scholarly journals Hippocampal sclerosis and status epilepticus: cause or consequence? A MRI study

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (4b) ◽  
pp. 1101-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Wruck Kuster ◽  
Pedro Braga-Neto ◽  
Denizart Santos-Neto ◽  
Maria Teresa Garcia Santana ◽  
Antonio Carlos Martins Maia Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Cytotoxic Edema ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Subsequent Loss ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
Transient Imaging

BACKGROUND: Transient imaging abnormalities, including changes on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), may be seen in status epilepticus. These abnormalities can be followed by hippocampal sclerosis. CASE REPORT: We report a 15-year-old lady with focal non convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and focal slowing on EEG. DWI exhibited abnormal hyperintense signals in bilateral temporal and insular cortices. After 3 weeks, MRI performed a localizated hippocampal atrophy. CONCLUSION: The MRI findings indicated vasogenic and cytotoxic edema during seizure activity and subsequent loss of brain parenchyma.

scholarly journals Non-convulsive status epilepticus in a patient with carbon-monoxide poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Marziali ◽  
Francesca Di Giuliano ◽  
Eliseo Picchi ◽  
Silvia Natoli ◽  
Carlo Leonardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Mri Findings

The presentation of carbon monoxide poisoning is non-specific and highly variable. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used for the treatment of this condition. Various reports show the occurrence of self-limiting seizures after carbon monoxide poisoning and as a consequence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Contrary to the seizures, status epilepticus has been rarely observed in these conditions. The exact pathophysiology underlying seizures and status epilepticus associated with carbon monoxide poisoning and hyperbaric oxygen therapy is not really clear, and some elements appear to be common to both conditions. We describe a case of non-convulsive status epilepticus in a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The mechanism, MRI findings and implications are discussed.

Assessment and management of seizures in the critically ill

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Bleck
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Intravenous Fluids ◽  
Treatment Priorities ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

In previously conscious patients seizures are usually easily detected. Critically-ill patients are frequently sedated and a proportion are paralysed with neuromuscular blocking agents, in such patients it may be hard or impossible to detect seizures clinically. An urgent electroencephalogram (EEG) should be obtained whenever seizures are witness or suspected, especially if the patient does not rapidly return to baseline, when non-convulsive status epilepticus must be excluded. Unless the cause of the seizure activity is already known, an urgent CT, or MRI is indicated. If central nervous system infection is suspected a lumbar puncture may be needed. Status epilepticus is diagnosed when there is recurrent or continued seizure activity without intervening recovery. Most seizures are self-limiting and stop after 1–2 minutes, seizures that continue for more than 5 minutes should be treated. Treatment priorities for any seizure are to stop the patient hurting either themselves or anyone else. General supportive measures include attention to the airway, breathing, circulation, exclusion of hypoglycaemia and an EEG to exclude non-convulsive status epilepticus. A variety of drugs can be used to terminate seizures; parenteral benzodiazepines are the most commonly used agents although propofol and barbiturates are alternatives. Emergent endotracheal intubation may well be necessary, hypotension can be expected and may need treatment with intravenous fluids and vasopressors.

Notfallversorgung und Erstbehandlung epileptischer Anfälle im Erwachsenenalter

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (02) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Johannes Schiefer ◽  
Rainer Surges
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Anticonvulsant Treatment ◽  
Convulsive Seizures ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractSuspected epileptic seizures are a frequent cause of emergency hospital care. After single seizures, the emergency management includes safety measures and diagnostic efforts to distinguish epileptic seizures from its manifold mimics and to possibly detect acute causes of epileptic seizures. Convulsive status epilepticus requires rapid anticonvulsant treatment according to established protocols and diagnostics to rule out underlying acute brain diseases. After a first seizure, typical EEG- and MRI findings may indicate an elevated recurrence risk, thereby justifying the ultimate diagnosis of epilepsy and initiation of anticonvulsant therapy. This article reviews the recent definition of epilepsy, summarizes clinical characteristics of epileptic seizures and its mimics and provides an overview of established therapies of single convulsive seizures, convulsive status epilepticus and early care of adults after first unprovoked seizures.

