scholarly journals New insights into steroidogenesis in normo- and hyperandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros ◽  
Ângelo Barrionuevo Gil-Junior ◽  
Jacklyne Silva Barbosa ◽  
Érico Duarte Isaías ◽  
Márcia Marly Winck Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Androgen Levels

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to examine corticosteroidogenic enzyme activities in normo- and hyperandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cohort study included 81 patients with biochemical hyperandrogenism and 41 patients with normal androgen levels. Enzyme activities were assessed according to the serum steroid product/precursor ratios at baseline and after adrenal stimulation. RESULTS: At baseline, in the delta 4 (Δ4) pathway, hyperandrogenic patients showed greater 17-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase activities in converting progesterone (P4) into 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP4) and 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OHPE) into androstenedione (A) (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.047, respectively) compared to normoandrogenic patients. In the delta 5 (Δ5) pathway, the 17-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase enzymes showed similar activities in both groups. Hyperandrogenic patients presented lower 21-hydroxylase, lower 11β-hydroxylase (p = 0.0001), and statistically significant increases in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II (3β-HSDII) activities (p < 0.0001). Following tetracosactrin stimulation, only the 17,20 lyase activity remained up-regulated in the Δ4 pathway (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Hyperandrogenic patients had higher 17,20 lyase activity, both at baseline and after adrenal stimulation. Greater conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into A with normal conversion of 17-OHPE to 17-OHP4 in hyperandrogenic PCOS patients indicated different levels of 3β-HSDII activity in adrenal cells, and hyperandrogenic patients had lower 11β-hydroxylase and 21-hydroxylase activities.

scholarly journals Infants of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome have Lower Cord Blood Androstenedione and Estradiol Levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-256
Author(s):  
Helen Anderson ◽  
Naomi Fogel ◽  
Stefan K. Grebe ◽  
Ravinder J. Singh ◽  
Robert L. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽  
Androgen Levels

ABSTRACT Context Prenatal androgen excess can cause a phenocopy of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in mammals. Retrospective studies have suggested that girls at risk for PCOS have low birth weight and prospective studies have suggested an increased prevalence of small for gestational age offspring in women with PCOS. Objective To determine whether infants of women with PCOS have reduced birth weight or increased intrauterine androgen levels. Design Prospective case-control study. Participants Thirty-nine PCOS and 31 control women and their infants. Main outcome measures Birth weight and mixed cord blood testosterone, androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol (E2), and dihydrotestosterone levels. Results Mean birth weight did not differ but there was a significant increase in the prevalence of large for gestational age infants in the PCOS group. Cord blood E2 and A levels were lower (p &lt; 0.05) but testosterone:E2 ratios did not differ in female PCOS compared to control offspring. There was no difference in E2 and A levels in the male PCOS and control offspring. There was no difference in 17-hydroxyprogesterone or in other androgen levels in either male or female PCOS offspring compared to their respective control group. Conclusion Infants of women with PCOS were more likely to be large for gestational age. Female offspring of affected women have lower cord blood A levels; other cord blood androgen levels do not differ compared to female control offspring. Cord blood E2 levels are also significantly decreased in PCOS, without any difference in the testosterone:E2 ratio, suggesting decreased fetal or placental production of steroids.

scholarly journals Infants of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Have Lower Cord Blood Androstenedione and Estradiol Levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2180-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Anderson ◽  
Naomi Fogel ◽  
Stefan K. Grebe ◽  
Ravinder J. Singh ◽  
Robert L. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽  
Androgen Levels

Abstract Context: Prenatal androgen excess can cause a phenocopy of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in mammals. Retrospective studies have suggested that girls at risk for PCOS have low birth weight, and prospective studies have suggested an increased prevalence of small-for-gestational-age offspring in women with PCOS. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether infants of women with PCOS have reduced birth weight or increased intrauterine androgen levels. Design: This was a prospective case-control study. Participants: Thirty-nine PCOS and 31 control women and their infants participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: Birth weight and mixed cord blood testosterone, androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol (E2), and dihydrotestosterone levels were measured. Results: Mean birth weight did not differ, but there was a significant increase in the prevalence of large-for-gestational-age infants in the PCOS group. Cord blood E2 and A levels were lower (P &lt; 0.05), but testosterone to E2 ratios did not differ in female PCOS compared with control offspring. There was no difference in E2 and A levels in the male PCOS and control offspring. There was no difference in 17-hydroxyprogesterone or other androgen levels in either male or female PCOS offspring compared with their respective control group. Conclusion: Infants of women with PCOS were more likely to be large for gestational age. Female offspring of affected women have lower cord blood A levels; other cord blood androgen levels do not differ compared with female control offspring. Cord blood E2 levels are also significantly decreased in PCOS, without any difference in the testosterone to E2 ratio, suggesting decreased fetal or placental production of steroids.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific dysregulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with weight-matched controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Gambineri ◽  
Flaminia Fanelli ◽  
Federica Tomassoni ◽  
Alessandra Munarini ◽  
Uberto Pagotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Cortisol Metabolism ◽  
Cortisol Metabolites

