence in field allowed a high incidence of P. graminis-tritici in the seeds, especially in the genotypes considered susceptible. The transmission of fungus from the seeds to seedlings occurred 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, at low rates. There was a relationship between the presence of blast in field and the incidence of P. graminis-tritici in seeds produced by the genotypes BRS 264, VI 98053, CD 116 and CD 104. Inoculation of 5, 10, 20 and 30% of plants with fungus can generate a high incidence of the pathogen in field and in the seeds produced, but it doesn`t guarantee a high transmission rate from seed to seedling, which is low under controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of monosporic and polysporic Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates to wheat seed and seedling under controlled conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 2697-2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minotto Elisandra ◽  
Bertoni Mann Michele ◽  
Vlez-Martin Eduardo ◽  
Feltrin Thaisa ◽  
Pasqualini Milagre Luciana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Controlled Conditions

scholarly journals A Graft-Based Chemotherapy Method for Screening Effective Molecules and Rescuing Huanglongbing-Affected Citrus Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muqing Zhang ◽  
Charles A. Powell ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
Melissa S. Doud ◽  
Yongping Duan
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Bacterial Titer ◽  
Transmission Studies

Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus. The global citrus industry is in urgent need of effective chemical treatments for HLB control because of its rapid spreading worldwide. Due to the fastidious nature of the pathogens, and the poor permissibility of citrus leaf surfaces, effective screening of chemicals for the HLB control can be challenging. In this study, we developed a graft-based chemotherapy method to rapidly screen potential HLB-controlling chemical compounds. In addition, we improved transmission efficiency by using the best HLB-affected scion–rootstock combination, and demonstrated the HLB bacterial titer was the critical factor in transmission. The HLB-affected lemon scions had a high titer of HLB bacterium, survival rate (83.3%), and pathogen transmission rate (59.9%). Trifoliate, a widely used commercial rootstock, had the highest survival rate (>70.0%) compared with grapefruit (52.6%) and sour orange (50.4%). Using this method, we confirmed a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin was the most effective compounds in eliminating the HLB bacterium from the HLB-affected scions, and in successfully rescuing severely HLB-affected citrus germplasms. These findings are useful not only for chemical treatments but also for graft-based transmission studies in HLB and other Liberibacter diseases.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus: High Transmission Rate in North-Western European Mosquitoes Indicates Its Epidemic Potential and Warrants Increased Surveillance

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e0003956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelke J. Fros ◽  
Corinne Geertsema ◽  
Chantal B. Vogels ◽  
Peter P. Roosjen ◽  
Anna-Bella Failloux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
West Nile ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Western European ◽  
North Western

Sensitivity to Pore Geometry of Virus Transmission Through Latex Channels: Experimental Analysis

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Myers ◽  
C. David Lytle ◽  
Licia B. Routson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Virus Transport ◽  
Channel Geometry ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Large Virus

Abstract Previously published measurements of virus transmission through a channel comprised of two planar sheets of latex material displayed an unexpectedly high transmission rate for large virus residence times in the channel. Additional experiments demonstrated that the elevated transmission rate can be explained as a high sensitivity of virus transport to perturbations in channel geometry, for highly adsorptive viruses.

Sensitivity to Pore Geometry of Virus Transmission Through Latex Channels: Experimental Analysis

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Myers ◽  
C. David Lytle ◽  
Licia B. Routson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Virus Transport ◽  
Channel Geometry ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Large Virus

Abstract Previously published measurements of virus transmission through a channel comprised of two planar sheets of latex material displayed an unexpectedly high transmission rate for large virus residence times in the channel. Additional experiments demonstrated that the elevated transmission rate can be explained as a high sensitivity of virus transport to perturbations in channel geometry, for highly adsorptive viruses.

Improved Performance Investigations on OFDM-RoF Transmission Links Using ODSB and OSSB Modulation Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Ajay K. Sharma ◽  
Vinod Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Dispersion Compensation ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Fiber Dispersion ◽  
High Transmission ◽  
Modulation Techniques ◽  
Compensation Technique ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Better Than

AbstractIn this work, simulative investigation to evaluate the performance of OFDM-RoF transmission links using ODSB and OSSB modulation schemes at high transmission rate is reported. Further, the results have been reported by compensating the degradations introduced by fiber dispersion using DC fiber for the proposed SSB-OFDM-RoF transmission links and a comparison is presented for evaluating the performance of such systems with and without DC fiber. Our result shows that the OSSB performs better than ODSB modulation scheme as the later severely suffered with fading problems due to fiber dispersion. In case of OSSB with DC fiber dispersion compensation technique, an improvement in SNR ratio and total power received is achieved in comparison to OSSB without DC fiber.

Studies on seed and pollen transmission of Alfalfa Mosaic, Cucumber Mosaic and Bean Yellow Mosaic Viruses in cultivars and accesions of annual Medicago species

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Pathipanowat ◽  
RAC Jones ◽  
K Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Pollen Transmission ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Transmission Studies ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
Seed Coats

Seed and pollen transmission of alfalfa mosaic (AMV), cucumber mosaic (CMV) and bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) viruses was investigated in annual medic species (Medicago spp.). For seed transmission studies with AMV, graft inoculation was used to establish early infection and maximize possible transmission rates to seedlings via seed, but with CMV and BYMV aphid and/or graft inoculation was used. For pollen transmission studies, pollen taken from virus-infected plants was used to pollinate healthy plants, the seed collected and seedlings tested. The rates of AMV isolate OUI-2 transmission to seedlings through seed produced on infected plants ranged from 6 to 53% for commercial cultivars and from 7 to 65% for accessions. Accession DZA 3181.1.1 of M. sphaerocarpos had the highest overall AMV transmission rate. Only two cultivars, cvv. Borung and Hannaford of M. truncatula, and accession SA 4268 of M. orbicularis, had transmission rates of less than 10%. The rates of CMV transmission to seedlings via seed produced on infected plants of the cultivars and accessions tested were 0.3 to 13%, the greatest being found in M. polymorpha cv. Serena, but 6 out of 11 had no detectable transmission. The rates of BYMV transmission to seedlings via seed of the cultivars and accessions tested were 0.3 to 1%, but in 12 out of 15 none was detected. AMV isolate OUI-2 was transmitted to 52% of seedlings via seed produced on healthy M. polymorpha cv. Circle Valley plants pollinated from infected plants. In contrast, no transmission to seedlings by either graft-inoculation or pollination of M. polymorpha plants was detected with a second AMV isolate, OUI-1, which appeared to have lost its ablilty to be seed transmitted. No CMV or BYMV transmission to seedlings via pollination of healthy plants with pollen from infected plants was detected in M. polymorpha cvv. Circle Valley or Santiago. When empty immature pods, and dissected seed coats and embryos from immature seeds produced on AMV-infected plants of M. polymorpha were tested, AMV isolates OUI-I and OUI-2 were detected in all pods and seed coats, but only in 59% of embryos with isolate OUI-2 and in none with isolate OUI-1. CMV was detected in 12% of embryos tested from immature seeds produced on CMV-infected M. polymorpha cv. Serena plants. Transmission of all three viruses through seed, and of AMV through pollen, is cause for concern in annual medic breeding and evaluation programs. Moreover, carry-over outside the growing season in medic pastures is possible through seed with all three viruses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document