scholarly journals Cognitive deficits in patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Correa Miotto ◽  
Fernanda Zanetti Cinalli ◽  
Valéria Trunkl Serrao ◽  
Glaucia Guerra Benute ◽  
Mara Cristina Souza Lucia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most frequent causes of brain damage. Cognitive deficits reported in the literature after moderate to severe TBI include memory, language, executive functions, attention and information processing speed impairments. However, systematic studies on patients with mild TBI are scarce although neuropsychological changes are present. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cognitive functioning of patients with mild to moderate TBI. METHOD: We evaluated 12 patients with mild to moderate TBI using a comprehensive protocol (PN01) of neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: There were significant deficits of episodic memory including immediate and delayed verbal memory recall, verbal recognition, immediate and delayed visual memory recall, naming, verbal fluency and information processing speed. CONCLUSION: These results emphasize the importance of comprehensive neuropsychological assessments even in cases of mild TBI in order to identify impaired and preserved functions providing adequate managing including rehabilitation programs for each case.

Neuropsychological Alterations in Narcolepsy with Cataplexy and the Expression of Cognitive Deficits

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-595
Author(s):  
Pablo Medrano-Martinez ◽  
Rosa Peraita-Adrados
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjectives:The objective of our study was to assess attention processes and executive function in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (NT1). To do so, we compared the results with those of a control group from the general population using an extensive neuropsychological test battery.Methods:We studied 28 patients with NT1 and 28 healthy control participants matched for age, gender, and educational level. They all completed questionnaires on sleepiness, anxiety, and depression symptoms. In addition, they underwent neuropsychological tests. The ability to maintain attention was assessed using three computer tasks with different levels of complexity.Results:Patients had significantly more daytime sleepiness than controls. A significant negative correlation between depression and disease duration was found in NT1 patients. The results of the anxiety questionnaire correlated with the presence of sleep paralysis. There were significant differences in information processing speed subtasks. Patients made significantly more omissions and generally reacted slower and more variably than controls in computerized tasks. As for executive function, patients performed worse in phonologic fluency tasks than controls. However, when the influence of processing speed on fluency tasks was statistically controlled, part of this significant difference disappeared.Conclusions:Our results indicate that the negative correlation between depression and disease duration probably reflects progressive adaptation to the functional burden of the disease. Information processing speed plays a fundamental role in the expression of cognitive deficits. We emphasized the need to control the influence of processing speed and sustained attention in the neuropsychological assessment of NT1 patients.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological and information processing deficits following mild traumatic brain injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANE L. MATHIAS ◽  
JACQUI A. BEALL ◽  
ERIN D. BIGLER
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Processing Deficits ◽  
Information Processing Deficits

Neuroradiological and neuropathological investigations have found evidence of diffuse brain damage in the frontal and temporal lobes, corpus callosum, and fornices in patients who have sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, neuropsychological assessments of these patients do not typically target many of the subtle information processing deficits that may arise from diffuse damage involving the frontotemporal regions of the brain as well as white matter pathology, including the corpus callosum. Consequently, we have a limited understanding of the deficits that may be attributable to temporary or permanent disruptions to these functional pathways. This study assessed a group of mild TBI patients (N = 40) and a matched control group (N = 40) on a number of standard neuropsychological tests of selective and sustained attention, verbal and non-verbal fluency, and verbal memory. In addition, reaction time (RT) tasks, requiring both the inter- and intra-hemispheric processing of visual and tactile information, were used to assess the functional integrity of the tracts that are likely to be affected by diffuse damage. In the 1st month after sustaining their injury, the mild TBI group demonstrated deficits in attention, non-verbal fluency, and verbal memory. They also demonstrated slower visual and tactile RTs, with the visual RTs of mild TBI patients being more affected by increased task difficulty and the need to transfer information across the corpus callosum, than did their matched controls. (JINS, 2004, 10, 286–297.)

Cognitive and neurobehavioral functioning after mild versus moderate traumatic brain injury in older adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELICIA C. GOLDSTEIN ◽  
HARVEY S. LEVIN ◽  
WILLIAM P. GOLDMAN ◽  
ALLISON N. CLARK ◽  
TRACY KENEHAN ALTONEN
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes

This study evaluated the early cognitive and neurobehavioral outcomes of older adults with mild versus moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thirty-five patients who were age 50 years and older and sustained mild or moderate TBI were prospectively recruited from acute care hospitals. Patients were administered cognitive and neurobehavioral measures up to 2 months post-injury. Demographically comparable control participants received the same measures. Patients and controls did not have previous histories of substance abuse, neuropsychiatric disturbance, dementia, or neurologic illness. Moderate TBI patients performed significantly poorer than mild TBI patients and controls on most cognitive measures, whereas the mild patients performed comparably to controls. In contrast, both mild and moderate patients exhibited significantly greater depression and anxiety/somatic concern than controls. The results indicate that the classification of TBI as mild versus moderate is prognostically meaningful as applied to older adults. The findings extend previous investigations in young adults by demonstrating a relatively good cognitive outcome on objective measures, but subjective complaints after a single, uncomplicated mild TBI in older persons. (JINS, 2001, 7, 373–383.)

Assessment of Neuropsychological Function in Veterans with Blast-related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Sub-concussive Blast Exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley N Clausen ◽  
Heather C Bouchard ◽  
VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup ◽  
Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer ◽  
Rajendra A Morey
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Blast Exposure ◽  
Current Medication

Abstract Objective: Nearly 20% of Veterans report deployment-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) with most deployment injuries stemming from blast exposure. While Veterans with TBI report cognitive complaints and may acutely display impaired neuropsychological performance, there is little evidence examining the effects of so-called sub-concussive blast exposure, which does not meet clinical symptom criteria for mild TBI during the acute period following exposure. We compared chronic effects of combat blast-related mild TBI and combat-related sub-concussive injuries on neuropsychological performance in Veterans.Methods: Post-9/11 Veterans with sub-concussive (n=33) and mild TBI (n=26) from combat-related blast-exposure in addition to and without control Veterans (n=33) without combat-related blast-exposure, completed neurocognitive assessments of intellectual and executive functioning, processing speed, response inhibition, and working memory via NIH toolbox. Veterans also completed assessment of current clinical psychopathology. The Quantification of Cumulative Blast Exposure was used to assess the number of blast exposure and their severity as well as non-blast-related head injuries. Veteran’s self-reported their history of non-blast head injuries and current medication. Huber Robust Regressions were employed to compare neuropsychological performance across groups. Results: Veterans with combat-related mild TBI and sub-concussive blast exposure displayed significantly poorer performance on measures of processing speed compared to controls. After adjusting for PTSD symptoms, those with combat-related mild TBI exhibited slower processing speed than controls; however, this result was not statistically significant after FDR correction.Conclusion: Veterans in the mild TBI group exhibited poorer processing speed and working memory relative to controls even when controlling for PTSD. However, cognition did not significantly differ between the sub-concussive and control groups or between sub-concussive and mild TBI groups. These results suggest that traditional cognitive assessment may not be sensitive enough to detect long-term effects of sub-concussive blast exposure.

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