ContextAbnormal cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been invoked as a cause of secondary activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and hence androgen excess. However, this is based on urinary excretion of cortisol metabolites, which cannot detect tissue-specific changes in metabolism and may be confounded by obesity.ObjectiveTo assess cortisol clearance and whole-body and tissue-specific activities of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1 (HSD11B1)) in PCOS.DesignCase–control study.SettingMedical center.PatientsA total of 20 overweight–obese unmedicated Caucasian women with PCOS, aged 18–45 years, and 20 Caucasian controls matched for age, BMI, body fat distribution, andHSD11B1genotypes (rs846910 and rs12086634).Main outcome measuresCortisol metabolites were measured in 24 h urine. During steady-state 9,11,12,12-[2H]4-cortisol infusion, cortisol clearance was calculated and whole-body HSD11B1 activity was assessed as the rate of appearance of 9,12,12-2H3-cortisol (d3-cortisol). Hepatic HSD11B1 activity was quantified as the generation of plasma cortisol following an oral dose of cortisone. Subcutaneous adipose HSD11B1 activity andHSD11B1mRNA were measured,ex vivo, in biopsies.ResultsUrinary cortisol metabolite excretion, deuterated cortisol clearance, and the rate of appearance of d3-cortisol did not differ between patients with PCOS and controls. However, hepatic HSD11B1 conversion of oral cortisone to cortisol was impaired (P<0.05), whereas subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissueHSD11B1mRNA levels and activity were increased (P<0.05) in women with PCOS when compared with controls.ConclusionsTissue-specific dysregulation of HSD11B1 is a feature of PCOS, over and above obesity, whereas increased clearance of cortisol may result from obesity rather than PCOS.

Androgen excess increases food intake in a rat polycystic ovary syndrome model by down-regulating hypothalamus insulin and leptin signaling pathways preceding weight gain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yu-chen Xu ◽  
Yu-gui Cui ◽  
Shi-wen Jiang ◽  
Fei-yang Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Androgen Excess ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Leptin Signaling ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Androgen Levels ◽  
Restricted Food Intake

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disorder characterized by high androgen levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperandrogenism on the hypothalamus, and subsequently on the food intake and obesity in females. Methods A dihydroxy testosterone (DHT)-induced rat model was established to recapitulate the hyperandrogenism features of PCOS patients. Body weight and food intake of the rats were recorded. The food intake of DHT-induced rats was restricted by pair feeding to exclude possible effects of weight gain on the hypothalamus. The expression levels of relevant proteins and mRNAs in the hypothalamus, primary hypothalamic neurons exposed to DHT were analyzed by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively. The leptin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured, and leptin was injected via the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route to test the leptin sensitivity of hypothalamus. Results The excessive pre-puberty androgen levels in the DHT-induced rats markedly elevated food intake prior to weight gain. Consistent with this, the expression of NPY and Agouti-related peptide (Agrp) mRNAs were up-regulated, which occurred prior to obesity and even with restricted food intake. In addition, the hypothalamic sensitivity to insulin and leptin was also impaired in the DHT-induced rats before obesity and with restricted food intake. DHT significantly reduced the leptin levels in the CSF, and ICV injection of leptin inhibited the DHT-induced increase in food intake. Conclusions Androgen excess increased food intake in rats and promoted obesity by down-regulating insulin and leptin signaling in the hypothalamus, most likely by suppressing leptin levels in the CSF.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise on Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Grei Shele ◽  
Jessica Genkil ◽  
Diana Speelman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Androgen Levels

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that is characterized by menstrual irregularity and elevated serum androgens, and is often accompanied by insulin resistance. The etiology of PCOS is unknown. Lifestyle interventions and weight loss, where appropriate, remain first-line treatments for women with PCOS. Regular physical activity is recommended for women with PCOS to maintain a healthy weight and cardiovascular fitness. Purpose: To review the evidence for the impact of various exercise interventions on hormone levels in women with PCOS. Methods: A systematic review of original studies indexed in PubMed that utilized an exercise intervention in women with PCOS and reported hormone values pre- and post-intervention. Studies in which the effects of the exercise intervention could be determined were included. Results: Vigorous aerobic exercise improves insulin measures in women with PCOS. Resistance or strength training may improve androgen levels, though additional studies are warranted. Studies with yoga are limited but suggest improvements in androgens. Limited information is available on the impact of exercise on adipokines and anti-Müllerian hormone, warranting further investigation. Conclusions: Recommended guidelines for women with PCOS include vigorous aerobic exercise and resistance training to improve measures of insulin sensitivity and androgen levels.

Androgen levels and metabolic parameters are associated with a genetic variant of F13A1 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Gene ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 504 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Schweighofer ◽  
E. Lerchbaum ◽  
O. Trummer ◽  
V. Schwetz ◽  
S. Pilz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Androgen Levels
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