MRI findings in epileptic patients with histories of status epilepticus and hippocampal sclerosis

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Yutaka Awaya ◽  
Hirokazu Oguni ◽  
Takashi Uehara ◽  
Sachiko Kanematu ◽  
Yukio Fukuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Epileptic Patients

scholarly journals Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state causing atypical status epilepticus with hippocampal involvement

2021 ◽  
pp. practneurol-2021-003222
Author(s):  
Emanuele Bartolini ◽  
Raffaella Valenti ◽  
Josemir W Sander
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Permanent Brain Damage ◽  
Acute Symptomatic Seizures

Diabetes mellitus may arise abruptly and decompensate suddenly, leading to a hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state. Coma often ensues, although this usually reverses after the metabolic abnormalities have resolved. Acute symptomatic seizures can also occur in patients who are conscious, although these usually resolve after osmolarity and glycaemia have normalised. We describe an elderly woman who failed to regain vigilance despite prompt treatment; the cause was an unusual non-convulsive status epilepticus arising from the mesial temporal lobe and promoting a progressive and selective hippocampal involvement. During follow-up, her seizures recurred after stopping antiseizure medication and she developed hippocampal sclerosis, although she subsequently became seizure-free with antiseizure medications. Patients who are unresponsive in a hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state may be having subclinical epileptiform discharges and risk developing permanent brain damage and long-term epilepsy.

Generalized convulsive status epilepticus after retrograde type A aortic dissection surgery

Perfusion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 026765912094315
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Qingchen Wu ◽  
Haoming Shi ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
Cheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Type A ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Recurrent Seizure ◽  
Type A Aortic Dissection ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Generalized convulsive status epilepticus is defined as a generalized and convulsive seizure with 5 minutes or more of continuous clinical and/or electrographic seizure activity or recurrent seizure activity without recovery between seizures. For the first time, we present a case with retrograde type A aortic dissection after endovascular repairment and received thoracotomy intensely. Case report: The patient experienced frequent generalized seizures in the immediate postoperative period, and status epilepticus was considered for his medical history, clinic symptoms and related examinations. Discussion and Conclusion: Generalized convulsive status epilepticus should be alert for avoiding delay in the rehabilitation particularly after aortic dissection surgery. Under the good condition of ventilation, combining morphine with midazolam or diazepam can more effectively relieve the symptoms.

scholarly journals Insights into the sequence of structural consequences
 of convulsive status epilepticus: A longitudinal MRI study

Epilepsia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaolang Gong ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Luis Concha ◽  
Christian Beaulieu ◽  
Donald W. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Longitudinal Mri ◽  
Mri Study

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOME OF CHILDREN ADMITTED WITH STATUS EPILEPTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Kuamr Bakolia ◽  
Gajendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Barolia
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recurrent Seizure ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Background: Objective of this study was to study epidemiology and clinical profile of Status epilepticus Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study conducted on 50 children All children aged between 1 month to 12 years who at presentation or during the PICU stay had convulsive status epilepticus - defined as continuous seizure activity or recurrent seizure activity without regaining consciousness lasting for >5 min. Results: Among 50 children 56.00 % were in the age group were less than 5 years ,24 % were between 6-10 years ,20.00 % were above 10 yrs. The mean age group was 6.21±1.26 years. Incidence was higher in males (64%) when compared to females (36%). Generalized tonic clonic seizure were observed in 46 (92.00%) and partial seizure was noted in 4 (8%) of the children. About 36 (72%) of the children developed SE for the first time. Conclusion: Status epilepticus is one of the common neurological emergency which requires admission to PICU. In our study epilepsy is one of the most common causes of status epilepticus. Early and appropriate treatment with anticonvulsants and use of mechanical ventilation may improve the outcome. Keywords: Status epilepticus, mortality, clinical profile

scholarly journals Seizure activity and brain damage in a model of focal non‐convulsive status epilepticus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Vila Verde ◽  
Till Zimmer ◽  
Alessandro Cattalini ◽  
Marlene F. Pereira ◽  
Erwin Vliet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus
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